低浓度小剂量罗比卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛

本文观察低浓度小剂量罗比卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床效果。资料与方法将 30例无产科、麻醉禁忌证的初产妇 (观察组 ) ,在宫口开大 2～ 4ｃｍ时给于硬膜外麻醉 (Ｌ3～ 4 间隙穿刺 ,向头侧置硬膜外导管 3 5ｃｍ)。先注 1%利多卡因 3ｍｌ,观察 5分钟无脊麻阻滞和局麻药中毒征象后注射混合液 [0 1%罗比卡因+0 0 0 0 2 5 %芬太尼 (2 5 μｇ/ｍｌ) +1∶2 0万肾上腺素 ]3～5ｍｌ,感觉平面控制在Ｔ10 以下。当阻滞作用消退或镇痛不满意时追加 3～ 5ｍｌ。可重复追加。宫口开全后停止给药。另 30例条件相仿自然分娩初产妇作对照组。比较…     

不同浓度罗比卡因伍用芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

目的　采用不同浓度的罗比卡因伍用小剂量芬太尼作硬膜外分娩镇痛 ,探讨较适宜的药物浓度 (RP)。方法　选择足月、单胎头位初产妇 12 0例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分成四组 ,每组 30例。所用药物 :A组 0 0 75 %罗比卡因 ;B组 0 12 5 %罗比卡因 ;C组 0 2 %罗比卡因 ,每组均加 2 μg/ml芬太尼 ;D组为对照组 ,未行分娩镇痛 ,于产程进展宫口开 3cm时 ,行硬膜外腔穿刺置管 ,首次剂量 8～ 12ml;30min后 ,连接PCA泵 ,维持量为 5～ 12ml/h持续硬膜外腔输注至宫口开全停药 ,PCA剂量 4ml,锁定时间 2 0min。用视觉模拟评分 (VAS)和改良Bromage评分评估镇痛、运动神经阻滞情况 ,观察记录各组产妇的生命体征、产程时间、分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分。 结果A、B、C与D组相比 ,产妇用药后VAS评分均明显降低 ,且A、B、C组第一产程均较对照组明显缩短 (P <0 0 1)。但A组的镇痛效果欠佳 ,VAS评分高于B、C组 (P <0 0 1)。C组的难产率较高 ,与对照组相比有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。B组镇痛效果最满意。宫口扩张速度和胎头下降速度较快 ,分娩中产妇的BP、HR、RR平稳 ,对产程和分娩方式及新生儿Apgar评分均无明显影响 ,联合用药可减少局麻药用量。结论　 0 12 5 %罗比卡因伍以芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛对产程影响小 ,镇痛效果确     

不同浓度罗比卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外镇痛泵分娩镇痛的观察

我们将三种不同浓度罗比卡因复合芬太尼用于硬膜外持续镇痛泵分娩镇痛，现报道如下。     

罗比卡因硬膜外腔阻滞在分娩镇痛中的应用

目的　观察不同浓度罗比卡因应用于分娩镇痛的安全性与有效性 ,并与布比卡因进行比较。方法　选择足月、单胎、头位初产妇 88例 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,其中自愿接受分娩镇痛 48例 ,随机分为四组 (n =12 ) :(1) 0 2 %布比卡因 (B组 ) ;(2 ) 0 2 %罗比卡因 (R组 ) ;(3) 0 1%罗比卡因 +芬太尼 2 μg/ml间断注药 (RF组 ) ;(4) 0 1%罗比卡因 +芬太尼 2 μg/ml持续用药 (RFC组 )。对照组 40例未行分娩镇痛。于产程进展宫口开至 3cm时 ,行硬膜外腔穿刺置管 ,首次剂量 8～ 12ml。B组、R组和RF组按需追加 5～ 8ml/次 ,RFC组在给首量后半小时 ,用输液泵将维持量以 5～ 7ml/h持续硬膜外腔输注至宫口开全停药。结果　行分娩镇痛各组产妇用药后VAS评分均明显降低 ,感觉减退平面均在T10 以下 (T10 ～S4 ) ,Bromage评分均为 0级。罗比卡因各组宫口扩张速率和胎头下降速率较快。对产程和分娩方式和母胎均无明显影响。联合用药可减少局麻药用量。结论　罗比卡因应用于分娩镇痛对产程影响较小 ,联合用药更加优越 ,持续输注实施简便     

