长链非编码RNA MEG3对成骨分化及骨性疾病影响的研究进展

非编码RNAs(non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs)是一类没有编码蛋白功能的RNA分子,根据它的大小,可分为小非编码RNA和长链非编码RNAs(long non-coding RNAs,lncR-NAs).lncRNA是一种长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA,ncRNA的80％都是长链非编码RNA.人们最初...     

非编码RNA在骨质疏松症预测和防治中的作用研究进展

骨质疏松症（osteoporosis,OP）严重影响着中老年人群的生活质量,因此OP患病前的有效预测和患病后安全有效的治疗措施极为重要。研究发现非编码RNA（non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs）作为表观遗传调节剂与骨代谢关系密切,能够在基因层面调控OP的发生发展,可作为OP预测、诊断的生物标志物和治疗的新靶点。非编码RNA的功能及表达水平异常可导致骨形成和骨吸收平衡失调,引起OP。本文将重点介绍4种常见非编码RNA（circRNA、lncRNA、miRNA和siRNA）的作用机制以及对骨代谢过程中骨形成和骨吸收的影响,旨在为OP的诊断和防治提供理论依据。     

自噬相关miRNAs、lncRNAs、circRNAs在骨质疏松症中的作用

骨质疏松症由骨吸收增加和骨形成减少引起,是一种常见代谢性骨疾病,其发生发展的详细分子机制尚不清晰。自噬作为一种应激反应性分解代谢过程,在维持细胞和组织稳态中起着关键作用。非编码RNAs,如微小RNAs、长链非编码RNAs和环状RNAs,通过作为调节因子对基因表达进行转录后调控,在包括自噬在内的许多细胞过程中发挥重要作用。研究表明,部分自噬相关ncRNAs通过调节骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞生理和发育过程参与维持骨稳态。基于此,本文综述了影响骨微环境的自噬相关微小RNAs、长链非编码RNAs和环状RNAs参与调控骨质疏松发生发展的最新研究进展,为探索骨质疏松症发病机制和确定临床治疗潜在靶点提供理论基础。     

长链非编码RNA与肿瘤

已经有越来越多的证据表明基因组的非编码序列的转录对于生命活动具有重要意义。相对于蛋白编码序列以及各种小分子RNA,长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的研究还仅仅处于起步阶段,其功能与调控机制仍有待进一步研究。本文对目前关于lncRNA与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述,认为lncRNA可能为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供新依据和靶点。     

长链非编码RNA与RA相关性及中医药干预的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA, LncRNA）在类风湿性关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）发生、发展及治疗过程中饰演着重要角色,其在免疫细胞分化、DNA甲基化等方面参与了RA的发生,在氧化应激、炎症反应、RA-FLS增殖/凋亡失衡及骨破坏形成等方面促进了RA的发展,因此通过调控LncRNA的表达影响RA的发生、发展将成为RA治疗的新途径。中医药治疗RA疗效确切,并且诸多研究证实中药可通过调节LncRNA的表达在RA的治疗中发挥重要作用。本文就LncRNA与RA的相关性及中医药干预的最新研究进展进行综述,以期为RA的防治提供参考。     

LINC01600在结直肠癌临床诊断中的应用价值

目的分析长链非编码RNA LINC01600在结直肠癌组织中的表达以及在临床结直肠癌诊断过程中的价值。方法选取2020年1月至2023年12月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的37例结直肠癌患者的临床标本作为研究标本, 选择对应的癌旁组织作为对照样本。提取癌旁组织和结直肠癌组织的总RNA, 采用转录组学技术分析癌组织和癌旁组织差异表达的长链非编码RNA。选取差异最为显著的长链非编码RNA LINC01600作为研究对象。采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术检测结直肠癌组织和癌旁组织中LINC01600的表达水平。制作受试者工作特征曲线分析LINC01600对结直肠癌的临床诊断效能。采用单因素方差分析不同临床分期, 不同分化程度患者LINC01600表达水平。并分析LINC01600和患者预后的关系。结果结直肠癌和癌旁组织共检出39 123个长链非编码RNA, 其中包括2 018个新的长链非编码RNA。差异分析显示, 其中有1 626个差异表达的长链非编码RNA, 其中1 019个上调基因, 607个下调基因。长链非编码RNA主要富集于核糖体通路、柠檬酸循环通路和RNA剪接相关通路。本研究选取差异最为...     

长链非编码RNA在胃癌中的作用研究进展

长链非编码RNA是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的不编码任何蛋白质的核糖核酸分子.长链非编码RNA虽然不编码任何蛋白质,但其通过染色质修饰,转录激活与干扰等参与了细胞内多种调控过程.近年来研究发现,在胃癌中多种长链非编码RNA的表达出现异常.这些异常改变与胃癌的发生、发展及预后密切相关,调控相关长链非编码RNA的表达可显著改善患者的预后.靶向调控长链非编码RNA的表达可为胃癌治疗提供新的策略.     

