乳管内新生物活检联合乳头灌洗液CA153检测早期乳管内病变的研究

目的 探讨乳管镜直视下乳腺导管内活检联合乳头灌洗液CA153检测对早期乳管内病变的诊断价值。方法 收集2012年5月至2014年10月同济大学附属杨浦医院收治的行乳管镜检查的乳头溢液患者123例,对发现乳管内新生物的患者行导管内活检,并与导管切除术后病理诊断进行对照。同时收集行乳管镜活检患者的乳头灌洗液进行CA153检测,并与30例乳管扩张症患者的乳头灌洗液标本进行对照。结果 123例患者中共56例发现乳管内新生物,并行64次乳管镜下乳腺导管内活检及病变导管切除术。乳腺导管内活检显示,56例患者中导管内乳头状瘤28例、多发导管内乳头状瘤7例、导管上皮增生6例、导管上皮重度不典型增生2例和乳腺癌7例。另有6例活检失败,活检成功率为89.3％。病变导管切除术后病理诊断：单发导管内乳头状瘤29例、多发导管内乳头状瘤11例、导管上皮增生8例、导管上皮不典型增生1例、导管内癌4例、浸润性导管癌2例和导管内乳头状癌1例。30例乳管扩张症患者乳头灌洗液的CA153水平为（26.90±2.76）U／ml,低于乳头溢液导管镜检G3级的（31.91±22.95）U／ml,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;与G4级的（52.67±33.63）U／ml和G5级的（85.68±21.13）U／ml比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 乳管镜直视下乳腺导管内活检是微创、安全、方便可行、成功率高的诊断方法,联合乳头灌洗液进行CA153检测对于诊断早期乳管内恶性病变有一定的参考价值。     

乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的:评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值.方法:应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较.结果:115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例.术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例.2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张.3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例.结论:乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法.     

乳管镜在乳腺导管隆起性病变中的诊断价值

目的：评价纤维乳管镜在乳头溢液中诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变的价值。方法：应用BladeFVY-780型纤维乳管镜,配备FVS检查系统对115例乳头溢液病人进行检查诊断,手术病例与术后病理诊断作比较。结果：115例乳头溢液病人发现乳管内隆起性病变53例,导管内乳头状瘤28例,导管内乳头状瘤病24例,乳腺癌1例。术后病理证实导管内乳头状瘤26例,导管内乳头状瘤病21例,乳腺导管内癌1例。2例导管内乳头状瘤诊断为导管扩张。3例导管内乳头状瘤病诊为单发乳管内乳头状瘤,乳腺癌1例。结论：乳管镜能明确乳头溢液病因,确定病变部位,在诊断乳腺导管隆起性病变中准确率高,是诊断以乳头溢液为症状的乳腺导管隆起性病变的首选检查方法。     

乳头溢液患者143例临床及病理分析

 目的　探讨乳头溢液的诊断方法以及导管造影在乳头溢液诊断中的意义。方法　回顾性分析143例乳头溢液患者的临床特征及病理情况,分析溢液涂片、B型超声检查及全数字化乳腺导管造影摄片与导管镜对导管内病变的检出情况。结果　143例患者中,双侧溢液20例,共计163侧。病理检查结果：导管内乳头状瘤69侧,导管内乳头状瘤病27侧,导管内乳头状瘤病伴不典型增生21侧,乳腺癌23侧（双侧1例）,乳腺病23侧。导管造影导管内病变检出率83.1 %,导管镜检查导管内病变检出率93.5 %。结论　临床体检应重视乳头溢液检查,淡黄色溢液或血性溢液应特别重视,纤维导管镜直视诊断准确率高,但乳腺导管造影简便、可靠,可作为主要诊断方法之一。     