甲磺酸罗比卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛

盐酸罗比卡因是1994年瑞典研制开发的一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药,因其具有较小的心脏毒性而广泛用于硬膜外麻醉和分娩镇痛。甲磺酸罗比卡因是将盐酸罗比卡因的盐酸根改为甲磺酸根后的一种国产新型酰胺类局麻药。本研究比较低浓度甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床效果。盐酸罗比卡因是1994年瑞典研制开发的一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药,因其具有较小的心脏毒性而广泛用于硬膜外麻醉和分娩镇痛。甲磺酸罗比卡因是将盐酸罗比卡因的盐酸根改为甲磺酸根后的一种国产新型酰胺类局麻药。本研究比较低浓度甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合芬太尼用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床效果。     

0.125%及0.2%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因用于分娩镇痛的比较

目的：比较０．１２５％及０．２％罗比卡因与０．１２５％布比卡因在病人自控硬膜外镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）分娩镇痛中应用的临床效果。方法：９０例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级足月初产妇，随机分为三组。Ａ组采用０．１２５％罗比卡因（ｎ＝３０）；Ｂ组采用０．２％罗比卡因（ｎ＝３０）；Ｃ组采用０．１２５％布比卡因（ｎ＝３０）。三组均加入芬在μｇ／ｍｌ。首剂负荷量给予１０ｍｌ。采用电子镇痛泵调节持续量为５ｍｌ／ｈ，单次按压量每次２ｍｌ，锁定时间为１５分钟。于宫口开至８～９ｃｍ时再给药１０ｍｌ，宫口开全后停用麻醉药。结果：三组均能提供安全有效的分娩镇痛，产程时间无延长，阴道助产率无增加，剖宫产率显著下降，对胎儿、新生儿无不良影响。两组罗比卡因与布比卡因组比较，缩短产程时间明显，催产素使用率及阴道器械助产率无增加，对产妇下肢活动影响小。结论：与０．１     

0.25%罗比卡因用于硬膜外病人自控镇痛的临床研究

罗比卡因是一种新型长效酰胺类麻醉药 ,其起效较快、作用时间长、麻醉效果确切、心脏毒性小、具有感觉和运动神经阻滞分离的特点[1,2 ] 。本研究旨在观察单纯 0 2 5 %罗比卡因用于硬膜外腔病人自控镇痛的临床效果和安全性评价。资料与方法一般资料　 6 0例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,年龄 35～ 6 4岁 ,体重45～ 72ｋｇ的子宫全切术患者随机分成两组。Ⅰ组 (ｎ =30 ) ,术后单纯应用 0 2 5 %罗比卡因硬膜外腔病人自控镇痛 ;Ⅱ组 (ｎ =30 ) ,以 0 0 0 3%吗啡 +0 12 5 %布比卡因 +0 0 0 5 %氟哌利多作为对照。两组患者年龄、体重无显著性差异 ,术中均…     

曲马多和罗比卡因用于硬膜外自控镇痛

目的　观察不同剂量的曲马多与 0 12 %的罗比卡因配伍用于术后病人硬膜外自控镇痛 (PCEA)的效果。方法　选择行全麻与硬膜外复合麻醉的腹部手术病人 4 5例 (ASAI～III级 )进行术后PCEA ,随机等分为三组 ,F组 :0 12 %罗比卡因 +芬太尼 2 μg/ml;A组 :0 12 %罗比卡因 +0 1%曲马多 ;B组 :0 12 %罗比卡因 +0 2 %曲马多。每组设置都为 4ml/h ,PCA为 2ml,锁定时间2 0min ,总量 2 5 0ml。记录 2 4h疼痛视觉模拟评分 (VAS ,0～ 10分 )、疼痛语言分级 (VRS ,4 -无痛 ,3-微痛 ,2 -较痛 ,1-剧痛 )、按压PCA次数 (PCAd)、PCA有效次数 (PCAe)、D/D比值 (PCAd/PCAe)、2 4h药量 (ml)及病人主观不适感。结果　三组总的术后镇痛效果无差异 ,优良率为 6 7%(30 / 4 5 ,VAS <3分 ) ,安静时无痛率 35 % (16 / 4 5 ,VRS =4 ) ,其中B组与A组比安静时无痛率有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,三组的恶心发生率F组 4 / 15 (2 7% ) ,A组 6 / 15 (40 % ) ,B组 10 / 15 (6 7% ) ,B组与F组比 ,有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 0 1%或 0 2 %曲马多复合 0 12 %罗比卡因用于腹部手术后PCEA(4ml/h)效果确切 ,以 0 2 %曲马多复合 0 12 %罗比卡因效果更好 ,但恶心发生率也更高     

硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因复合吗啡应用于妇科术后镇痛的观察

目的比较硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合吗啡用于妇科术后镇痛的临床效果和安全性。方法40例择期在硬膜外麻醉下行经腹子宫全切或子宫肌瘤摘除手术患者,随机分为两组,观察组(n=40)采用0·238%甲磺酸罗比卡因(含0·002mg/ml吗啡);对照组(n=40)采用0·2%盐酸罗比卡因(含0·002mg/ml吗啡)。观察术后15min、2、4、8、24、48h两组患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分、下肢运动神经阻滞情况及副作用的发生率。结果在各时点两组患者的VAS、镇静评分、下肢运动神经阻滞情况及副作用的发生率差异均无显著意义。结论硬膜外甲磺酸罗比卡因与盐酸罗比卡因复合吗啡术后镇痛具有相似的临床效果和安全性。     

不同浓度罗比卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外泵注镇痛效果比较

罗比卡因是一种新型酰胺类局麻药。本文将三种不同浓度罗比卡因复合芬太尼用于硬膜外持续泵注镇痛 ,现报道如下。资料与方法一般资料　选择 60例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级妇产科手术病人 ,年龄 2 2～ 3 8岁 ,体重 5 0～ 80ｋｇ。术前用药为苯巴比妥钠0 1ｇ、阿托品 0 5ｍｇ。麻醉选择为连续硬膜外麻醉 ,局麻药为 2 %利多卡因。方法　随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组 ,每组 2 0例。在硬膜外末次给药 2 0分钟后 ,将硬膜导管与恒流泵连接 ,以 2ｍｌ/ｈ持续泵入镇痛药液 ,药液总量为 60ｍｌ。Ａ组为 0 15 %罗比卡因 ;Ｂ组为 0 2 %罗比卡因 ;Ｃ组为 0 2 5 %罗…     

Dose-Response Study of Epidural Ropivacaine for Labor Analgesia

Background: Ropivacaine has been introduced for use in epidural analgesia in labor. However, there have been few formal dose-response studies of ropivacaine in this setting.

Methods: The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind study examining the effectiveness of five different doses of ropivacaine (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg) administered epidurally in a volume of 10 ml to establish analgesia in 66 parturients who were in active labor with cervical dilatation less than 4 cm. A dose was considered effective when the visual analog scale pain score decreased by 50% or more from baseline.

Results: A sigmoid dose-response curve and a probit log dose-response plot (linear regression coefficient, r = 0.84; coefficient of determination, r2 = 0.71) were obtained. The ED50 (median effective dose) obtained based on the maximum likelihood estimation was 18.4 mg (95% confidence interval, 13.4-25.4 mg). Time to onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, time to two-segment regression of sensory block level, and incidence of motor block were not affected by the dosage of ropivacaine administered (P = 0.93, 0.12, 0.55, and 0.39, respectively). However, the upper level of sensory block was dose-related (P < 0.01).     

病人自控硬膜外镇痛行分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察病人自控硬膜外镇痛（ＰＣＥＡ）行分娩镇痛对母婴及产程的影响。方法：１００例产妇分为ＰＣＥＡ组（ｎ＝４２）和对照组（ｎ＝５８）。ＰＣＥＡ组在第一产程活跃期开始施行ＰＣＥＡ,记录两组产妇分娩过程中的产程时间、产程各时段的视觉模拟评分（ＶＡＳ）、分娩方式及新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分。观察ＰＣＥＡ组产妇麻醉前后腹部和下肢肌力情况。结果：两组产妇各产程时间、分娩方式和新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分无统计学差异。ＰＣＥＡ组产程各时段的ＶＡＳ评分明显小于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,产妇麻醉后腹部和下肢和略有减弱,但不影响第二产程进程。结论：ＰＣＥＡ行分娩镇痛时母婴安全,镇痛效果确切。     

Relative Analgesic Potencies of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Labor

Background: The minimum local analgesic concentration has been defined as the median effective local analgesic concentration (EC50) in a 20-ml volume for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. The aim of this study was to assess the relative analgesic potencies of epidural levobupivacaine and ropivacaine by determination of their respective minimum local analgesic concentrations.

Methods: Parturients at 7 cm of cervical dilation or less who requested epidural analgesia were allocated to one of two groups in this double-blind, randomized, prospective study. After lumbar epidural catheter placement, 20 ml of the test solution was given: levobupivacaine (n = 35) or ropivacaine (n = 35). The concentration of local anesthetic was determined by the response of the previous patient in that group to a higher or lower concentration using up-down sequential allocation. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using 100-mm visual analog pain scale scores, with 10 mm or less within 30 min defined as effective. An effective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol decrement for the next patient. An ineffective result directed a 0.01% wt/vol increment.