长链非编码RNA 00461在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA 00461 (linc00461)是长链非编码RNA家族中的重要一员, 近年来备受关注。随着linc00461基础和临床研究的深入, 发现其除了在包括糖代谢在内的多种生物学过程中起重要调控作用外, 同时在癌症的发生发展中发挥促癌作用。linc00461已被证实在多种恶性肿瘤患者的细胞和组织中差异表达, 通过调控功能靶基因影响恶性肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭及转移, 并且linc00461的表达模式与恶性肿瘤的耐药性产生和预后相关, 这将为肿瘤治疗的个体化和精准化提供新的思路和策略。本综述总结了linc00461在神经胶质瘤、头颈鳞状细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌、结直肠癌、肾细胞癌、子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤中的作用机制。     

非编码RNA在痤疮中的作用机制及相关研究进展

目前，痤疮的发病机制未完全阐明，近年来研究表明非编码RNA中的微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA等参与了痤疮发病机制中多种复杂的生物过程，包括痤疮丙酸杆菌失衡、免疫功能异常、炎症反应和角质形成细胞的异常分化增殖等，这些非编码RNA有望成为痤疮的生物标记物及治疗靶点。本文旨在对非编码RNA在痤疮中的作用机制和潜在临床应用进展进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA在皮肤纤维化疾病中的研究进展

皮肤纤维化疾病包括增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩和系统性硬化症。该类疾病以肌成纤维细胞过度激活和胶原纤维异常沉积为特征，可导致永久性瘢痕和器官功能损伤，是一大类严重影响患者身心健康并带来沉重社会经济负担的疾病，然而目前无满意的治疗方法和预防策略。近年来，随着高通量测序和生物信息技术的发展，逐年增多的证据表明长链非编码RNA(Long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)作为一类重要的表观遗传调控分子，可通过多种方式影响成纤维细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭及胶原蛋白的异常沉积，进而参与皮肤纤维化疾病的发病过程。本文将论述lncRNAs在皮肤纤维化疾病发病机制中的研究进展。     

Non-coding RNAs: Role in diabetic foot and wound healing

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and poor wound healing are chronic complications in patients with diabetes. The increasing incidence of DFU has resulted in huge pressure worldwide. Diagnosing and treating this condition are therefore of great importance to control morbidity and improve prognosis. Finding new markers with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility in DFU has gathered increasing interest. Wound healing is a process divided into three stages: Inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are small protected molecules transcribed from the genome without protein translation function, have emerged as important regulators of diabetes complications. The deregulation of ncRNAs may be linked to accelerated DFU development and delayed wound healing. Moreover, ncRNAs can be used for therapeutic purposes in diabetic wound healing. Herein, we summarize the role of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs in diverse stages of DFU wound healing and their potential use as novel therapeutic targets.     

Exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: Laboratory noise or hope?

Currently, extracellular vesicles and particularly exosomes have gained a lot of research interest due to their unique roles in several biological processes. Noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) represent a class of functional RNA with distinct regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of malignancy that is very challenging to diagnose, especially in early stages; surgical resection still represents the sole potentially curative treatment option. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Hereby, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent discoveries that focus on exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangio-carcinoma with the aim to identify new molecular players that could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.     

Role of identified noncoding RNA in erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction and is closely related to many risk factors such as age, chronic diseases and mental disorder. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) is recommended as the first-line medicine in therapy, but up to 35% of patients fail to this treatment. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of ED is still poorly understood. Hence, it has reached the state that researchers should seek for new candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Recent studies have reported that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis process of ED, even in stem cell therapy. In this review, we aim to summarise the mechanisms and functions of identified ncRNAs that are associated with ED.     

结直肠癌相关环状RNA的研究进展

结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大常见的恶性肿瘤,也是导致癌症相关死亡的第四大原因。环状RNA属新型长链非编码RNA,广泛存在于真核生物中,由多种机制剪接而成。早期被当成基因表达的副产物且无生物学功能而被忽略。近年研究证实环状RNA在许多生命活动中发挥着不可或缺的作用,并且在CRC组织中存在差异表达,对肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移和凋亡发挥着重要作用。探索环状RNA在结直肠癌中的作用机制,将有助于CRC的早期诊疗和预后。本文将针对结直肠癌相关环状RNA的最新研究进展做一阐述,以期为CRC的诊治提供新的思路。     

长链非编码RNA与前列腺癌的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（Longnon-coding RNA,LncRNA）在人类生命活动过程中发挥着重要的作用,并维持着正常的细胞功能,然而它们的异常表达与肿瘤发生密切相关。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,LncRNA通过类似癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与前列腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移等调控过程,并由于特定LncRNA在肿瘤当中表达的高特异性,可作为前列腺癌诊断及预后的指标。本文对近年来LncRNA与前列腺癌发生、发展的关系及诊治的研究进展作一综述。     

Non-coding RNAs as regulators of mammary development and breast cancer

Over the past decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a new paradigm of gene regulation. ncRNAs are classified into two major groups based on their size: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (including microRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, and endogenous siRNAs). Here we review the recently emerging role of ncRNAs in mammary development, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, with the focus being on microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. These findings shed new light on normal development and malignant progression, and suggest the potential for using ncRNAs as new biomarkers of breast cancer and targets for treatment.     