乳头溢液的影像学诊断

目的：评价乳腺导管造影和钼靶X线平片摄影在乳头溢液患者诊断中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析50例乳头溢液患者的钼靶X线检查资料，所有病例均经临床检查，钼靶X线平片摄影、乳腺导管造影检查及病理学检查确诊。结果：良性病变47例，其中乳腺导管内乳头状瘤35例，乳腺囊性增生病7例，导管扩张5例；乳腺导管癌3例；乳头溢液伴肿块者19例。乳腺钼靶X线平片摄影发现14例乳头溢液伴肿块者X线表现异常，乳腺导管造影发现导管内乳头状瘤28例（28／35），乳腺增生病2例（2／7），导管扩张症4例（4／5），乳腺导管癌1例（1／3）。结论：乳腺导管造影用于诊断乳腺导管系统疾病较为准确可靠，乳腺钼靶X线平片摄影对乳头溢液的诊断价值不大，一定条件下两者可联合应用。     

乳管内窥镜在乳头溢液诊治中的临床应用(附1 000例分析)

背景与目的：乳头溢液是乳腺科门诊常见的症状，而临床上大约有1％的乳腺癌是乳头溢液为首发症状，大量临床摸不到的肿块的乳头溢液患者进行筛检可以早起发现乳腺癌，1997年国内发展新科技一乳腺纤维导管内视镜，用一根外径0．7mm光导镜，自乳头溢液管151插入，用过内视镜成像技术观察并记录乳腺导管内正常及异常病变情况，优势在于不仅诊断敏感性较高（〉90％），而且还行准确定位，用于早期诊断乳腺导管内疾病及早期乳腺癌。本研究评估纤维导管内窥镜在无肿块的乳头溢液诊断及治疗的临床价值。方法：用纤维导管内窥镜对1000例乳腺溢液患者进行检查和治疗。结果：本研究对1000例无肿块乳头溢液患者检查发现早期乳腺癌33例（3．3％），乳头状瘤392例（39．2％），乳头状瘤病20例（2％），导管扩张伴慢性炎症480例（48％），正常导管75例（7．5％），活检吸取肿块8例，3例报告导管内癌，导管慢性炎药物冲洗220例（22％），手术患者453例。经病理证实与导管镜检查符合率90．7％。结论：乳管内窥镜可插入到5级乳腺导管，能早期发现乳腺癌，对部分导管慢性炎症可用药物冲洗治疗，乳管内窥镜定位、定性准确，乳管内窥镜对早期乳腺癌的诊断和治疗具有深远价值。     

纤维乳管内视镜在354例乳头溢液中的应用经验

目的:利用乳管内视镜对乳腺导管腔进行检查,直接观察乳腺导管内的病变,确定引起乳头溢液的乳腺疾病的性质,提供可以提高诊断准确性的方法.方法:利用纤维乳管镜FVS-3000M系统对354例乳头溢液患者进行检查,观察溢液导管及其分支的管腔和管壁结构,发现并确定病灶位置,记录病变导管的形态特征,必要时用活检针取组织送病检,对资料进行回顾性分析.结果:血性液和浆液血性液中乳头状瘤和乳头状瘤病占72.3%,乳腺导管癌占5.2%,22.5%为导管炎、导管扩张等;水样液中乳头状瘤和乳头状瘤病占56.0%,乳腺癌占8.0%;5例未发现异常的病例视为正常.结论:乳管内视镜可以明确引起乳头溢液疾病的病因、确定病变部位,从而提高早期乳腺癌的发现率.     

不伴肿物乳头溢液124例分析

 目的　深讨不伴肿物乳头溢液对检出早期乳腺癌及癌前病变的临床价值。方法　对124例不伴肿物乳头溢液患者(其中浆液性溢液47例,血性溢液74例,脓性3例),行手术治疗,先行病变导管切除,如为恶性,则行乳腺癌改良根治术。结果　本组病例良性者115例,占92.7%,其中乳腺导管内乳头状瘤和乳腺囊性增生病占79%;乳头状瘤(病)伴瘤细胞或导管上皮增生活跃(癌前病变)14例,占11.3%;乳腺癌9例,占7.3%,9例患者均为血性乳头溢液,占血性溢液之12.2%,均为临床早期癌(T0期乳腺癌)。结论　不伴肿物乳头溢液对检出早期乳腺癌及癌前病变有重要的临床价值。     

