10例肺隐球菌病的临床分析

摘要：目的 总结分析10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床特点,提高对肺隐球菌病的诊治水平。方法 分析广东省佛山市第四人民医院2006-2010年间10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床、影像学表现、实验室检查、病理及确诊方法、疗效等。 结果 （1）10例原发性肺隐球菌病,有基础疾病者5例,有临床症状者8例,主要表现为咳嗽、发热、咯血,影像学表现不典型,呈多样性,7例经皮肺穿刺病理检查确诊,3例经手术病理确诊。（2）治疗采用氟康唑治疗。3例行手术切除后口服氟康唑,另7例均行氟康唑治疗,治愈7例,好转2例,疗程6～12个月不等。结论 原发性肺隐球菌病临床和影像学表现不典型,呈多样性,应积极行肺活检以明确诊断,肺隐球菌病单用氟康唑抗真菌治疗效果良好。     

原发性肺隐球菌病10例临床分析

目的总结分析10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床特点。方法分析我院10例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床、影像学表现、实验室检查、病理及确诊方法、疗效等。结果①10例原发性肺隐球菌病,男6例,女4例,有基础疾病者2例,有临床症状者8例,主要表现为胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰、痰中带血、发热,影像学表现为结节肿块型1例,肺炎型4例,混合病变型5例,全部病例均经病理确诊。②治疗采用手术切除病灶和(或)氟康唑治疗。1例行手术切除后口服氟康唑,另9例均行氟康唑治疗,治愈6例,好转4例,有效率100%,疗程1～12月不等。结论原发性肺隐球菌病临床和影像学表现不典型,呈多样性,应积极行肺活检以协助诊断,肺隐球菌病单用氟康唑抗真菌治疗效果良好。     

肺隐球菌病并发纵隔淋巴结结核误诊一例——病例报告及文献复习

肺隐球菌病是一种吸入隐球菌孢子而引起的肺急性、亚急性或慢性真菌病,易播散至中枢神经系统而导致隐球菌性脑膜炎,病死率和致残率高。近年肺隐球菌病的发病率呈增长趋势。肺隐球菌病的临床症状及体征、肺部影像学及实验室检查均缺乏特异性,因此极易漏诊、误诊。河北省胸科医院病理科近期会诊一例肺隐球菌病并发纵隔淋巴结结核患者,曾在外院就诊时经影像学及临床检查误诊为肺癌,术后病理误诊为肺结核,经我院会诊其病理切片及进行辅助检查(特殊染色、结核分枝杆菌核酸检测)后最终明确诊断。现结合相关文献回顾性分析其临床、影像及病理特点,以期提高其诊断水平,避免误诊误治。     

原发性肺隐球菌病2例分析并文献复习

目的了解原发性肺隐球菌病的临床特征、影像学资料、病理，以提高认识水平。方法报告2例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料，并通过检索系统的文献共70余篇，总结其临床表现、影像学特点、诊断方法及治疗手段。结果肺隐球菌病的临床表现无特异，影像学改变有差异，诊断依赖病理学，治疗尚存在争议。结论肺隐球菌病的发病率逐年增高，经皮肺穿刺活检是一种简单有效的诊断方法。     

21例原发性肺隐球菌病诊治体会

目的通过回顾性分析21例原发性肺隐球菌病例,提高肺隐球菌病的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2005年1月-2012年12月期间收治的21例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料。结果 21例患者临床表现均缺乏特异性;肺部CT表现:61.9%表现为单发或多发结节、肿块影,23.8%表现为肺部浸润实变影,15.7%为混合病灶。所有患者血清乳胶凝集试验均呈阳性。确诊患者11例,其中开胸手术确诊2例,TBLB确诊1例,CT引导肺穿刺活检确诊7例,穿刺液培养阳性1例;临床诊断10例。所有患者均未合并隐球菌脑膜炎。在接受氟康唑和氟胞嘧啶治疗3月后,所有患者肺部病灶均明显吸收。结论原发性肺隐球菌病临床表现无特异性,确诊主要依靠病理,应优先考虑采用CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术获取病理组织;血清乳胶凝集试验对诊断具有重要价值,结合患者的影像学表现和治疗反应可进行临床诊断。     