Distinct Subsets of Noncoding RNAs Are Strongly Associated With BMD and Fracture,Studied in Weight-Bearing and Non–Weight-Bearing Human Bone

We investigated mechanisms resulting in low bone mineral density (BMD) and susceptibility to fracture by comparing noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in biopsies of non–weight-bearing (NWB) iliac (n = 84) and weight bearing (WB) femoral (n = 18) postmenopausal bone across BMDs varying from normal (T-score > −1.0) to osteoporotic (T-score ≤ −2.5). Global bone ncRNA concentrations were determined by PCR and microchip analyses. Association with BMD or fracture, adjusted by age and body mass index, were calculated using linear and logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis. At 10% false discovery rate (FDR), 75 iliac bone ncRNAs and 94 femoral bone ncRNAs were associated with total hip BMD. Eight of the ncRNAs were common for the two sites, but five of them (miR-484, miR-328-3p, miR-27a-5p, miR-28-3p, and miR-409-3p) correlated positively to BMD in femoral bone, but negatively in iliac bone. Of predicted pathways recognized in bone metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer emerged at both sites, whereas fatty acid metabolism and focal adhesion were only identified in iliac bone. Lasso analysis and cross-validations identified sets of nine bone ncRNAs correlating strongly with adjusted total hip BMD in both femoral and iliac bone. Twenty-eight iliac ncRNAs were associated with risk of fracture (FDR < 0.1). The small nucleolar RNAs, RNU44 and RNU48, have a function in stabilization of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and their association with fracture and BMD suggest that aberrant processing of rRNAs may be involved in development of osteoporosis. Cis-eQTL (expressed quantitative trait loci) analysis of the iliac bone biopsies identified two loci associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), one previously identified in a heel-BMD genomewide association study (GWAS). In this comprehensive investigation of the skeletal genetic background in postmenopausal women, we identified functional bone ncRNAs associated to fracture and BMD, representing distinct subsets in WB and NWB skeletal sites. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

非编码RNA在胆管癌中的研究进展

胆管癌是一种起病隐匿、手术切除率低且预后较差的恶性肿瘤。目前胆管癌的诊断与治疗缺少有效的早期标志物或靶点。近年来的研究发现胆管癌的发生与发展与癌细胞中异常表达的非编码RNA(ncRNA)有一定的相关性。ncRNA是一类不具有编码蛋白质功能RNA的总称,它不仅能够通过参与调控基因表达而影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生物学过程,同时对肿瘤的发生、发展以及肿瘤细胞的侵袭、转移等过程中也发挥重要作用。通过对胆管癌肿瘤细胞中异常表达ncRNA的研究,将促进胆管癌分子诊断以及靶向治疗技术的发展。笔者回顾并且简要分析ncRNA与胆管癌关系以及相关作用机制的研究进展,为更进一步的研究提供的线索,同时为胆管癌的治疗提供新的思路。     

Competing endogenous RNA network analysis reveals pivotal ceRNAs in bladder urothelial carcinoma

BackgroundBladder urothelial cancer (BUC) has become one of the most frequently occurring malignant tumors worldwide and it is of great importance to explore the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of noncoding RNAs is critically involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of BUC. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to regulate protein-coding gene expression and therefore form a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. ceRNA networks have been proven to play vital roles during tumorigenesis and progression. Elements involved in the ceRNA network have also been identified as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in various tumors. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of the ceRNA system will help understand tumorigenesis, progression mechanisms of BUC and develop therapeutics against cancer.MethodsIn this study, we utilized the TCGA database and analyzed the multilevel expression profile of BUC. ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed by integrating tumor progression and prognosis information. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and qRT-PCR were applied to verify the identified ceRNA networks. KEGG enrichment analysis was implemented to infer the biological functions of the regulatory system.ResultsWe identified a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory ceRNA network containing two lncRNAs, one miRNA and 14 mRNAs. The ceRNA network we identified showed significant roles in BUC tumorigenesis, progression, and metastases.ConclusionsThe proposed ceRNA network may help explain the regulatory mechanism by which lncRNAs function as ceRNAs and improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of BUC. Moreover, the candidate elements involved in the ceRNA network can be further evaluated as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for BUC.     

精子发生过程中的表观遗传学调控

精子发生是由精原细胞增殖、精母细胞减数分裂以及精子形成所组成的连续过程。精子发生也是染色质不断凝集的过程,最终在精子头部达到高度浓缩状态。近年来的研究表明,表观遗传调控在精子发生过程中发挥作用。我们将从三方面简要阐述精子发生过程中的表观遗传学调控机制:DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰以及非编码RNA。这些表观因素之间也可以互相调控,通过调控基因表达、转座子活化、性染色体失活以及基因印记等,在精子发生,受精以及胚胎发育过程中扮演重要角色。