乳管镜在病理性乳头溢液诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨乳管内窥镜(FDS)在病理性乳头溢液疾病诊治中的临床应用价值,为其诊断和治疗提供依据。方法回顾2012年7月至2014年2月在宁夏医科大学总医院肿瘤医院行乳管镜检查的106例病理性乳头溢液患者的临床资料,对乳管内窥镜下所见和术后病理结果进行统计学分析。结果 106例均检查成功,乳管镜诊断乳腺导管扩张症42例(39.6%),导管内乳头状瘤58例(54.7%),导管内癌6例(5.7%)。共有68例乳头溢液患者接受了手术治疗。术后病理诊断符合率:导管内乳头状瘤84.5%(49/58),导管内癌83.3%(5/6),总符合率为84.4%。结论乳管镜是病理性乳头溢液最有效的检查方法,乳管镜能直接观察到乳管内病变,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

纤维乳管镜对乳腺导管内占位性病变的诊断及辅助手术治疗的应用价值

目的评价纤维乳管镜（FDS）对伴有乳头溢液的乳腺导管内占位性病变的诊治的应用价值。方法2005年9月至2009年12月本院采用FDS检查乳头溢液患者523例,发现乳腺导管内占位性病变209例（39．96％）。209例乳腺导管内占位性病变患者中,193例良性病变,均行手术治疗;16例恶性病变（乳头状瘤恶变6例,导管原位癌3例,浸润性导管癌6例,乳腺导管内乳头状瘤伴钙化、乳腺腺病重度非典型增生、局部癌变1例）分别行保留乳房手术5例,单纯乳腺切除术3例,乳腺癌改良根治术4例,乳腺癌改良根治术加假体即时置入术4例;所有手术采用FDS结合扩张探针定位法。所有病例均经病理证实。随访时间5～56个月（中位随访时间25月）。结果193例良性病变患者全部治愈,除2例患者失访外,其余无复发。16例恶性病变患者经治疗后,未发现复发、转移及死亡。结论应用FDS诊断乳腺导管内占位性病变有临床参考价值,辅助手术定位准确,有助于获得满意的手术治疗效果。     

乳管镜在多孔乳头溢液诊断及治疗中的应用价值

目的: 探讨乳管镜在双侧多孔乳头溢液诊断和治疗中的应用价值。 方法: 对29例双侧多孔乳头溢液患者进行乳管镜检查,发现乳管内肿瘤者给予手术治疗,对积乳症、乳管扩张症、闭塞性乳管炎患者给予经乳管镜介入治疗。 结果: 29例(79孔乳管)中,乳管内肿瘤者11例(乳管),占病例总数的(占所检乳管数)37.93%(13.92%),血性溢液11例中乳管内肿瘤9例,非血性溢液18例中乳管内肿瘤2例;切除病灶准确率100%,术后病理诊断符合率88.89%。 结论: 乳管镜检查有其直观性,术前定位准确,避免了手术的盲目性或切除范围过大;多数患者或乳管,尤其积乳症、闭塞性乳管炎及乳管扩张症的患者或乳管,经过经乳管镜冲洗及介入治疗可达到彻底治愈。     

Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge.

A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.     

乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤诊断及治疗中的应用

目的：评价乳管镜在乳腺导管内肿瘤临床诊治中的作用及应用价值。方法：我科2013年1月－2014年6月经门诊乳管镜诊治乳头溢液患者共1709人次,其中诊断为乳腺导管内肿瘤患者123例,在我科行手术治疗患者105人,回顾性分析其术前诊断、术后病检及治疗过程。结果：123例患者在乳管镜下见乳腺导管内肿瘤样病变,105人行病变导管及所属腺叶部分切除术,术后病检85例确诊为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤,5例确诊为乳腺导管内原位癌,3例确诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌,12例确诊为乳腺囊肿等其他良性病变。结论：乳管镜可早期发现乳腺导管内肿瘤,是诊治及手术定位的重要辅助手段。     

Value of Fiberoptic Ductoscopy in Diagnosing and Treating Multiporous Nipple Discharge

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of fiberoptic ductoscopy in diagnosing and treating bilateral and polyporous nipple discharge (ND).METHODS Fiberoptic ductoscopy was conducted in 29 patients with bilateral and polyporous ND.After the ductoscopy,the patients with intraductal papilloma (IDP) underwent a surgical procedure,and the others,identified with galactostasis,mammary duct ectasia (MDE) and obstructive galactophoritis (OG),received a ductoscopy-guided interventional therapy. RESULTS Among 29 cases,and with 79 galactophores examined,IDP was found in 11 cases (37.9% of the total cases),or 13.9% of the galactopores examined.IDP was found in 9 of 11 cases with a bloody nipple discharge,while IDP was seen in 2 of the 18 cases with a non-bloody nipple discharge.The excision accuracy achieved 100% in the cases,and postoperative pathological diagnosis accordance rate reached 88.9%. CONCLUSION Fiberoptic ductoscopy has many features such as ability to see the lesion,and accurate preoperative localization,thus eliminating excessive excision of tissue during surgery.For most patients with ND,especially those suffering galactostasis,OG or MDE,washout under fiberoptic ductoscopy and interventional therapy may achieve a thorough cure of the disease.     

纤维乳管镜下乳管内占位病变的诊断及定位技术

目的：探讨纤维乳管镜（fiberopticductoscopy，FDS）对乳管内占位病变的诊断和定位价值。方法：分析我院2006年8月至2008年5月经纤维乳管镜检查诊断为乳管内占位病变并接受手术治疗的61例乳头溢液病例，对比并评价不同手术定位方式的手术效果。结果：本组病例中35例行定位针术中定位手术切除病灶，病理检出率为97．1％（34／35）。26例经溢液乳管内美蓝注入，选择性区段切除病灶，病理检出率为73．I％（19／26）。定位针术中定位组病理检出率明显高于美蓝注入组（P=0．018）。结论：纤维乳管镜是乳管内占位病变的可靠诊断方法，在其引导下行定位针术中定位切除病变的方法具有良好的临床应用价值。     

Intraductal papilloma with bloody discharge from montgomery’s areolar tubercle examined by ductoscopy from the areola

A patient with intraductal papilloma who had abnormal bloody discharge from Montgomery's areolar tubercle underwent mammary ductography, mammary ductoscopy from the tubercle, and microdochectomy.A 43-year-old woman who was being followed-up for left breast cancer noticed bloody discharge from Montgomery's areolar tubercle of the right breast. Because the discharge continued for 2 months, further examinations were conducted. Mammary ductoscopy of Montgomery's areolar tubercle showed a normal internal duct structure. The presence of yellowish superficial lesions suggested intraductal inflammation or superficial hyperplasia of the duct epithelium. Lavage cytology revealed benign papillary lesions. Since the discharge continued and we could not completely exclude malignancy, microdochectomy was performed. Histologically a lactiferous duct was connected to Montgomery's areolar tubercle and an intraductal papilloma was seen in part and considered to have caused the bloody discharge. Bloody discharge from Montgomery's areola tubercles is extremely rare, the present case was our first experience with ductoscopy of Montgomery's areolar tubercle out of 641 cases of mammary ductoscopy performed on patients with bloody nipple discharge from 1998 to 2004. In our case, Montgomery's areolar tubercles were connected to a lactiferous duct. Although there are a few breast carcinomas that cause bloody discharge and eruption of areola, areolar preservation should be performed with the knowledge that disease may also involve the areola through the lactiferous ducts.     

