从“引血下行”法探讨高血压病痰湿壅盛证

＂痰瘀互结,气血逆乱＂是导致高血压发病的重要因素。引血下行法是以中医气血升降学说作为理论基础,以逆转阴阳反作病理状态为主要作用机制,并以恢复人体气血自稳调节为目的的一种治法,是预防血瘀形成的重要手段。利用下行通路的药物可以开辟下行的道路,在引血下行的药物中酌加活血化瘀之品,可以使血之未离经者永安其宅,血之已离经者尽化其滞,从而达到化痰的功效。引血下行法不仅是指理血药的作用,也不是单纯降压药所能比拟的,利用引血下行法治疗高血压病痰湿壅盛证具有切实的理论依据以及可行性。     

活血化瘀法在眼科的应用

1瘀血的含义何为瘀?瘀既是一个病理产物,又是一个致病因素。凡血行不畅,凝滞脉中,或已离经之血和污秽不洁之血,以及久病影响到脉络所出现的病变称为瘀血。《说文》指出:“瘀,积血也”。《内经》也说:“寒独留,则血凝,凝则脉不通”。《血证论》又说:“离经之血,为瘀血”等。历代     

基于“心合小肠”论治心力衰竭

心合小肠是指心与小肠生理上相互为用,经络上相互沟通,病理上相互影响。心合小肠功能正常是气血调和、心脉通畅的重要条件。若小肠"受盛化物"功能失常,则精微不生,心失所养,血脉不充,导致气血亏虚,血液运行迟缓,停滞脉中,瘀血阻滞,发为心力衰竭;若小肠失于"泌别清浊"之功,则清者不升,浊者不降,心主血脉功能失常,水液糟粕留滞脉中,浊者入血酿生痰浊、瘀血,使气血失和、脉失所养、心脉失畅,痰瘀相互夹杂于脉中,也可发为心力衰竭。     

韩明向运用一贯煎化裁验案4则

韩明向教授提出＂虚-瘀-衰老＂的中医衰老模式,认为阴虚是许多老年病突出的病机特点,注重使用养阴法治疗老年病,以补老年人阴精之不足,增液养血行血,助阳生化。临床喜用补而不腻、疏而不散之一贯煎,以治肝肾阴虚、血燥气滞之证。     

臌胀病机探讨

臌胀病机，自古至今，仁智各见。本文首先提出脾气虚弱为臌胀之本始。认为各种原因造成脾气先虚，气血生化之源，气虚无力推动血运，血虚无以充盈脉道，可致瘀血内著肝脏，并引用了大量的临床与实验研究资料来论述了脾气虚与臌胀的关系。其次认为肝血瘀滞乃臌胀之枢纽（即中间环节）。本文对９８例臌胀患者临床症状进行分析后提出，肝血瘀滞是形成臌胀的前提，只有肝血瘀滞才能形成臌胀。肝血瘀滞，血络痹阻，水渗络外、腹水乃成。最后论述到腹水内蓄成臌胀之终结。认为本病肝血瘀滞源于脾气虚。此时、瘀血已成为病理产物，它不但影响脏腑正常的气血生化，还能成为继发病（腹水）的病因。结果陈者当去不去，新者当生不生，乃至血愈瘀则腹水愈甚，气血愈虚，腹水愈甚。气血愈虚则血愈瘀，互为因果、遂致本证正虚邪恋，缠绵难愈。     

基于"毛脉合精"与"毛脉失和"探讨脉的功能实现与脉病机理证治

脉是气血运行的通道.痰浊、瘀血等有形实邪停聚脉道,气血运行失常,脉道结构因而改变甚则闭塞不通,引起所支配脏腑失去气血濡养的一系列疾病称为"脉病"."毛脉合精"是脉通行气血、濡养脏腑官窍的重要前提,"毛脉失和"是脉病发生发展的初始阶段.论述从以下方面进行:首先,结合《黄帝内经》相关条文,拓展"毛脉合精"理论内涵,论证了其结构应包括皮毛、腠理、分肉、三焦等,功能应包含通行营卫、津液和调、津血渗化等核心内容;其次,在"毛脉合精"基础上结合玄府学说,论证了玄府通利是"毛脉合精"的重要条件;最后,探讨在"毛脉失和"的影响下,脉病痰瘀证之痰浊、痰结、痰瘀病机演变过程,为继承和发展中医脉病理论提供新的思路.     

李军教授治疗气虚痰瘀交结型胸痹的经验

胸痹属本虚标实之证,心气虚损无力推动津血运行日久则为痰瘀;痰瘀交结则脉道不畅气血运行滞缓,又必致虚。李军教授对气虚痰瘀交结型胸痹的诊治研究颇深,临床上应用益气通阳、涤痰化瘀法治疗此型胸痹病屡见奇效。     

从现代研究论“痰瘀同源”

从现代研究论“痰瘀同源”痰浊是水液代谢障碍形成的，瘀血则是气血失调，血行不畅或血离经脉所酿成，由于津血同源，津血输布运行均赖气的推动，故而痰瘀同源。痰浊、血瘀各自有相应病证，同时痰瘀可互化并见，如气滞致血瘀，脉道阻塞，津血运行不畅，即是瘀血生痰；同样...     

