乌鲁木齐市维、汉族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅与环境因素的关系

目的：了解乌鲁木齐地区（乌市）维吾尔族（维族）、汉族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅现状及相关的影响因素。方法：2000年3－9月，对我院及乌市妇幼保健院正常产妇138例静脉血及其新生儿脐血进行血铅测定（汉族79例，维吾尔族59例）。血铅由上海儿童铅中毒防治中心采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。并对产妇家庭社会环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果：138例产妇血铅为12－267μg/L，新生儿脐血铅为10－252μg/L。维、汉两民族母子血铅均呈高度相关（r汉＝0.8047,r维＝0.7898,P均＜0．01）。其中维族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均大于汉族（母血铅P＜0．01，脐血铅P＜0．05）。血铅≥100μg/L的孕妇53例（38．41％），新生儿48例（34．78％）。影响胎儿铅暴露的因素为孕期被动吸烟、家庭成员接触铅、居室周围有铅污染工厂、居室靠马路、母亲职业、母亲文化程度、孕期补钙、家庭人均收入、母亲上班乘公共汽车时间等。结论：孕妇及新生儿血铅值有差异，且和环境因素有关，新生儿铅中毒有一定比例，应引起高度重视。     

维汉新生儿脐血铅含量与新生儿体格发育的关系

目的:探讨宫内低水平铅暴露对新生儿体格发育的影响。方法:于2000年3月～9日,对我院及乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院出生的139例新生儿汉族80例,维吾尔族59例,进行脐血铅测定,并在新生儿出血1小时内测量其体重、身高、头围、左上臂围。结果:(1)139例新生儿脐血铅10～329(65.08±43.88)μg/L,其中维族新生儿脐血铅大于汉族(p<0.05)。血铅≥100μg/L者49例,占35.25％。(2)新生儿脐血铅和新生儿体重、身高、头围呈负相关(p<0.01)。结论:宫内低水平铅暴露对新生儿的体格发育可能具有不利影响。     

湖州市孕妇血铅与新生儿脐血铅的相关性探讨

目的了解湖州地区孕妇血铅水平及胎儿脐血血铅水平,探讨两者的相关性及孕妇血铅水平对胎儿生长发育的影响。方法采用石墨炉原子吸收法对600例孕妇及其新生儿进行血铅测定,同时测定孕妇血红蛋白和新生儿体重,并进行相关分析。结果孕妇血铅均值为47.14μg/L,脐血铅均值33.64μg/L。孕妇血铅值与新生儿血铅值呈正相关关系(r=0.646,P<0.01)。农村孕妇血铅值49.43±22.74μg/L,略高于城市孕妇(44.52±17.87μg/L)。孕妇血铅与新生儿体重孕妇血红蛋白值均无相关性。结论孕妇血铅值与新生儿血铅值呈正相关关系,孕妇血铅可通过胎盘转运给胎儿。     

脐血铅水平与妊娠结局及影响因素的关系

目的 :了解本地区脐血铅水平现状及其妊娠结局与妊娠并发症 ,新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育的关系 ,并探讨脐血铅与环境因素的关系。方法 :采用 HB2 10 0原子吸收光谱仪用原子吸收法测定 178例经剖宫分娩的新生儿脐带血水平 ,同时观察孕妇妊娠与分娩期有无合并症与并发症 ,并于新生儿出生后即刻测量体重、身长 ,2 4 h内测量头围、胸围和腹围 ,采用神经行为发育量表 ,对出生后 4 2 d的 5 0例婴儿进行神经行为发育评分。同时对产妇家庭环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 :178例脐血铅最高值 12 2 μg/ L,最低值 1μg/ L,中位数 36 μg/ L,脐血铅≥ 10 0 μg/ L 者 6例 ,占3.33%。脐血铅水平与妊娠并发症无明显相关性 ,与新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显相关性。新生儿血铅水平与环境因素 (家庭住址、居室新旧、家庭经济情况、职业等 )差异有显著性 ,P<0 .0 5。结论 :本组脐血铅水平与孕期并发症及新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显关系。脐血铅水平与环境因素有关。     

重庆市区新生儿及其生母血铅测定及影响因素调查

目的　测定新生儿脐血铅及其生母血铅 ,探讨其间关系及影响因素。方法　采用非火焰原子吸收法测定全血铅含量。用自定的调查表调查并记录孕妇年龄、职业等相关因素并进行相关性分析。结果　新生儿脐血铅水平为 1 0 3 45± 3 8 69μg/L ,明显高于其母血铅水平 87 98± 3 7 71 μg/L ,且与其母血铅水平呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 1 )。新生儿脐血铅 >1 0 0 μg/L者占53 76% (50 /93 )。母亲年龄、孕期健康状况是新生儿血铅水平的主要影响因素。结论　本组新生儿铅中毒比例已相当高 ,预防儿童铅中毒应从其母孕期乃至孕前就应开始。治理环境铅污染已刻不容缓。     