肺球孢子菌感染一例并文献复习

目的 提高对肺球孢子菌病的认识.方法 结合1例肺球孢子菌病患者的临床资料及诊治经过并复习相关文献,对球孢子菌病的临床表现、病理结果及治疗进行分析.结果 患者男,74岁,因"体检发现双肺占位性病变9个月,咳嗽2周"于2009年2月10日收入南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸内科.患者9个月前体格检查发现双肺多发占位性病变,于2008年6月17日在外院行肺穿刺活检,病理结果提示隐球菌感染,给予氟康唑治疗6个月后,复查胸部CT病灶无明显改变.入院后13 d行胸腔镜下双肺楔形切除术,术后病理结果提示球孢子菌病、孢子菌瘤形成.术后先后给予伏立康唑和氟康唑治疗共6个月,复查胸部CT未见复发.结论 原发性肺球孢子菌病少见,临床表现不典型,其病理所见易与隐球菌混淆.随着免疫抑制剂的广泛使用,本病可能会逐渐增多,临床医生应提高对该病的认识.     

肺隐球菌病的临床特点及诊治分析

目的分析肺隐球菌病的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾分析23例确诊肺隐球菌病患者的高危因素、临床表现、影像学特点、确诊方法及治疗转归。结果原发性肺隐球菌病21例（91．3％）,继发性2例（8．7％）,合并基础疾病5例（21．7％）。主要症状为咳嗽13例（56．5％）和胸痛9例（39．1％）。影像学主要表现为单发或多发结节／肿块18例（78．3％）,主要分布在肺下叶（12例）。10例经皮穿刺肺活检确诊,12例经外科手术组织病理学确诊。行氟康唑治疗20例中（外科切除病灶10例）,18例痊愈。结论原发性肺隐球菌病较为常见,影像学特点对诊断有一定的提示意义。经皮穿刺肺活检是经济、安全、有效的确诊措施,氟康唑治疗疗效较好。     

肺原发性隐球菌病患者临床病理及影像学特征分析

目的探讨肺原发性隐球菌病的肺组织病理学特征、影像学表现及鉴别诊断。方法收集2011年-2018年广东医科大学附属医院确诊并收治的30例肺原发性隐球菌病患者临床资料,对其肺组织病理学特征(HE及特殊染色)、影像学检查等进行回顾性分析。结果 30例肺原发性隐球菌病中,男性18例,女性12例,年龄24～73岁,中位年龄55岁。临床症状多以咳嗽、咳痰、咳血为主;胸部X线检查常常表现为肺小结节影(19例),部分表现为分叶状或片状影(11例);CT检查常表现为肺不规则结节及类结节病变(22例),部分患者呈散在斑片状、磨玻璃样阴影伴小空洞形成(8例)。肺组织大体特征常不明显,肺组织切片HE染色后低倍镜观察呈肥皂泡样改变,高倍镜下可查见圆形或卵圆形的真菌,伴周围空晕形成,偶见上皮样肉芽肿形成及含有菌体的多核巨细胞;免疫组化现为PAS染色阳性、六胺银染色阳性均为97%,抗酸染色阴性率100%。结论肺原发性隐球菌病临床表现及影像学检查多无特异性,易误诊,通过肺组织病理学检查及特殊染色检查对该病的诊断具有重要意义。     

肺隐球菌病47例临床分析

目的总结肺隐球菌病患者的临床表现、影像学、病理、治疗,以探讨肺隐球菌病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2000年01月至2019年05月,病理确诊的47例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料。结果47例肺隐球菌病患者平均年龄50.4±13.5岁。32例患者咳嗽、咳痰,其中14例伴发热且均有基础疾病,2例患者长期口服激素合并隐球菌脑膜炎。所有患者病理诊断明确,肺组织可见肉芽肿伴多核巨细胞性反应及隐球菌孢子;。影像学表现为结节肿块型、实变影、混合型病变等。除2例合并脑膜炎患者控制欠佳外,其余患者给予氟康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B等治疗,预后良好。结论肺隐球菌病患者临床症状不典型。诊断需获得病理或病原学依据。根据免疫状态不同,需选择不同的治疗方案。     