关于衰老与老年病中医机制的探讨

五脏虚损是衰老的主要病理基础,肾虚、脾虚是衰老的重要因素,衰老是多脏器相互影响的全身性的复杂生理退化过程.脏腑功能低下,气机升降失常,代谢紊乱,致津血不归正化,是痰瘀产生的根本原因,痰瘀互结,虚实夹杂,加速衰老进程.延缓衰老要克服盲目性,走出"养生则进补"的误区,辨清虚实,审因选法,才是防衰的关键.     

关于衰老与老年病中医机制的探讨

五脏虚损是衰老的主要病理基础,肾虚、脾虚是衰老的重要因素,衰老是多脏器相互影响的全身性的复杂生理退化过程。脏腑功能低下,气机升降失常,代谢紊乱,致津血不归正化,是痰瘀产生的根本原因,痰瘀互结,虚实夹杂,加速衰老进程。延缓衰老要克服盲目性,走出“养生则进补”的误区,辨清虚实,审因选法,才是防衰的关键。     

姚乃中辨治血液病发热经验

<正>发热是血液病常见的临床症状,患者或表现为高热弛张,或低热起伏,或午后热起,常规退热治疗方法难以取效,不仅影响疾病的治疗,而且易引发变证。     

老年病人多处自发性骨折的护理及前瞻陛预防的探讨

长期住院卧床的老年病人随着年龄增长和内分泌的改变，容易造成骨钙流失，骨骼变得脆而易裂，又由于较少接受太阳照射、运动不足、营养不良等原因，导致骨质疏松而易发生自发性骨折n1。我院老年科于2011年2月收治1例长期卧床老年痴呆病人多处自发性骨折的患者，经分析老年人易发骨折的各种因素，对症处理，并且实施了前瞻性综合预防，取得了较好效果，现报告如下。     

Chinese herbal medicine Xinfeng Capsule in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis： study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA. METHODS AND DESIGN： This is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1：1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo （imitation leflunomide）. The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo （imitation Xinfeng Capsule）. The American College of Rheumatology （ACR） Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate （ACR20）, which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. DISCUSSION： The result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier is N CT01774877.     

Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） and major depressive disorder： a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Due to safety concerns and side effects of many antidepressant medications, herbal psychopharmacology research has increased, and herbal remedies are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives to prescribed medications for the treatment of major depressive disorder （MDD）. Of these, accumulating trials reveal positive effects of the spice saffron （Crocus sativus L.） for the treatment of depression. A comprehensive and statistical review of the clinical trials examining the effects of saffron for treatment of MDD is warranted. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials examining the effects of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression among participants with MDD. SEARCH STRATEGY： We conducted electronic and non-electronic searches to identify all relevant randomized, double-blind controlled trials. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched for relevant studies. INCLUSION CRITERIA： The criteria for study selection included the following： （1） adults （aged 18 and older） with symptoms of depression, （2） randomized controlled trial, （3） effects of saffron supplementation on depressive symptoms examined, and （4） study had either a placebo control or antidepressant comparison group. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： Using random effects modeling procedures, we calculated weighted mean effect sizes separately for the saffron supplementation vs placebo control groups, and for the saffron supplementation vs antidepressant groups. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Jadad score. The computer software Comprehensive Meta- analysis 2 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS： Based on our pre-specified criteria, five randomized controlled trials （n = 2 placebo controlled trials, n = 3 antidepressant controlled trials） were included in our review. A large effect size was found for saffron supplementation vs placebo control in treating depressive symptoms （M ES = 1.62, P 〈 0.001）, revealing that saffron supplementation significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to the placebo control. A null effect size was evidenced between saffron supplementation and the antidepressant groups （M ES = -0.15） indicating that both treatments were similarly effective in reducing depression symptoms. The mean Jadad score was 5 indicating high quality of trials. CONCLUSION： Findings from clinical trials conducted to date indicate that saffron supplementation can improve symptoms of depression in adults with MDD. Larger clinical trials, conducted by research teams outside of Iran, with long-term follow-ups are needed before firm conclusions can be made regarding saffron＇s efficacy and safety for treating depressive symptoms.     

Association between intervertebral disc degeneration and disturbances of blood supply to the vertebrae

Low back pain is a common public health problem in western industrialized societies and the world as well.Studies indicate that the prevalence rate ranges to 35%, with around 10% of patients from 12% becoming chronically disabled. It also places an enormous economic burden on society. Although the exact cause of low back pain has yet to be defined, intervertebral disc degeneration is considered a major source of it. Since patients with degenerative discs are often asymptomatic, the mechanisms of it are still unclear.     

Relevance of muscle biopsy for diagnosing multifocal motor neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy （MMN） is a rare,.focal,inflammatory,demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves with pure motor involvementJ MMN is clinically characterized by slowly progressive,asymmetric,distal,upper limb predominant weakness,in the absence of sensory disturbances） Weakness is usually multifocal and connected to a distinct motor nerve,such as the musculocutaneous nerve resulting in biceps weakness,the posterior interosseus nerve resulting in finger drop,the median,ulnar,or radial nerve resulting in dexterity problems or grip weakness,or the peroneal nerve resulting in a foot drop.Onset of clinical manifestations is between 20 and 50 years of age.The prevalence of MMN is reported as 1-2 per 100 000.2 MMN is three times more frequent in men as compared to women.     

Modulating Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Lipids and Glucose Metabolism and Expression of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α in Golden Hamsters Fed on High Fat Diet

Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid （CGA） on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α （PPAR-α） in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group （n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily）, and control group （n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group）. Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride （TG）, free fatty acid （FFA）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, glucose （FSG）, and insulin （FSI） were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase （HL） lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.