92例母乳中铅含量调查分析

目的研究铅在母血、母乳及脐血三者间的关系,揭示铅在母乳中的分布,为婴儿母乳喂养提供依据。方法用石墨炉原子光谱吸收法测定128对母婴的母血、脐血的铅浓度及92份产妇初乳中的铅浓度,用线性回归分析三者之间的关系。结果母血、脐血的铅浓度分别是（33.29±9.49）μg/L和（26.93±9.34）μg/L,母乳铅浓度为1.54（0.02～22.86）μg/L,无一例铅浓度超过铅中毒诊断标准（〉100μg/L）。母乳铅浓度明显低于母血与脐血铅浓度（P〈0.05）;母乳铅浓度血与母血铅浓度无明显的线性相关关系（P〉0.05）,母乳铅浓度与脐血铅浓度无明显线性相关关系（P〉0.05）。结论母乳中的铅浓度水平较低,在非职业性低水平铅暴露范围内,应鼓励母乳喂养。     

孕妇低血铅暴露与胎儿脐血铅相关性及对胎儿影响分析

目的 探讨孕妇低血铅暴露与胎儿脐血铅相关性,并分析对胎儿骨代谢的影响。方法 收集2016 年8月—11月清远市妇幼保健院产科分娩产妇临床资料,根据孕妇分娩时血铅水平分为相对高血铅组（45例）和相对低血铅组（17例）。以Pearson相关分别分析孕妇血铅水平与胎儿脐血铅、新生儿出生时体重、身高、头围、胸围的相关性。比较两组胎儿体检指标和骨代谢指标差异。结果 孕妇62例血铅水平分布范围（28.9~187.52） μg/L,中位数为95.85 μg/L;62例胎儿脐血血铅平均水平为（76.19±36.84） μg/L。孕妇血铅与胎儿脐血铅显著正相关(r=0.760,P=0.000),与新生儿头围呈负相关(r=-0.305,P=0.034)。两组新生儿出生时体检指标差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。相对高铅组新生儿的血清碱性磷酸酶为(173.55±56.13) U/L,高于相对低血铅组（134.46±52.08） U/L,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。相对高铅组新生儿血清骨钙素和血钙水平分别为 （11.68±5.96） ng/mL和 (0.325±0.04） mmol/L,均低于相对低铅组 (18.14±5.12 U/L)和（0.359±0.05 U/L）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 孕妇血铅值越高,胎儿脐血铅浓度也越高,孕妇低血铅暴露可直接影响新生儿骨代谢。     

妊娠期妇女缺铁性贫血诊断指标一致性的探讨

目的 评价以血红蛋白为指标诊断孕妇缺铁性贫血(IDA)与血清铁蛋白和红细胞游离原卟啉变化的符合程度。方法 对506名不同孕周孕妇的血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白和红细胞游离原卟啉进行检测,分别以血红蛋白<100g/L、<105g/L和<110g/L作为诊断IDA的界限值,应用Kappa分析方法分别分析了血红蛋白与血清铁蛋白和红细胞游离原卟啉检测的一致性。结果 21孕周前,血红蛋白的3种界限值与血清铁蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉诊断的一致性普遍较差;21孕周后,以血红蛋白<105g/L和<110g/L为界值,血红蛋白与血清铁蛋白和红细胞游离原卟啉诊断的一致性普遍较好,但以血红蛋白<100g/L为界限值与血清铁蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉诊断的一致性相对较差。结论 血红蛋白与血清铁蛋白和红细胞游离原卟啉检测孕妇IDA的一致性,与孕周以及血红蛋白的界限值有关。     

脐血铅水平与妊娠结局及影响因素的关系

目的:了解本地区脐血铅水平现状及其妊娠结局与妊娠并发症,新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育的关系,并探讨脐血铅与环境因素的关系.方法:采用HB2100原子吸收光谱仪用原子吸收法测定178例经剖宫分娩的新生儿脐带血水平,同时观察孕妇妊娠与分娩期有无合并症与并发症,并于新生儿出生后即刻测量体重、身长,24 h内测量头围、胸围和腹围,采用神经行为发育量表,对出生后42 d的50例婴儿进行神经行为发育评分.同时对产妇家庭环境等相关因素进行问卷调查.结果:178例脐血铅最高值122 μg/L,最低值1 μg/L,中位数36 μg/L,脐血铅≥100 μg/L者6例,占3.33 %.脐血铅水平与妊娠并发症无明显相关性,与新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显相关性.新生儿血铅水平与环境因素(家庭住址、居室新旧、家庭经济情况、职业等)差异有显著性,P＜0.05.结论:本组脐血铅水平与孕期并发症及新生儿体格发育及神经行为发育评分无明显关系.脐血铅水平与环境因素有关.     

职业性铅接触生物监测指标的选择

本文对154名铅接触工人,空气铅浓度0.05～5.0mg/m~3(TWA)和163名非铅接触者的血铅(PbB)、红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)、红细胞锌原卟啉(ZPP)、和尿铅(PbU)的测定结果进行了统计分析。接触-效应和接触-反应之间均有很好相关。用判别分析求得PbB35μg/dl,FEP 45μg/dl,ZPP 70μg/dl,PbU 35μg/L作为检测基准是适宜的。对这些指标的检测效能作了检验,并表明两个检测指标合用比单用一个指标的分辨效果为好。建议取FEP,PbU两项指标合用作铅接触者的检测较为理想。用FEP(X_1),PbU(X_2)两项指标计算得到的判别式Z=0.01901 X_1+0.0001096 X_2,和临界值Z_0=0.035作为对空气铅浓度的监测判别初筛;以Z=0.01477 X_1+0.0000558 X_2,Z_0=0.0278监测判别接触者的血铅。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.