乳管镜用于乳腺导管内乳头状瘤的临床诊治研究

目的:评价纤维乳管镜对乳管内乳头状瘤类疾病的诊断及治疗作用。方法:选取我科2009年8月-2011年8月经乳管镜诊断为导管内乳头状瘤患者144例,其中血性溢液78例,褐色溢液51例,深黄色溢液15例。回顾性分析其术前诊断及治疗过程。结果:所有病例在乳管镜下可见导管内肿物,并经镜下定位行病变腺叶切除,术后病理132例诊断为乳管内乳头状瘤,7例诊断为原位癌,3例为早期浸润性癌。结论:纤维光导乳管镜可准确诊断乳管内乳头状瘤,并进行定位切除。对此类疾病的诊治有重要应用价值。     

乳导管镜联合麦默通在微创切除乳腺管内微小肿物中的应用

目的：探讨超声引导下乳导管镜联合麦默通微创旋切系统在切除乳腺导管内微小肿物中的应用价值。方法：60例于我科就诊的乳头溢液病例,溢液涂片中见到增生细胞,细胞学1—2级。经乳管镜诊断为乳腺导管内微小肿物的女性患者,在超声引导下行乳导管镜联合麦默通微创旋切术,术后随访3—6个月。结果：60例乳腺导管内微小肿块在乳导管镜及彩超指引下麦默通微创旋切完整切除,病理结果阳性率100％,其中2例为导管内原位癌,1例为浸润性导管癌,其余均为导管内乳头状瘤,术后59例患者无手术疤痕。结论：超声引导下乳腺导管镜联合麦默通微创旋切乳腺导管内微小肿物具有定位准确、病理诊断明确、切除完整率高、创伤小、美观等优点。     

Mammary ductoscopy and watchful follow-up substitute microdochectomy in patients with bloody nipple discharge

Purpose

In order to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mammary ductoscopy and watchful follow-up for treating bloody nipple discharge, we investigated the incidence of cancer evolving from the location related to the affected duct and the disappearance of nipple discharge.

Patients and methods

Between April 1998 and March 2008, we assessed 709 lesions among 624 patients without a diagnosis of malignancy at the time of 6 months after mammary ductoscopy. The median follow-up time was 5.5 years. We reviewed the subjects’ charts retrospectively and investigated the dates on which discharge-related cancer was diagnosed and the disappearance of discharge was noted after the initial examination with mammary ductoscopy.

Results

The incidence of cancer evolving from the location related to the pathological duct was 11 % (78/709). Nipple discharge disappeared in 480 (85.1 %) of the 564 followed up lesions, with the exception of 78 breast cancers and 67 resected benign lesions. The rate of disappearance for nipple discharge in the cases of intraductal papilloma at the first examination was 82.5 %. In cases in which no obvious lesions were observed on mammary ductoscopy, there was a 90 % probability that the nipple discharge would disappear, and the rate of evolving breast cancer in the cases of atypical papillary lesions at the first examination was significantly higher than that observed in the cases of intraductal papilloma, at 50 and 8.9 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Information revealed by mammary ductoscopy is useful for differentiating patients who should be subjected to intensive examinations and those who should expect disappearance of their discharge. Mammary ductoscopy and watchful follow-up can substitute microdochectomy in patients with bloody nipple discharge.

     

乳管内视镜下病理活检的诊断价值

对乳头溢液患者行乳管内视镜检查,选择部分病例行镜下活检。与术后组织学对照,统计其诊断符合率。共选择89例患者行镜下活检,有67例在本院手术,与术后病理诊断符合率940%(63/67)。其中,活检诊断为导管内乳头状瘤49例,与术后病理诊断符合率939%(46/49);乳腺导管内癌5例,与术后病理诊断符合率5/5。乳腺导管炎11例,与术后病理诊断符合率909%(10/11);乳腺导管扩张2例,与术后病理诊断符合率2/2;初步研究结果提示,乳管内视镜下病理活检对乳管内病变可作出明确的诊断和定位,对乳头溢液的病因诊断及治疗则具有非常重大的意义。