21 例原发性肺隐球菌病诊治体会简

目的 通过回顾性分析21例原发性肺隐球菌病例,提高肺隐球菌病的诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月-2012年12月期间收治的21例肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料.结果 21例患者临床表现均缺乏特异性;肺部CT表现：61.9%表现为单发或多发结节、肿块影,23.8%表现为肺部浸润实变影,15.7%为混合病灶.所有患者血清乳胶凝集试验均呈阳性.确诊患者11例,其中开胸手术确诊2例,TBLB确诊1例,CT引导肺穿刺活检确诊7例,穿刺液培养阳性1例;临床诊断10例.所有患者均未合并隐球菌脑膜炎.在接受氟康唑和氟胞嘧啶治疗3月后,所有患者肺部病灶均明显吸收.结论 原发性肺隐球菌病临床表现无特异性,确诊主要依靠病理,应优先考虑采用CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术获取病理组织;血清乳胶凝集试验对诊断具有重要价值,结合患者的影像学表现和治疗反应可进行临床诊断.     

Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis: a case series of 9 patients

We retrospectively reviewed 9 consecutive cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis having no comorbidity. At diagnosis, seven had no subjective symptoms and two had subtle symptom. Chest CT scan showed nodular shadows in 8, while 3 cases had infiltrative shadows. Eight of the nine were diagnosed with histopathology obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy or CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy. We also assessed PHA and Con A lymphocyte stimulation tests to measure cellular immune function in 6, four of whom showed decreased reaction of lymphocytes. We successfully treated seven of the nine with fluconazole alone and used fluconazole as a maintenance regimen in two. No relapse or treatment failure was seen after completion of antifungal treatment. Six cases were seropositive for serum cryptococcus antigen titer at diagnosis and only one showed seroconversion. We concluded that the duration of therapy for primary pulmonary cryptococcosis should not be necessarily determined by serum cryptococcus antigen seroconversion.     

Case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis accompanied by severe back pain]

We report a case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. A 43-year-old male, without any significant underlying disease or immunological abnormalities, was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of sudden onset of severe back pain. His chest-X-ray and computed tomography revealed infiltrative shadows in the left lower lung without any signs of pleural effusion. Through transbronchial biopsy, cryptococcosis was obtained. Cryptococcal antigen also tested positive, we diagnosed this case as primary pulmonary cryptococcosis. And started anti-fungal therapy (fluconazole) consisting of parenteral and oral fluconazole. As soon as anti-fungal therapy was started, both the chest X-ray findings and cryptococcal antigen showed general improvement. Furthermore, subjective symptoms subsided immediately after treatment, During follow up through the outpatient clinic, his symptomatic complaint and chest roentgenogram shows improvements. This case was noteworthy for two reasons: 1) In cases with chest X-rays showing infiltrative shadows but lacking any underlying diseases, pulmonary cryptococcosis should be considered. 2) Sudden onset of back pain is a rare but a possible primary symptom of pulmonary cryptococcosis.     

原发性肺隐球菌病的临床特点及外科治疗

目的探讨原发性肺隐球菌病的临床特点与手术治疗。方法回顾性分析1996~2013年解放军总医院胸外科收治的27例原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床资料与随访结果结果 48%(13/27)的患者有全身或呼吸道症状。全部患者胸片及胸部CT误诊为肺癌、肺炎或结核。7例行FDG-PET检查,均表现为高代谢病灶。全部患者抗炎与抗痨治疗后病变无变化。3例穿刺确诊患者抗真菌治疗无法治愈。所有患者病变均手术切除。病灶切除术后16例未行抗真菌治疗,其中1例发生隐球菌性胸膜炎,经过抗真菌治疗后痊愈。全部病例随访无复发。结论原发性肺部隐球菌病的临床症状、化验检查、影像学表现均无特异性,容易误诊为肺癌或肺结核等疾病。除非病理确诊,均应手术切除,术式以局部切除为宜。     

Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis with endobronchial lesion]

A 19-year old man was admitted to our hospital with fever and productive cough. Chest X-ray films revealed multiple nodular shadows accompanied by a fusing tendency in the right middle field. A diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was indicated, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. However, because this failed to resolve the nodular shadows, bronchofibroscopy was performed. Examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed an elevated lesion in the truncus intermedius. Histopathologic examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy revealed cryptococcal organisms with the infiltration of monocytes. These findings yielded a diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis with endobronchial lesion. After 6 months of treatment with fluconazole, the multiple nodular shadows disappeared. Comparison of bronchoscopic findings before and after fluconazole treatment clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the therapy.     

Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis following cryptococcal infection of the lung

A 64-y-old male with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital because of a nodular shadow found by chest radiography. Pathological examination revealed pulmonary cryptococcosis, and he was positive for serum Cryptococcus antigen. After oral treatment with fluconazole, he experienced clinical and radiographic improvement, but during ensuing observation without antifungal treatment his respiratory symptoms gradually worsened. Chest radiography showed progressive infiltration around the cavity, and Aspergillus mold was isolated by transbronchial lung biopsy from the lesion where previous cryptococcal infection was present. In addition, serum antibodies to Aspergillus antigens were demonstrated by immunodiffusion. Thus, pulmonary aspergillosis was found to complicate a case of pulmonary cryptococcal infection.     

原发性肺隐球菌病临床与病理对照观察

目的探讨原发性隐球菌病（PC）的临床表现与病理变化特点。方法对23例肺原发性肺隐球菌病临床及病理资料进行对比分析,组织化学染色及光镜观察。结果23例中8例术前经肺穿刺活检明确诊断,15例开胸探查,病理证实为此真菌病,病理诊断5例为粘液胶样病变,炎性肉芽肿病变12例,结节状纤维肉芽肿病变6例,所有病例均检出新型隐球菌并行手术病灶切除,粘液卡红（Mc）,过碘酸雪夫染色（PAS）及六胺银（GMS）组织化学染色隐球菌呈阳性。术后3例并发隐球菌性脑膜炎,占本组病例13％（3／23）,本组病例术后经6周～3个月不同疗程的抗真菌治疗,术后随诊3个月～1年,均无隐脑及肺部复发。结论PC的临床与影像学表现均无特异性,肺穿刺活检病理检查有助于此病的诊断,术后应常规抗真菌治疗,以防发生隐脑与肺部复发。     

Six cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis]

Six patients with asymptomatic primary pulmonary Cryptococcosis are reported. In all of the patients, the disease was detected by annual chest X-ray during mass screening for lung cancer or during follow-up for pulmonary tuberculosis or gastric cancer. The chest X-ray findings consisted of a solitary pulmonary nodule in 4 patients and multiple pulmonary nodules in 2. Only one patient who could not be histologically diagnosed by bronchofiberscopy underwent surgical resection. However, the other 5 patients were histologically diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy with bronchofiberscopy. They were treated with oral antifungal agents, namely flucytosine (5-FC) and/or fluconazole, with marked improvement of chest X-ray findings. These results indicate that transbronchial biopsy with bronchofiberscopy and oral administration of antifungal agents instead of initial surgical resection are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.     

氟康唑体外不敏感隐球菌感染1例并耐药相关研究现状

<正>隐球菌是一种有荚膜包绕的酵母菌,常存在于鸟粪(尤其是鸽粪)、鼠粪、土壤、空气、水果、蔬菜中。引起人类感染的隐球菌主要是新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌,其中新型隐球菌可分为3个变种:格鲁比变种、新生变种和混合变种。隐球菌感染常见于免疫受损或免疫缺陷的患者,如艾滋病、恶性肿瘤、长期服用激素或免疫抑制剂的患者,但也可感染免疫功能正常的人~([1])。肺隐球菌病多由吸入环境中的新型隐球菌引起。本文报道1例氟康唑体外不敏感肺隐球菌病,并复习新型隐球菌耐药的相关