8例以复视为首发症状的Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征分析

目的 探讨以复视为首发症状的Lambert—Eaton肌无力综合征（LEMS）的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析8例以复视为首发症状的LEMS患者的发病特点、临床表现及辅助检查。结果 8例患者均为中老年人，以复视为首发症状，部分合并有睑肌无力。所有患者均经胸部CT或X线确诊为肺癌，3例患者经电刺激试验后显示高频重复电刺激波幅升高200％以上，6例（66．6％）手术后病理检查小细胞肺癌。结论 对以复视为首发症状的中老年患者应考虑到Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征的可能，常规行神经电刺激实验和简单的胸部CT或X线检查，可早期发现肿瘤并采取相应的治疗方案，以免漏诊和误诊。     

Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征与癌

目的　 Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征 (LEMS)临床少见。此报告旨在增进人们对这一综合征的认识。方法　对 2 3例 LEMS患者的临床资料做回顾性分析。结果　全组 2 3例 ,伴癌者 1 9例 (83 % ) ,其中小细胞肺癌(SCLC) 1 5例。首发症状以双下肢无力最常见 (5 2 % )。随访期间有颅神经受累 (61 % )、上肢无力 (70 % )、下肢无力 (1 0 0 % )、自主神经症状 (3 0 % )、腱反射减低 (87% )。高频 (2 0～ 5 0 Hz)重复神经电刺激波幅递增 1 0 0 %～71 8% ,平均增 2 82 %。有 1 5例 (79% )肌无力症状早于肺部症状平均 4.5个月。抗肿瘤治疗 1 2例 ,有 8例 LEMS症状显著改善或消失。结论　 LEMS与癌有显著相关倾向 ,尤其与 SCLC更明显。对 40岁以上男性 LEMS患者应积极寻找潜在的恶性肿瘤     

Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征45例临床及电生理回顾性分析

目的 通过对我院Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征(Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome,LEMS)患者的回顾性分析,分析此病的临床表现和伴发的神经电生理异常.方法 总结1993-2008年我院诊断的45例LEMS患者的一般情况、神经系统临床表现和体征、伴发的内科和全身疾病的情况.所有患者均进行神经电生理检测,包括神经传导速度(NCV)和重复神经电刺激(RNS).部分患者行针极肌电图和皮肤交感反射(SSR)检查.结果 (1)患者出现神经系统症状的平均年龄为(51.2±6.8)岁.最常见临床表现为双下肢无力(35例),其后依次为双上肢无力(10例)、构音障碍(3例)和颈肌无力(2例).神经系统体征中最常见为双下肢或上肢轻度力弱(40例),双下肢腱反射或跟反射减低或消失(38例)以及口干或便秘等自主神经症状(30例).(2)神经电生理检查:所有患者尺神经高频刺激递增达156% ～636%,其中29例同时出现低频递减.所有患者行NCV检查,感觉神经传导速度(SCV)异常或SCV合并运动神经传导速度异常者19例(42%).30例患者行针极肌电图检查,有异常发现者20例.25例行SSR的患者中发现13例异常.结论 LEMS最常见的临床症状为双下肢无力,其次为自主神经症状.患者除了有重复神经电刺激的异常,还伴有周围神经和肌肉的电生理异常以及自主神经系统的异常,提示临床表现可能混杂有神经或肌肉病变的原因.     

重症肌无力169例临床分析

目的研究重症肌无力(MG)临床特点、误诊原因与MG危象临床表现。方法分析本院收治的169例MG患者的临床资料。结果本文患者均行新斯的明试验,阳性率100%。85例行重复神经电刺激(RNS)检查,64例低频波幅递减,8例同时高频波幅递减。157例行胸腺影像学检查,发现胸腺异常80例。发生肌无力危象31例次。121例行甲状腺功能(FT3、FT4、TSH)检测,发现甲状腺功能异常17例。结论MG临床表现多样,时有误诊,易于合并胸腺瘤或胸腺增生及甲状腺功能异常。肌无力危象发生率高。     

肋间神经重复电刺激在激素冲击治疗重症肌无力中的应用

目的探讨肋间神经重复电刺激(IRNS)和膈神经重复电刺激(PRNS)对激素冲击治疗时重症肌无力(MG)患者呼吸受累的预测价值.方法治疗开始前3天内检测36例MG患者PRNS和IRNS,同时观察用力肺活量(FVC)、MG临床评分、治疗中临床呼吸症状变化.结果大剂量激素治疗后2～13天14例(40%)患者出现呼吸功能受累或原有呼吸困难加重,呼吸功能恶化患者与未恶化患者相比,上述参数及MG临床类型均有明显差异.Lo-gistic回归分析显示3Hz及5Hz的IRNS双侧波幅衰减均值超过30%时比不超过时发生呼吸困难或原有呼吸困难加重的相对危险度均为19.523.结论治疗中呼吸功能受累与上述指标及MG临床分型均有关系,IRNS可以预测是否发生呼吸功能恶化.     

