妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤中P_(53)的表达及其临床意义

目的　通过测试葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌和正常绒毛中P53的表达值及其相关性 ,从中找出葡萄胎恶变的预测指标 ,以指导临床治疗。方法　采用免疫组化SP法检测正常早孕绒毛 (人流术者 ) 2 0例 ,葡萄胎 4 0例 ,侵蚀性葡萄胎 2 0例 ,绒毛膜癌 2 0例中的P53的表达 ,并采用等级资料的秩和检验法进行统计。结果　绒癌、侵蚀性葡萄胎、葡萄胎中的P53阳性细胞数均高于正常绒毛 (P <0 0 1) ,绒癌、侵蚀性葡萄胎中P53阳性细胞数高于葡萄胎 (P <0 0 1)。葡萄胎中P53阳性细胞数高于正常绒毛 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　P53在滋养细胞疾病中的表达阳性率与滋养细胞疾病的增生程度和恶性程度呈正相关关系。P53可做为预测葡萄胎恶变、及恶变程度和预后的重要、可行手段。根据突变P53可以逆转这一事实 ,以P53基因表达做为判断化疗效果和评估预后的依据。     

表皮生长因子受体表达与葡萄胎恶变相关性分析

目的研究表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）在妊娠滋养细胞疾病的表达,探讨EGFR对预测葡萄胎恶变的价值. 方法采用免疫组化方法,检测石蜡包埋的105例妊娠滋养细胞疾病和20例正常早孕绒毛组织EGFR蛋白表达水平. 结果在合体滋养层中,妊娠滋养细胞疾病和正常早孕绒毛组织均强烈表达EGFR蛋白;在细胞滋养层,正常早孕绒毛、非恶变组葡萄胎的EGFR蛋白表达显著高于恶变组葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌（P＜0.01, P＜0.01, P＜0.01）,而恶变组的EGFR蛋白表达显著高于侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌（P＜0.05, P＜0.05）,EGFR蛋白表达在侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌之间差异无显著性（P＞0.05）. 结论 EGFR表达降低在妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生发展过程中起重要作用并有可能成为预测葡萄胎恶变的一项新的指标.     

MMP-2在妊娠滋养细胞中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2)与滋养细胞恶变及侵袭的关系。方法用免疫组化SP法检测20例正常早孕(<12周)绒毛组织,20例葡萄胎,17例侵蚀性葡萄胎,6例绒癌中MMP-2的表达情况。并结合临床特征做比较。结果(1)MMP-2在正常绒毛组织、葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌中均有表达,但随着滋养细胞恶性程度的增加其表达显著升高(χ2=18.367,P<0.001);(2)侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌低危组MMP-2表达的定量评分明显低于高危组(P<0.05)。结论MMP-2与滋养细胞的恶变及预后有关,检测MMP-2对临床早期预测滋养细胞疾病恶变及预防性化疗有一定的参考价值。     

C—erbB2与nm23在葡萄胎及恶性滋养细胞肿瘤中的表达

目的 检测C－erbB2与nm23在葡萄胎和恶性滋养细胞肿瘤中的表达,探讨二者在葡萄胎恶变中的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测22例 正常绒毛、43例葡萄胎、28例侵蚀性葡萄胎、11例绒癌组织中C－erbB2与nm23基因表达情况。结果 恶性滋养细胞肿瘤中C－erbB2的表达明显高于正常绒毛及葡萄胎组织（P＜0．01）,而nm23的表达低于正常绒毛及葡萄胎组织（P＜0．01）;43例葡萄胎患者中14例发生恶变,恶变组中C-erbB2的阳性表达率、nm23的阴性表达率均高于非恶变组。结论 C-erbB2的阳性表达和nm23的阴性表达,可判断滋养细胞肿瘤的恶性程度,并提示葡萄胎预后不良。     

表皮生长因子受体表达与预测葡萄胎恶变相关性研究

目的研究表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达,探讨EGFR对预测葡萄胎恶变的价值。方法采用免疫组化方法,检测石蜡包埋的105例妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组织和20例正常早孕绒毛组织EGFR蛋白表达水平。结果在合体滋养层,妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组织和正常早孕绒毛组织均强表达EGFR蛋白;在细胞滋养层,正常早孕绒毛、非恶变组葡萄胎的EGFR蛋白表达高于恶变组葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌的表达（P〈0.05,P〈0.05,P〈0.05）;而恶变组的EGFR蛋白表达强于侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌的表达（P〈0.05,P〈0.05）;EGFR蛋白表达在侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论EGFR表达降低在妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生发展过程中起重要作用,并有可能成为预测葡萄胎恶变的一项新的指标。     

