心脏介入治疗合并出血及急性心包填塞的观察及护理

目的:探讨心脏介入治疗合并出血及突发急性心包填塞患者的抢救与护理措施。方法:选取2012年9月~2015年8月于我院接受心脏介入治疗合并出血及突发急性心包填塞患者23例作为研究对象,对所有病例资料进行回顾性分析。结合护理经验,总结分析介入治疗合并出血及突发急性心包填塞患者的有效护理措施。结果:23例患者中,12例为少量出血,给予一般补液与血管活性药物处理,生命体征稳定;11例患者采取紧急心包穿刺及心外科开胸修补,其中有9例经心包穿刺后生命体征恢复稳定,2例心包穿刺无明显效果,紧急转至外科开胸修补处理。最终23例患者全部抢救成功,未发生死亡病例。结论:心脏介入治疗合并出血及急性心包填塞患者的护理要从心理护理、预防护理与抢救护理三个方面着手,以提高抢救成功率。     

冠状动脉介入治疗并发冠状动脉穿孔患者的护理

总结5例冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）并发冠状动脉穿孔患者的护理经验。除加强PCI常规护理外,重点强调了血液动力学以及心肌损伤标志物和心电图变化的监测。本组3例患者并发急性心包填塞,其中2例为术后迟发性心包填塞;3例并发急性非Q波性心肌梗死,其中1例出现心力衰竭。5例患者经积极处理,未发生Q波性心肌梗死、需紧急冠状动脉搭桥或死亡。冠状动脉穿孔是冠状动脉介入治疗少见而严重的并发症,加强术后护理对及时发现和处理各种并发症、减少不良心脏事件发生至关重要。     

植入型心脏起搏系统囊袋感染行囊袋清创及电极拔除16例术后护理

总结16例植入型心脏起搏系统囊袋感染行囊袋清创及电极拔除术的术后护理体会。术后护理重点为密切监测患者的生命体征尤其是心率、心律变化,呼吸机辅助通气时做好气道护理,密切观察切口情况并做好护理,遵医嘱用药,重视患者体位管理及皮肤护理,加强相关并发症的观察与护理,同时做好营养支持和健康指导,并予针对性的心理护理。16例患者均成功完成囊袋清创及电极拔除,术后出现高热2例、急性心包填塞1例,经积极处理后好转,术后1周均痊愈。     

心脏介入术后并发急性心包填塞2例急救与护理

目的:探讨心脏介入术后发生急性心包填塞患者的抢救方法及护理措施.方法:回顾心脏介入术后发生急性心包填塞2例患者的抢救过程,总结抢救方法及护理措施.结果:行心包穿刺抽液术后,1例留置引流管5 d后拔管,1例留置引流管4 d后拔管,均痊愈出院.结论:做好术前准备工作,密切观察术中、术后患者的心率、心律、血压,重视其主诉,及时诊断,行心包穿刺是急性心包填塞抢救成功的关键.     

心脏介入术后心包填塞的急救护理体会

总结了近5年本科行心脏介入术后发生心包填塞的临床表现及急救护理体会,针对急性心包填塞发生时,及时给予X线引导下紧急实施经皮Seldinger法行心包穿刺及置管引流,同时给予面罩吸氧、快速补液、多巴胺维持血压等治疗方法,9名患者得到治愈出院。急性心包填塞是心血管介入治疗手术的严重并发症,术后对患者的观察护理对早期识别起着非常重要的作用,及时发现,积极处理,为抢救患者争取到最佳的治疗时间。     

心脏直视术后迟发性心包填塞的观察与护理

总结5例心脏直视术后迟发性心包填塞的观察与护理。护理重点为心脏直视术后密切病情观察,对术前心脏功能差的患者做好心包填塞风险评估,定期行心脏超声及X线胸部检查,做好心包引流的观察及护理。5例患者经治疗及护理,均康复出院。     

体外循环心内直视术后并发急性心包填塞的观察与护理

目的探讨体外循环心内直视术后并发急性心包填塞的观察与护理要点。方法回顾性分析本院2006年7月～2011年7月实施体外循环心内直视术后出现心包填塞15例患者的临床资料,并总结术后观察和护理要点。结果15例患者经过及时对症治疗和护理后,血流动力学恢复稳定,无1例死亡。结论心内直视术后心包填塞的主要原因是术后纵膈出血过多,可伴有心包液引流不畅,而积极的观察和及时正确做好纵膈引流管护理是防治急性心包填塞的关键。     

心脏介入治疗中并发急性心脏压塞的抢救和护理体会

目的 总结心脏介入性治疗中发生急性心脏压塞抢救成功和失败的护理经验。方法 回顾性分析我院1986年1月至2004年5月1818例心脏介入手术导致急性心脏压塞的资料。结果 5例患者在介入治疗术中或术后即刻出现急性心脏压症状，发0．28％，4例经心包穿刺引流和积极抢救成功，1例因射频导管消融导致左心房穿孔．心包穿刺失败，抢救无效死亡。结论 急性心脏压塞是心脏病介入性治疗操作中可危及生命的严重并发症，及早发现病情变化，积极抢救与护理能使病人转危为安。     

