蛛网膜下腔出血后脑脊液血管紧张素转换酶的变化

目的：研究蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后脑脊液血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的变化及临床意义。方法：检测47例蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液ACE活性,并与30例健康对照者相比较,同时通过经颅多普勒超声（TCD）观察病人的脑血管平均血流速度。结果：与对照组相比较,病人组脑脊液ACE活性显著升高（P＜0．01）,同期TCD检查病人组脑血管亦有不同程度痉挛,且发病后4－7天较1－3天有所加重。结论：ACE参与SAH后脑血管痉挛（CVS）的发生、发展,结合TCD检测结果,有助于CVS的早期诊断。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后血栓素、前列环素和脑血流速度的变化

目的：研究蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后血栓素B2（TXB2）、6－酮－前列环素F1α（6－酮）和脑血流速度的关系。方法：用放免法测定52例SAH病人的血浆TXB2、6－酮的含量,观察这两种物质与正常对照组,正常对照组与出血1－3d、4－5d、6－12d各组6－酮的变化,以及与经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检测结果之间的关系。结果：SAH后TXB2、6－酮含量与正常对照组,正常对照组与出血1－3d、4-5d组的6－酮含量有显著差异,脑平均血流速度在SAH后4－5d增快明显。结论：SAH后血浆TXB2、6－酮含量发生变化,SAH后脑血管痉挛与TXB2、6－酮的变化有关。     

免疫组化法观察SAH大鼠脑血管及下丘脑内皮素变化

应用免疫组织化学和显微分光光度测量技术，研究了大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后颅底血管壁和下丘脑部位内皮素样免疫反应物质（ET－LI）的变化情况，结果：在正常对照和生理盐水对照大鼠颅底血管壁基底膜及平滑肌上存在少量ET－LI；SAH后早期颅底血管内皮、基底膜、平滑肌及丘脑下部第三脑室周围ET－LI明显增加，24h后无明显增加．揭示：ET可能是致SAH后脑血管痉挛（CVS）的主要物质，可能来源于SAH后受刺激的下丘脑，并在脑脊液中从血管外膜面作用于颅底动脉．     

SAH患者内皮素水平与DIND的相关性研究

目的探讨SAH患者血浆及脑脊液内皮素含量与DIND的相关性。方法应用放射免疫方法测定22例SAH患者急性期和恢复期血浆中ET含量的变化，测TCD及神经功能障碍的病情观察。结果SAH急性期及恢复早期血浆及脑脊液中的ET水平均明显高于正常，具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），与脑血管痉挛和神经功能障碍呈正相关。结论SAH后脑血管痉挛程度与血浆及脑脊液中ET含量在时间进程和程度上密切相关，SAH后脑脊液中ET可能参与了迟发性缺血性神经功能障碍的过程。     

创伤性脑血管痉挛与内皮素—1水平变化的关系

目的 探讨创伤性脑血管痉挛与内皮素－1（ET－1）水平变化的关系。方法 颅脑外伤患者于伤后不同时期（伤后第1d,第5d和第14d）分别采集静脉因、脑脊液，采用放射免疫法测定ET－1浓度，伤后第5d用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）观察脑血管痉挛发生与否。结果 血浆与脑脊液ET－1水平变化呈平行关系。脑血管痉挛患者血浆、脑脊液ET－1水平明显高于脑血管无痉挛者，脑血管痉挛程度越重，ET－1水平越高。结论 血浆与脑脊液中ET－1水平升高可引起脑血管痉挛。     

脑脊液置换联用尼莫地平治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效观察

蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后随之发生的迟发性脑血管痉挛（DCVS）等一系列继发改变，是导致病人致残、致死的重要原因。SAH后DCVS的发生和发展受痉挛血管周围的血液刺激启动。早期最大限度清除蛛网膜下腔积血成为预防SAH后DCVS最有效的方法。临床证实，脑脊液置换术是一种行之有效的方法。有关脑脊液置换法治疗SAH的报道不少见，但脑脊液置换方式、量各不一致。通过我院采用大量脑脊液置换疗法治疗SAH取得了一定疗效。现报道如下：     

蛛网膜下腔出血后RHO激酶影响脑血管痉挛的初步研究

目的 探讨RHO激酶在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后患者脑脊液中的表达及其在脑血管痉挛的调控作用.方法 采集35例SAH患者脑脊液标本,采集时间为入院后第1、3、7、10、14天,RT-PCR方法 检测Rh0激酶mRNA的表达,采用放免法检测脑脊液中内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度,采用TCD检测颅内主要动脉血流速度.结果出血后第3天脑脊液中Rho激酶表达及ET-1浓度增高,在出血后第7天达到高峰,而后逐渐下降.结论 SAH患者脑脊液中Rho激酶的表达与ET-1浓度梯度有关,参与SAH后脑血管痉挛的发生,其含量与病情演变、脑血管痉挛程度有关.     

蛛网膜下腔出血后低钠血症与症状性脑血管痉挛的关系

低钠血症（LN）和症状性脑血管痉挛（SCVS）是蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后常见的并发症，又是造成SAH病人致死致残的两个主要原因。因此，我们对两者的关系及LN在SCVS发病中的作用进行了临床探讨。１临床资料７３例SAH病人中男３０例，女４３例，平均年龄５３例，诊断符合第二届全国脑血管病学术会议第三次修订的诊断标准。全部病人行脑CT和脑脊液检查。所有病例均于入院第１，３，５，７天连续４次测定血清钠水平，LN的诊断标准为血清钠低于１３５mmol／L。SCVS的诊断标准：①SAH后４～９天病情突然加重可持续不缓解，表现为头…     

高海拔低氧环境对急进青年人血管内皮细胞损害的研究

目的；探讨急进不同海拔高度地区，不同居住时间、低氧环境对血管内皮细胞（VEC）的损害。方法：从平原进驻海拔3500m和4500m地区的第7天和半年的180名新兵，进行循环内皮细胞（CEC），内皮素（ET），6－酮－前列腺素Fia(6-kto-PGFia)和血栓素2（TXB2）等测定，并与平原健康新兵作对照。结果：海拔3500m第7天组较平原组CEC，ET，TXB2有不同程度各项高（P＜0.05-0.01)，居住半年后上述指标同平原组比较无显改变，海拔4500m第7天组较平原组CEC，ET，TXB2均有显升高（P＜0.01)，半年后上述指标较平原组无显改变。6－kto-PGFia两组第7天，半年均无显差异。结论：高海拔低氧环境对VEC的损害主要在早期，海拔愈高损害愈明显，预防进驻高海拔地区心血管疾病关键在早期。     

紫苏治疗进行性系统性硬化症机理研究

在正常生长的离体血管内皮细胞培养中，加入正常人血浆作对照，用进行性系统性硬化症（硬皮病）病人血浆造成离体内皮细胞损害病理模型，观察紫苏对孵育过程的影响，结果发现，加入病人血浆后孵育的血管内皮细胞大量脱落，变形；LDH释放率成倍增加；TXB2含量增高，6-酮PGF1a含量降低（P均＜0.001），提示病人血浆中存在细胞毒性物质。碍在预先加入紫苏液的内皮细胞培养中，再加入病人血浆进行孵育，则上述改变均与正常对照组无明显差异（P均＞0.05），本实验表明，紫苏具有桔抗TXB2，减轻血小板凝集的功能，同时还有刺激血管内皮细胞增加PGL2合成，使其免受损害因子破坏的细胞保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.