在小鼠肝金属硫蛋白合成中锌和镉的相互影响

研究小白鼠同时口服锌盐和镉盐后，锌和镉在小鼠肝金属硫蛋白合成中的相互影响。单独口服锌或镉，１６小时后均能诱导小鼠肝ＭＴ的合成；同时口服锌和镉时，也能诱导小鼠肝ＭＴ的合成，而ＭＴ水平比单独口服镉时增加，肝锌水平也明显提高，同时肝ＭＴ浓度和肝锌浓度之间存在明显的正相关。     

镉在小鼠肢芽器官体外培养中的致畸性及锌对其致畸作用的影响

采用体外小鼠胚胎肢芽器官培养方法，在培养基中加入不同浓度的硫酸镉及在加镉的同时加入不同浓度的锌，观察镉对肢体发育和分化的作用及锌对镉作用的影响。结果显示：随着镉剂量的增加，前后肢体软骨原基的发育和分化越差，软骨面积越小。０．１μｇ／ｍｌ剂量可导致指（趾）骨畸形，镉对软骨的作用比对软组织明显，长骨和爪骨均受到明显的影响；而加入镉后，随着加锌量的增加，大多数软骨原基的发育分化程度得到改善，软骨面积增大，长骨增长比爪骨明显，说明锌在一定程度上能够拮抗镉对软骨的抑制作用。     

镉在小鼠肢芽器官体外培养中的致畸性及锌对其致畸作用的影响

采用体外小鼠胚胎肢芽器官培养方法，在培养基中加入不同浓度的硫酸镉及在加镉的同时中入不同浓度的锌，观察镉对肢体发育和分化的作用及锌对镉作用的影响。结果显示：随着镉 剂量的增加，前后肢体软骨原基的发育和分化越差，软骨面积越小。０．１μｇ／ｍｌ剂量可导致指（趾）骨畸形，镉对软骨的作用比对软组织明显，长骨和爪骨均受到明显的影响；而加入镉后，随着加锌量的增加，大多数软骨原基的发育分化程度得到改善，软骨面积增     

在亚慢性毒性试验中应用红剑鱼、孔雀鱼和食蚊鱼的效果观察

目的探索红剑鱼、孔雀鱼和食蚊鱼作为实验动物用于七天亚慢性毒性试验材料的可行性。方法依据生长和现存量作为观察指标,测定了铬、锌、铜、镉对孔雀鱼和食蚊鱼的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)和最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)。结果铬、锌、铜、镉对红剑鱼的NOEC分别是2500,200,10,20ug/L,LOEC分别是5000,400,20,40ug/L。铬、锌、铜、镉对孔雀鱼的NOEC分别是2500,200,10,10ug/L,LOEC分别是5000,400,20,20ug/L。铬、锌、铜、镉对食蚊鱼的NOEC分别是2500,400,5,10ug/L,LOEC分别是5000,800,10,20ug/L。结论红剑鱼、孔雀鱼和食蚊鱼作为实验动物用于七天亚慢性毒性试验是可行的。     

长乐、福安鱼露致突变性实验初步结果

从福建长乐、福安两县采集鱼露,用Ames方法检测其致突变性。结果表明,未经过亚硝化的鱼露,其致突变性试验均为阴性;经过亚硝化的鱼露仍有部份致突变性;亚硝化鱼露亚硝酸钠浓度与TA100回变菌落数呈正相关;维生素C有抑制鱼露致突变性且其浓度与TA100回变菌落数呈负相关。     

硫酸锌拮抗氯化镉诱发小鼠微核的实验观察

镉是一种工业用途较广的重金属。有报道镉可使鲤鱼微核率升高。而骨髓细胞微核分析可判断受试物的致突变性。为探讨氯化镉对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响及硫酸锌对氰化镉的拮抗作用,我们进行了实验研究,现报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 实验动物 90只昆明种小白鼠(华北制药厂实验动物     

复方甲地孕酮注射液致突变性研究

用原噬菌体诱导法检测了复方甲地孕酮注射液的致突变性。结果三种浓度均无噬菌斑出现,提示该药品无致突变性,是一种较安全的避孕药。     

用Ames点试验法对日用化工品致突变性的研究(附30种分析报告)

本文对30种日用化工品进行了Ames′试验研究。结果表明:洗衣粉、洗发膏有致突变作用,染发剂和治疗性化妆品大部分有致突变作用;一些护肤营养类化妆品则无。实验中发现的大部分致突变物质在高浓度时有抑制环,诱变作用不明显,经稀释到合适浓度后才有明显的致突变作用。     