心脏介入诊疗并发心包填塞的急救与护理

目的总结心脏介入诊疗中发生急性心包填塞并发症时的急救与护理。方法回顾分析我院近6年来于心脏介入诊疗过程中发生的15例心包填塞病例的救治经过,总结抢救经验及护理心得。结果 15例患者中,3例生命体征平稳,未行心包穿刺;12例经补液、升压后,生命体征仍不稳定,行紧急心包穿刺引流,其中9例出血逐渐停止,2例内科处理无效转送心外科开胸修补止血,1例患者抢救无效死亡。结论完善的术前准备,密切的介入护理,积极地补液、升压,必要时心包穿刺,是有效抢救心包填塞并发症的关键。     

1例冠心病介入治疗中并发急性心包填塞的抢救护理

冠状动脉破裂导致的急性心包填塞是一种较少发生但可危及生命的严重并发症。现将我院1例行冠心病介入治疗（PCI）患者并发冠状动脉破裂致急性心包填塞的术中抢救护理报告如下。     

心脏介入术中急性心包填塞的救治

目的 探讨心脏介入治疗过程中急性心包填塞的临床救治.方法 对21例心脏介入性操作相关的急性心包填塞患者临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 21例急性心包填塞患者,其中行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)11例;射频消融术6例;房间隔缺损封堵术1例;二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)1例;临时起搏器安装术2例.抢救成功18例,未遗留严重后遗症.死亡3例,2例为PCI相关的急性心包填塞,l例为临时起搏器安装导致.结论 任何心脏介入性操作都可能引起急性心包填塞,早期识别和果断处理是成功救治的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To provide clinical experience in the treatment and prevention of complicated acute cardiac tamponade in the course of heart interventional therapy. Methods To analyse the clinical features of patients with acute cardiac tamponade and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. Results Twenty-one cases experienced acute cardiac tamponade when undergoing heart interventional therapy. Among all the 21 patients with acute cardiac tamponade, 11 occurred from percutaneous coronary interention(PCI) ,6 from the radiofrequency catheter ablation , 1 from the closure of atrial rspetal with amplaty closure service, 1 from the percutaeous balloon mitral valvuloplasty ( PBMV), 2 from temporary pacemaker implantation. Eighteen patients were successfully rescued left no serious sequelae. Three cased died, including two PCI-related death and one temporary-pacemaker-installation-related death. Conclusion Any heart interventional operation is at the risk to cause acute cardiac tamponade. Early identification and appropriate treatment is the key to successful rescue.     

心脏介入治疗患者并发心脏压塞的早期识别与抢救护理

目的总结心脏介入治疗患者并发心脏压塞的早期识别、急救与护理措施。方法回顾性分析12例介入性治疗导致心脏压塞患者的临床资料。结果介入性治疗术中立即出现心脏填塞症状患者6例,迟发症状6例;12例患者均经心包穿刺引流,其中11例心脏压塞解除。救治成功11例,死亡1例。结论早期识别和果断处理是成功救治心脏压塞患者的关键;心包穿刺引流是缓解心脏压塞的首选方法;详细的术前指导和术中术后密切观察病情对早期识别及赢得宝贵的抢救时间至关重要。     

A case report of pacemaker lead perforation causing late pericardial effusion and subacute cardiac tamponade

Despite medical therapy, the overall prognosis for heart failure (HF) remains poor with high rates of sudden death and death from progressive HF. Device-based therapies offer considerable promise both for the relief of symptoms and for improving prognosis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is a relatively new and effective treatment for patients with moderate to severe systolic HF and ventricular dyssynchrony. Clinical trials have demonstrated an improvement in quality of life, improved exercise tolerance, decreased HF hospitalizations, and improved survival. Complication rates for patients receiving cardiac pacemakers are relatively low. Although rare, cardiac tamponade caused by myocardial perforation during pacing lead insertion usually occurs a short time after the procedure. This case study discusses a patient who presented with cardiac tamponade 4 months after pacemaker implant. A small perforation of the right atrial lead caused a slow effusion into the pericardial sac. The patient's unusual presentation, hospital course, pathophysiology, and treatment for cardiac tamponade are discussed.     

Cardiac tamponade as complication of active-fixation atrial lead perforations: proposed mechanism and management algorithm

BACKGROUND: Cardiac tamponade is a rare complication after implantation of dual chamber pacemaker or defibrillator systems. Its pathophysiology and optimal management are not currently well established. METHODS: Three cases of cardiac tamponade following successful implantation of transvenous dual chamber pacemakers with active-fixation atrial leads were identified. RESULTS: All three patients with post-implant cardiac tamponade were suspected to have the same etiology of bleeding into the pericardial space. This was due to protrusion of the helix of the active-fixation atrial pacing lead through the atrial wall with subsequent abrasion of visceral pericardial layer and bleeding from the atrium through the perforation. In two patients, the perforation sites were visualized and repaired during open thoracotomy in the operating room. The third patient underwent lead repositioning under fluoroscopic guidance in the electrophysiology laboratory. CONCLUSION: Based on the reviewed cases, we describe the pathophysiology of, and recommend a safe conservative algorithm for, the management of cardiac tamponade after successful transvenous lead implantation. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis with placement of the pericardial drain followed by lead repositioning under fluoroscopic guidance with surgical backup appears to be safe and effective.     