Results: Of 105 women enrolled, 35 were excluded, leaving 70 for analysis. The minimum local analgesic concentration of levobupivacaine was 0.087% wt/vol (95% CI, 0.081-0.094%), and the minimum local analgesic concentration of ropivacaine was 0.089% wt/vol (95% CI, 0.075-0.103%). Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine were of similar potency with a ropivacaine:levobupivacaine potency ratio of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.80-1.20). No difference in motor effects was observed.     

A Double-blind Comparison of 0.125% Ropivacaine with Sufentanil and 0.125% Bupivacaine with Sufentanil for Epidural Labor Analgesia

Background: This study intends to evaluate the benefits of the administration of intermittent bolus doses of ropivacaine (0.125%) compared with bupivacaine (0.125%) after addition of sufentanil for analgesia during labor.

Methods: One hundred thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 parturients were studied. The 90 initial patients were assigned randomly to receive 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 [micro sign]g sufentanil (initial bupivacaine 0.125% group) or ropivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 [micro sign]g sufentanil (ropivacaine 0.125% group). Forty additional patients were recruited and received 0.125% bupivacaine plus 7.5 [micro sign]g sufentanil (additional bupivacaine 0.125% group) or 0.100% bupivacaine plus 7.5 [micro sign]g sufentanil (additional bupivacaine 0.100% group). The duration of analgesia, visual analogue scores for pain, motor blockade (using a six-point modified Bromage scale), patient satisfaction scores, nausea, pruritus, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded.

Results: Bupivacaine 0.125% and ropivacaine 0.125% coadministered with sufentanil provided rapid and complete analgesia. Onset of analgesia occurred after +/- 15 min and lasted +/- 90 min. After the third epidural injection, patients in the ropivacaine group experienced significantly less severe motor blockade than patients in the initial bupivacaine 0.125% group. At this point, 93% of the patients in the ropivacaine group were free from motor impairment versus 66% in the bupivacaine group (P < 0.05). Comparable levels of motor blockade were obtained in both additional groups. Patients' evaluation of their analgesia was worst in the bupivacaine 0.100% group.     

Relative Analgesic Potencies of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Epidural Analgesia in Labor: Implications for Therapeutic Indexes

Background: The minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) has been defined as the median effective local analgesic concentration in a 20-ml volume for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. The aim of this study was to assess the relative analgesic potencies of epidural bupivacaine and ropivacaine by determining their respective minimum local analgesic concentrations.

Methods: Seventy-three parturients at Results: The minimum local analgesic concentration of ropivacaine was 0.111% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.100-0.122), and the minimum local analgesic concentration of bupivacaine was 0.067% wt/vol (95% confidence interval, 0.052-0.082). Ropivacaine was significantly less potent than bupivacaine, with a potency ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.74). No difference in motor effects was observed.     

A Randomized Sequential Allocation Study to Determine the Minimum Effective Analgesic Concentration of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Patients Receiving Epidural Analgesia for Labor

Background: This study was designed to determine and compare the minimum local analgesic concentrations of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine when used in epidural obstetric analgesia.

Methods: In a double-blind study, healthy women requiring epidural analgesia for labor pain were randomized to receive either ropivacaine or levobupivacaine. Drugs were administered as a 20-ml epidural bolus. The concentration of each started at 0.11% and increased or decreased at intervals of 0.01%, depending on the response of the previous patient, using the technique of up-down sequential allocation. Minimum local analgesic concentrations were calculated using the formula of Dixon and Massey. Efficacy was assessed using visual analog pain scores and motor and sensory block assessments, and safety was assessed by recording maternal and fetal/neonate vital signs and adverse events.

Results: Forty-seven patients received levobupivacaine, and 47 received ropivacaine. Minimum local analgesic concentrations for levobupivacaine (0.077%; 95% CI, 0.058-0.096%) were lower than those for ropivacaine (0.092%; 95% CI, 0.082-0.102%). The 0.015% difference was not statistically significant. There was no notable difference between treatment groups in the proportion of patients reporting drug-related adverse events.     

Epidural Analgesia during Labor and Maternal Fever

Background: In recent observational studies, epidural analgesia during labor at patient request has been associated with maternal fever. The authors report a secondary analysis of fever in women who were randomized to receive either epidural or patient-controlled intravenous analgesia during labor.

Methods: Maternal tympanic temperature was measured during spontaneous labor in 715 women at term who were randomized to either epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl or to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with meperidine. Intent-to-treat analysis of women with fever (temperature >or= to 38.0 [degree sign]C) versus those without was performed using Student t test and Fisher exact to determine statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Results: Epidural analgesia was associated with maternal fever (odds ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 2.0-7.7), as was nulliparity (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.8-9.1) and labor longer than 12 h (odds ratio = 5.4; 95% confidence interval = 2.9-9.9). These factors were all independent variables for maternal fever when analyzed using logistic regression.