富锌酵母的致突变研究

应用微核试验、Ａｍｅｓ试验和原噬菌体诱导试验检测富锌酵母的致突变性。试验结果显示，富锌酵母浓度在２．５ｇ／ｋｇ、１．３ｇ／ｋｇ、０．６ｇ／ｋｇ时，微核试验阴性。浓度为１０μｇ／皿、１００μｇ／皿、５００μｇ／皿、１０００μｇ／皿时，Ａｍｅｓ试验阴性。在１０μｇ／皿、１００μｇ／皿、１０００μｇ／皿时，对溶原性细菌无诱导作用。     

复方锌制剂致突变性研究

复方锌制剂是一种具有滋阴补肾、安胎、抑畸功效的药物,为了保证其临床使用的安全性,采用Ａｍｅｓ实验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸变试验,检测复方锌制剂的致突变性。结果表明：Ａｍｅｓ试验为阴性,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率、小鼠精子畸变率与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示该制剂无致突变性。     

Toxic trace metals in the mentally ill patients

Serum Cadmium and lead were measured in 61 in- and out-patients of the Mental Health Unit of a University Teaching Hospital. Diagnosis using the ICD-10 Criteria divided the patients into 21 Depressives, 20 Manic-depressive and 20 Schizophrenics. Twenty "healthy" individuals matched for age and sex were used as controls. The measurements of cadmium and lead were done on admission and at 3 and 7 weeks after the relevant treatment had been given. Serum zinc was also measured because of the interaction between zinc and these toxic metals. Measurement was with the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed that cadmium was raised in depressives (p < 0.02) and reduced in mania patients (p < 0.01). Lead was increased in depressives (p < 0.01) and schizophrenics (p < 0.05) but not in mania patients. Serum zinc was reduced in all mental patients. Serum levels of the toxic metals of the mental patients tended to move towards the values of the control group with treatment.     

锌、硒对镉致大鼠听力损伤影响的研究

目的：探讨镉中毒对大鼠听力功能的损伤以及锌、硒对大鼠听力的保护作用。方法：将40只雌雄各半Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组(A)、镉中毒组(B)、锌保护组(C)和硒保护组(D)4组,连续灌胃30d后．脑干电诱发电位测定大鼠听力功能。结果：B组大鼠脑干电诱发电位Ⅰ波潜伏期明显长于A组,C、D组大鼠脑干电诱发电位Ⅰ波潜伏期明显短于B组而接近A组,C、D组雄性大鼠脑干电诱发电位Ⅰ波潜伏期短于A组。结论：B组大鼠听力明显下降,锌、硒对镉致大鼠听力功能的损伤有保护作用,且有较强的保护雄性大鼠听力的作用。     

Insulin expression in rats exposed to cadmium

Objectives To investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on insulin expression in rats.Methods Eighteen adult SD rats were administered cadmium subcutaneously(0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/kg·bw).The effects on endocrine of pancreas were assessed.The levels of cadmium and zinc in pancreas,blood and urine glucose,serum insulin and urine NAG(N-acyetyl-β-glucosaminidase)were determined.The gene expressions of metallothionein(MT)and insulin were also measured,and the oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT)were carried out.Results The contents of cadmium in pancreas in cadmium-treated rats were higher than that in the control group,which was associated with slight increase of zinc in pancreas.Cadmium-exposed rats(1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw)demonstrated a marked glucose intolerance.But the levels of serum insulin did not change significantly after cadmium administration,and the UNAG had no change in Cd-treated group.The gene expression of insulin decreased in 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium-exposed groups,compared with the control group.The expression of MT-I was higher in the groups exposed to 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium while the expression of MT-II was higher in the group exposed to 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium.Conclusions Cadmium may be accumulated in the pancreas,resulting in the change of the expression of insulin,MT-I and MT-II genes.Cadmium can influence the biosynthesis of insulin,but does not induce the release of insulin.The dysfunction of pancreas occurs earlier than that of kidney after administration of cadmium.     

不合格硝酸引起实验失败原因分析

目的:寻找在测定小麦粉中铁锌含量时,引起空白值过高的原因。方法:使用实验室现有不同产地的硝酸与高氯酸进行空白试验,测定消化空白值。结果:不同产地的硝酸参与消化,测定铁锌的空白值有差异;经湿法消化的铁锌空白值比较,使用上海某厂家生产的硝酸远高于其他产地硝酸参与消化结果;试剂的纯度级别对消化空白值有影响。结论:使用上海某厂家生产的不合格硝酸参与湿法消化是导致实验失败的原因;提示通过样品测定前的空白预实验,可以起到甄别试剂、优选试剂的作用。     