Hypovolemia-induced Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Hypothyroidism

Background

Pericardial effusion occurs frequently in patients with hypothyroidism and is typically mild. Although extremely uncommon, massive pericardial effusion can compromise hemodynamics and cause cardiac tamponade. Reduced plasma volume has been reported to induce cardiac tamponade in massive pericardial effusion, but to our knowledge, hypovolemia-induced cardiac tamponade has not been reported in cases of hypothyroidism with pericardial effusion.

Objectives

We describe a case of hypothyroidism with cardiac tamponade due to an uncommon cause that, to our knowledge, has never been reported.

Case Report

A 64-year-old woman with untreated hypothyroidism presented with acute abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. The patient experienced shock and cardiac arrest during the examination. Massive pericardial effusion was detected and cardiac tamponade was diagnosed. We suspected that the pericardial effusion was pre-existing due to an 11-year history of untreated hypothyroidism. On presentation, there was no hemodynamic compromise. Watery diarrhea persisted and intravenous fluid supplementation may have been inadequate. Hypovolemia developed and induced cardiac tamponade in the presence of the massive pericardial effusion. Successful resuscitation was achieved after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, aggressive intravenous fluid supplementation, and immediate pericardiocentesis.

Conclusion

Pericardiocentesis is indicated for hypothyroid patients with cardiac tamponade. We recommend the use of small, multi-hole catheters and daily measurement of drainage fluid. If the pericardial effusion does not resolve, a pericardial window with chest tube drainage should be performed.     

心内直视术后心包填塞和出血的早期诊治及原因分析

目的　分析 2 6例心内直视术后心包填塞和出血的临床特点 ,探讨其发生原因、预防、救治及其二次开胸的早期指征。方法　本研究就 2 0 0 0 - 0 1～ 2 0 0 2 - 0 7心内直视术 (共 170 3例 )后 2 6例二次开胸 (发生率 1 2 7% )病例进行总结分析。结果　据二次开胸手术证实结果 ,分为心包填塞组 (其中急性心包填塞 11例 ,延迟性心包填塞 2例 )和活动性出血组 (13例 )。患者经再次开胸解除心包填塞或手术止血后 2 3例痊愈出院 ,3例死亡 (其中急性心包填塞 2例 ,活动性出血组 1例 )。急性心包填塞组其pH、BE、SP、DP、尿量显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,CVP、HR显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。延迟性心包填塞发生于术后 4d ,其PaO2 进行性下降 ,CVP进行性升高 (P <0 0 5 )。活动性出血组术后其SP、DP、尿量显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,HR升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,pH、PaCO2 、PaO2 、HCO-3 、BE无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。与急性心包填塞组比较 ,活动性出血组心包和纵隔引流管水柱波动良好 ,引流量显著增多 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术前PT和INR明显延长 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　急性心包填塞和活动性出血是心内直视术后严重并发症 ,主要表现为循环系统不稳定 ,延迟性心包填塞主要表现为PaO2 下降 ,CVP显著升高 ;术前PT和INR明显延长 ,可能参与其     

A Retrospective Study of Perioperative Nursing Care of Patients After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

PurposeTo describe the retrospective audit examining nursing care of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated by percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (PLAAC).DesignPLAAC is a new technique for patients with atrial fibrillation unsuited for long-term oral anticoagulation treatment. The nursing care for patients treated by PLAAC has not yet been standardized.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 259 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who underwent PLAAC in our department between August 2014 and June 2018. The data included preoperative evaluations, discussions, and preparations, including psychological care and atrial thrombosis screening; postoperative observations, including electrocardiograph monitoring; prevention and care of complications; administration of postoperative anticoagulation therapy; and postoperative education, including detailed discharge guidance and regular follow-up.FindingsAll patients were discharged after 5-10 days of hospitalization. In the perioperative period, 4 cases (1.5%) developed serious complications, including 3 cases (1.2%) of delayed cardiac tamponade, cured by pericardial drainage, and 1 case of a suspected air embolism, which spontaneously recovered. During a mean follow-up period of 25.9 ± 7.9 months, all patients had good adherence to medical instructions and there were no cases of occluder displacement or shedding, thromboembolism, or severe bleeding complications.ConclusionsThe best therapeutic effect of PLAAC is strongly associated with the preoperative and postoperative training of nursing staff and the development of standard nursing procedures, including the establishment of observation and nursing manuals for complications. This study provides nursing practice information to aid in the standardization of nursing procedures for this new type of interventional therapy.