癌性Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征四例临床及电生理研究

目的研究癌性Lambert－Eaton肌无力综合征（LEMS）临床及电生理特征。方法回顾性地评价了4例病理证实的癌性LEMS（例1、2为小细胞性肺癌，例3为肾上腺癌，例4为乳腺癌）的临床和电生理资料。结果面神经、腋神经及尺神经重复电刺激示，诱发电位起始波幅减小（0．4～0．7mV）；5Hz以下低频刺激后波幅递减16％～54％（对照：小于15％），但在10Hz以上高频刺激后波幅递增120％～657％（对照：小于65％）；例2和例3肌电图和神经传导速度测定示，多发周围神经源性损害，以感觉神经纤维轴索损害为主。结论观察结果表明，部分癌性LEMS患者的神经肌肉接头和周围神经可同时受累。     

重症肌无力合并抗NXP2抗体阳性皮肌炎一例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨重症肌无力(MG)合并皮肌炎(DM)的临床特征及预后,以提高临床医生对本病的认识。方法 报道中南大学湘雅三医院收治的一例MG合并抗NXP2抗体阳性DM患者的临床资料,并结合文献报道的16例MG合并DM患者进行回顾性分析。结果 54岁女性,主要表现为四肢近端肌无力及颈肌无力1个月、加重半个月,肌酸激酶1797 U/L,抗乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)抗体>20 nmol/L,抗NXP2抗体(+),新斯的明试验阳性,肌电图示四肢呈肌源性损害,重复神经电刺激高低频波幅递减,诊断考虑MG合并DM。17例MG合并DM患者平均年龄45岁,临床症状均有四肢肌无力及皮疹,其他症状包括吞咽困难12例(70.6%),发音或构音障碍、肌痛、呼吸困难各7例(41.2%),颈肌无力6例(35.3%),复视5例(29.4%),面肌无力、上睑下垂各4例(23.5%),肌萎缩、躯干肌无力各1例(5.9%)。经糖皮质激素治疗者15例(88.2%),联合新斯的明治疗10例,联合静脉注射免疫球蛋白7例。除合并恶性肿瘤患者死亡外(2例),其他患者经治疗后肌无力、皮疹等症状均好转。结论 MG合并DM时,临床上常无眼外...     

17例重症肌无力患者的重复神经电刺激检查结果分析

目的 分析重症肌无力患者不同神经重复电刺激的阳性率。方法 对17例重症肌无力患者31例神经做低频和高频率重复电刺激测定。结果 面神经重复电刺激阳性率大于尺神经。3Hz和5Hz频率刺激波幅衰减最大。结论 尺神经 面神经重复电刺激可提高重症肌无力诊断的阳性率。     

Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征6例临床与电生理特点分析

目的探讨Lambert-Eaton肌无力综合征(LEMS)的临床及电生理特点。方法分析2002-2011年作者医院诊断的6例LEMS患者的临床资料及神经电生理检查结果。结果 6例患者起病年龄34～65岁(中位数53岁),病程0.5～35个月(中位数4个月)。4例患者最初诊断为重症肌无力。5例患者伴恶性肿瘤。6例患者均以肢体近端无力起病。5例患者腱反射减低或消失。3例患者伴口干、眼干等自主神经症状。5例患者行新斯的明试验,其中4例阳性。6例患者均行神经电生理检查,共9次。5例行针极肌电图检查共6次,其中结果显示肌源性改变3次,神经源性改变2次,正常1次。5例行7次神经传导速度检查,全部提示复合肌肉动作电位明显减低。6例共行9次重复神经电刺激(RNS)检查,全部提示高频刺激波幅递增。结论掌握LEMS的临床及电生理特征有助于及时正确诊断。     