Rb蛋白在滋养细胞疾病中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨Rb基因蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病时的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化方法。检测石蜡包埋的161例妊娠滋养细胞疾病和20例正常早孕绒毛组织Rb蛋白表达水平。结果Rb在部分滋养细胞和合体滋养细胞中表达。正常早孕绒毛组的Rb表达与非恶变葡萄胎组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,但显著弱于恶变葡萄胎组（P〈0．01）。非恶变葡萄胎组Rb表达显著弱于恶变葡萄胎组（P〈0．05）。侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌Rb表达显著强于葡萄胎（P〈0．01,P〈0．01）。但侵蚀性葡萄胎与绒癌的Rb表达差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。滋养细胞重度增生者Rb表达显著强于滋养细胞轻度增生者（P〈0．05）。葡萄胎恶变与子宫大小、卵巢黄素化囊肿密切相关。结论Rb表达增强是导致滋养细胞恶变因素之一,Rb表达增强在葡萄胎恶变过程中可能有重要的生物学意义。     

E—cad和VEGF在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达及意义

目的观察E—cad和VEGF在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达变化及意义,为妊娠滋养细胞疾病早期诊断、预后判断提供理论依据。方法收集滋养细胞疾病标本50例,其中葡萄胎10例（均为完全性葡萄胎）,侵蚀性葡萄胎20例,绒毛膜癌20例,所有病例均经病理确诊。正常早孕绒毛标本10例为对照组。应用免疫组织化学技术检测E-cad和VEGF在早孕绒毛、葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒毛膜癌组织中的表达情况。结果E—cad在正常早孕绒毛、葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌中的表达逐渐降低,分别为3．521,3．1045,0．9655,0．7682,各组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;VEGF在正常早孕绒毛、葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌中的表达逐渐升高,分别为0．4219,0．7521,0．9611,1.1420,各组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论①E-cad在滋养细胞肿瘤和葡萄胎中的表达均低于正常绒毛组织,E-cad表达减弱与GTT恶性进展有关,对于良、恶性葡萄胎鉴别有重要意义。②E—cad和VEGF的表达变化,使滋养细胞粘附异常,侵蚀性增强,是滋养细胞疾病发生的重要途径之一。     

癌基因c—erbB2在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨癌基因c-erbB2在妊娠滋养细胞疾病组织中的表达及不同临床期别情况下表达的差异,以期达到对妊娠滋养细胞疾病转归的预测。方法 实验采用针对c-erbB2基因表达产物的单克隆抗体进行SABC免疫组织化学染色,回顾性检测分析30例不同妊娠期正常胎盘、21例葡萄胎、21例侵蚀性葡萄胎及20例绒癌中该基因产物的表达情况。结果 c-erbB2在侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌中的表达明显高于葡萄胎及妊娠中晚期正常胎盘（P＜0．05）;c-erbB2在临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者中的表达高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,但差异无统计学意义。结论 c-erbB2的过度表达与葡萄胎恶变紧密相关,对于妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的早期诊断、早期治疗及预后评估具有重要的临床意义。     

妊娠滋养细胞疾病P16和P53蛋白表达及意义

目的 探讨P16、P53基因产物在正常绒毛细胞，葡萄胎，恶性葡萄胎（恶葡），绒毛膜上皮癌（绒癌）中的表达与恶性程度及预后的关系。方法 采用SP免疫组织化学技术对正常绒毛组织，葡萄胎，恶葡，绒癌组织中肿瘤抑制基因P16、P53蛋白表达进行检测。结果 正常绒毛组织，葡萄胎，恶葡，绒癌组织中P16蛋白阳性率分别为100％（10／10），75％（30／40），41．7％（5／12），22．2％（2／9）呈递减趋势。正常绒毛组织与葡萄胎之间以及葡萄胎，恶葡，绒癌之间差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；正常绒毛细胞P53蛋白不表达，葡萄胎表达呈弱阳性30％（12／40），恶葡为83．3％（10／20）,绒癌为88．9％（8／9），显著高于正常绒毛组织和葡萄胎（P＜0．05）。正常绒毛，葡萄胎，恶葡和绒癌中P16和P53蛋白表达之间未见明显相关。结论 恶葡及绒癌组织中P16蛋白低表达和P53蛋白过表达均有促进肿瘤细胞增殖作用，与滋养叶细胞肿瘤恶性程度及预后有关。     

滋养细胞肿瘤β—HCG计量学研究

本文应用显微图象分析和免疫组化法定量测定52例绒癌、49例侵蚀性葡萄胎、30例葡萄胎和15例正常绒毛的ST及CT内B-HCG含量。发现(1)以ST增生为主型患者的病死率低于以CT为主型(P<0.005)。(2)绒癌两种滋养细胞的β-HCG含量高于侵蚀性葡萄胎、葡萄胎和正常绒毛(P<0.001)。(3)侵蚀性葡萄胎增生型的β-HCG含量高于退变型(P<0.002)。(4)绒癌和侵蚀性葡萄胎中,滋养细胞内β-HCG含量与其滋养细胞增生程度呈正相关。(5)葡萄胎和正常绒毛的两种滋养细胞β-HCG量基本相同(P>0.05)。滋养细胞内β-UCG量的变化反映了肿瘤灶内存活的瘤细胞数量、滋养细胞的增生能力及其增生程度。因此可借此以判断治疗效果及患者的预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.