Trace element levels in liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry slaughtered in Canada

Levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury and lead were determined in approximately 650 samples of liver and kidney from cattle, swine and poultry slaughtered in Canada during 1979-81. In addition zinc levels were determined in livers and kidneys from swine, and selenium and zinc levels were determined in the livers and kidneys from cattle. Depending on the element several methods of atomic absorption spectroscopy were used to analyze samples including flame, hydride generation, cold vapour generation and graphite furnace atomization. Analyses were also done by plasma emission spectroscopy. Levels of arsenic over 2.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.9% of swine livers and 0.3% of swine kidneys. Cadmium levels higher than 1.0 micrograms/g were detected in 0.3% of cattle livers, 10.8% of cattle kidneys, 1.8% of swine kidneys, 0.4% of poultry livers and 0.3% of poultry kidneys. Levels of copper over 150 micrograms/g were detected in 0.4% of cattle and swine livers. Levels of lead over 2.0 micrograms/g were detected in 1.4% of poultry livers and 1.6% of poultry kidneys. The highest level of mercury detected in all species was 0.25 micrograms/g and the highest level of selenium was 1.9 micrograms/g. Zinc levels of over 100 micrograms/g were detected in 1.7% of cattle livers, 0.2% of cattle kidneys and 5.0% of swine livers.     

乙肝病毒对孕中期孕妇微量元素的影响探讨

目的 探讨乙肝病毒（HBV）对孕中期孕妇微量元素的的影响.方法 测定210例孕中期HBV携带孕妇及200例健康孕妇（正常对照组）全血铁、钙、锌、镁、铜、铅及镉元素含量.结果 HBV携带孕妇组全镁元素水平明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,全血铅和镉元素则高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;其他元素两组差异无统计学意义.结论 镁元素缺乏可能为HBV引发的肝脏损害导致丢失过多或吸收不良造成的.重金属铅和镉对孕妇和胎儿影响极大,升高可能与肝脏的损伤而导致其不能及时清除而滞留在体内有关.     

The Effect of Zinc on the Apoptosis of Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Age relatedmaculardegeneration (ARMD ) ,orsenilemaculardegeneration (SMD) ,hasbecomeamoreimportantsightlessdisease .The precisepathogenicmechanismofARMDiscurrentlyun known .Sotheeffectivetreatmentsand preventivemeasureshavenotbeenavailableuntilnow .Ithasbeenprovedthattheretinalpigmentepithelia (RPE)wasthemaincelltypeaffectedbyARMD .Zincdefi ciencyhasbeensuspectedasapotentialriskfactor.Inthisstudy ,theinfluenceofzincontheapoptosisofRPEwasstudied .1　MATERIALSANDMETHODS1 1　MAT…     

镉对大鼠胚胎损害作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨镉对大鼠胚胎的毒性效应及可能机制。方法 :雌雄性 SD大鼠按 2∶ 1同笼交配获取 38只孕鼠 ,随机分为 4组 (对照组 ,低镉组 ,中镉组 ,高镉组 )。分别在妊第7、1 0、1 3天经腹腔注射生理盐水和不同剂量的氯化镉 ( Cd Cl2 ) ,妊 2 1 d,剖宫取胎鼠 ,活杀取出胎鼠的肝、脑组织称重后测定 Cd、Zn、Ach、AKP、DNA含量。结果 :1高镉组未见存活胎鼠 ;2染镉组胎鼠肝中镉增加 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,脑中锌有下降趋势 ;3染镉组胎鼠肝组织中的AKP活性 ,脑组织中的 Ach、DNA含量较对照组减低。结论 :1高剂量的镉可使孕鼠胚胎发育异常 ;2母鼠染镉可致胎鼠肝中 AKP酶活性降低及脑组织中 Ach、DNA含量减少 ,抗脂质过氧化能力减弱。     

锌对镉所致大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨镉对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤及预先补锌后对镉所致肝脏脂质过氧化损伤的拮抗作用.方法将36只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组:①正常对照组;②补锌对照组;③低镉组;④锌 低镉组;⑤高镉组;⑥锌 高镉组.分别测定染镉及预先补锌后再染镉各组大鼠肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)的含量及抗氧化酶过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化.结果染镉组大鼠肝组织中MDA的含量升高,且肝组织中MDA含量与肝组织中镉含量呈正相关关系(r＝0.49,P＜0.05),染镉组肝组织中SOD活性降低,且肝组织SOD活性与肝组织中镉含量呈明显负相关关系(r＝-0.489,P＜0.05),预先补锌后再染镉MDA的含量下降,SOD活性有不同程度的升高.结论锌对镉所致大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤有保护作用.