老年重症肌无力的临床特点(123例临床分析)

目的 研究老年重症肌无力(MG)的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析1990-01—2002-05北京医院123例老年MG住院患者的临床特点，并与507例青壮年MG患者进行对比。结果 老年MG患者占同期MG患者的18．14％，男性患者较多(占68．29％)，眼肌首发症状多见(占80．49％)，分型以I型和Ia型多见(占56．10％)，胸腺异常主要为胸腺瘤(占老年MG患者手术病理证实伴发胸腺异常的100％)，低频重复电刺激(RNS)阳性率为74.19％，老年MG危象发生率较低(为2．44％)。结论 老年MG患者具有男性、眼肌首发症状、I型与IA型多见，以及胸腺异常主要为胸腺瘤，而RNS阳性率与MG危象发生率低等临床特点。     

Source localization (LORETA) of the error-related-negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe)

We investigated error processing of 39 subjects engaging the Eriksen flanker task. In all 39 subjects a pronounced negative deflection (ERN/Ne) and a later positive component (Pe) were observed after incorrect as compared to correct responses. The neural sources of both components were analyzed using LORETA source localization. For the negative component (ERN/Ne) we found significantly higher brain electrical activity in medial prefrontal areas for incorrect responses, whereas the positive component (Pe) was localized nearby but more rostral within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Thus, different neural generators were found for the ERN/Ne and the Pe, which further supports the notion that both error-related components represent different aspects of error processing.     

Allosteric regulation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) by beta(3) 95-105

The linear recognition sequences of an anti-beta(3) antibody that blocked platelet aggregation were identified using beta(3) tryptic peptides. Two of these recognition sequence-containing peptides were mapped to beta(3) 92-105, and antibodies affinity purified using these peptides blocked platelet aggregation. Examining the structure of alpha(IIb)beta(3) identified beta(3) 95-105 as the solvent accessible sequence within beta(3) 92-105. A peptide corresponding to beta(3) 95-105 was synthesized and used to affinity purify the beta(3) antibody. Anti-beta(3) 95-105 completely blocked platelet aggregation and agonist-induced fibrinogen binding to platelets, but had no effect on cyclic-RGD binding. Binding of anti-beta(3) 95-105 to alpha(IIb)beta(3) also did not alter the structure of the alpha(IIb) cap subdomain, as measured by anti-alpha(IIb) 201-217 binding. beta(3) 95-105 and peptides spanning two adjacent sequences in the structure of beta(3) did not bind fibrinogen and were ineffectual in blocking agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Structure analysis revealed that beta(3) 95-105 is adjacent to one of the two hinges in beta(3) that allows for the outward swing of the hybrid and PSI domains which is central to the conversion of alpha(IIb)beta(3) from a low into a high affinity state. Thus, the binding of an antibody to beta(3) 95-105 could serve as a fulcrum for allosteric regulation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) by regulating the movement of the hybrid-PSI domain.     

Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]NC(1-13)NH(2) does not antagonize orphaninFQ/nociceptin-induced prolactin release

The specificity of the orphaninFQ (OFQ)/nociceptin (N)-induced prolactin increase was determined in male and female rats by pretreating animals with different doses of [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]NC(1-13)NH(2), a compound originally reported to be a specific OFQ/N antagonist. In addition, the effect of naloxone pretreatment on OFQ/N-induced prolactin release was examined to determine if OFQ/N's effects were mediated by opiate receptors. Furthermore, dose response studies using [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)-NH)Gly(2)]NC(1-13)NH(2) only were performed to determine potential agonist activity of this drug. Finally, growth hormone (GH) levels were determined as an index of specificity of the prolactin response. Our results confirm previous findings that OFQ/N potently stimulates prolactin release and that a gender difference exists in the magnitude of the response, with females showing a much greater response than male rats. The endocrine response is specific because OFQ/N potently stimulated prolactin, but not GH secretion. The prolactin response is not mediated by actions at opiate receptors because naloxone did not inhibit OFQ/N's effects on prolactin release. However, [Phe(1)Psi(CH(2)-NH) Gly2]NC(1-13) NH(2) did not antagonize OFQ/N's effects on prolactin release. Indeed, this drug acted as a potent agonist. Demonstrating pharmacological specificity of OFQ/N's effects on prolactin release awaits the development of more selective, specific antagonists.