微量白蛋白尿与急性缺血性卒中的严重程度和转归的关系

目的 探讨微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria,MAU)与急性缺血性卒中的危险因素、病情严重程度及转归的关系.方法 前瞻性纳入连续的急性缺血性卒中患者,根据尿白蛋白/肌酐比率(urine albumin/creatinine ratio,UACR)分为MAU阳性组(≥30 mg/g)和MAU阴性组(＜30 mg/g),根据改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分分为转归良好组(0～2分)和转归不良组(＞2分),对各项人口统计学和临床资料进行比较,并分析急性缺血性卒中转归不良和MAU阳性的独立因素.结果 共纳入156例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中男性84例,女性72例;年龄53～ 78岁,平均(65.4±6.2)岁;发病至入院时间为1.5～28 h;94例转归良好,62例转归不良,无死亡病例;76例MAU阳性,80例MAU阴性.多变量logistic回归分析显示,高龄[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.992,95％可信区间(c onfidence interval,CI)1.108～2.374;P=0.015]、合并糖尿病(OR 2.497,95％ CI1.177～5.298;P =0.017)和心房颤动(OR 2.338,95％ CI1.062 ～5.148;P=0.035)、高血清高半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平(OR 2.541,95％ CI 1.073～6.02;P=0.047)和UACR(OR 2.130,95％ CI1.396 ～3.017;P =0.001)、MAU阳性(OR 3.291,95％ CI1.681 ～6.444;P=0.001)、高基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(OR9.196,95％ CI2.828～19.815;P ＜0.001)是急性缺血性卒中患者转归不良的独立危险因素.MAU阳性组合并糖尿病的患者比例(P=0.038)以及空腹血糖水平(P=0.025)、血清Hcy水平(P=0.022)和颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)(P=0.019)与MAU阴性组存在显著性差异.MAU阳性组前循环梗死比例较低(P=0.033),基线NIHSS评分(P=0.003)和转归不良率较高(P＜0.001).多变量logistic回归分析显示,合并糖尿病(OR 2.237,95％ CI1.036 ～4.829;P =0.040)以及空腹血糖(OR 1.223,95％ CI1.145 ～1.673;P=0.027)和Hcy水平(OR 2.542,95％ CI 1.047～6.612;P=0.025)、颈动脉IMT(OR1.295,95％ CI1.106 ～1.362;P=0.023)和基线NIHSS评分(OR1.206,95％ CI1.044 ～1.219;P =0.023)增高与急性缺血性卒中患者MAU阳性独立相关.结论 MAU阳性是急性缺血性卒中转归不良的独立危险因素之一,且与急性缺血性卒中的部分危险因素密切相关,并对急性缺血性卒中病情严重程度和转归有着显著的影响.     

急性缺血性卒中机械取栓后出血性转化和临床转归的影响因素

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗后出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)和转归不良的危险因素.方法 回顾性纳入接受机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,收集患者的人口统计学、血管危险因素和其他临床资料,应用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评价发病90d时临床转归,转归良好定义为mRS评分0～2分.根据HT情况将患者分为HT组和非HT组,根据mRS评分将患者分为转归良好组和转归不良组.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定HT和转归不良的独立危险因素.结果 共纳入48例接受机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,男性25例(52.1％),平均年龄(64.77 ±9.14)岁,平均美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(17.70 ±3.77)分.22例(45.8％)发生HT,其中9例为有症状HT;24例(50.0％)转归良好.HT组男性比例显著低于非HT组(30.4％对72.0％;x2=8.293,P=0.004),而糖尿病(65.2％对36.0％;x2=4.090,P=0.043)和心房颤动(78.3％对44.0％;x2=5.880,P=0.015)的患者比例以及基线空腹血糖水平[(8.514±4.400) mmol/L对(6.354±1.472) mmol/L;t =2.319,P=0.025]则显著高于非HT组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,心房颤动[优势比(odds ratio,OR)6.136,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.617～23.291;P=0.042]是机械取栓后发生HT的危险因素.转归良好组基线NIHSS评分[(16.050±4.865)分对(19.210±4.423)分;=2.354,P =0.023]以及糖尿病(29.2％对70.8％;x2=8.333,P=0.004)、前循环卒中(62.5％对87.5％;x2 =4.000,P =0.046)、大脑中动脉闭塞(29.2％对75.0％;x2=10.101,P=0.002)和脑实质血肿(4.1％对33.3％;P=0.011)患者比例显著低于转归不良组,而心房颤动(75.0％对45.8％;x2=4.269,P=0.039)和椎基底动脉闭塞(37.5％对12.5％;x2=10.113,P=0.006)患者比例显著高于转归不良组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR5.898,95％ CI 1.699～20.479;P=0.005)、基线NIHSS评分(OR1.167,95％ CI 1.011 ～1.347;P=0.035)和脑实质血肿(OR 1.295,95％ CI 1.099 ～ 1.875;P =0.028)是转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 心房颤动是急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓治疗后HT风险的独立预测因素.糖尿病、基线NIHSS评分较高和并发脑实质血肿是转归不良的独立预测因素.因此,在对急性缺血性卒中患者开展机械取栓治疗前应充分评估其HT和转归不良风险.     

大脑中动脉闭塞部位对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗后转归的影响

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞部位对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA)溶栓治疗后转归的影响.方法 连续纳入在发病4.5h内接受rtPA静脉溶栓治疗的急性MCA闭塞性卒中患者.将MCA闭塞部位分为MCA近段(M1近段)和MCA远段(M1远段、M2段及以远).早期神经功能改善定义为溶栓后24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分较基线时改善≥4分或NIHSS评分为0分.根据90 d时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分分为转归良好组(0～2分)和转归不良组(3～6分).结果共纳入70例MCA闭塞缺血性卒中患者,其中MCA近段闭塞患者22例(31.4％),MCA远段闭塞患者48例(68.6％);转归良好52例(74.3％),转归不良18例(25.7％).MCA近段闭塞组心房颤动(x2=4.541,P=0.033)患者比例以及入院时(t=5.192,P=0.026)和溶栓后24 h时(-5.365,P=0.024)NIHSS评分均高于MCA远段闭塞组.MCA近段闭塞组早期神经功能改善的患者比例显著低于MCA远段闭塞组(x2 =9.434,P=0.002),而有症状颅内出血发生率(x2 =9.563,p=0.002)和7d内病死率(x2=14.491,P＜0.001)均显著高于MCA远段闭塞组.转归不良组发病至溶栓时间(t=6.346,P=0.014)以及入院时(t=4.498,P=0.038)和溶栓后24 h时(=4.866,P=0.028)NIHSS评分以及MCA近段闭塞的患者比例(x2=18.710,P＜0.001)显著长于或高于转归良好组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,MCA近段闭塞[优势比(odds ratio,OR) 14.385,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)2.525 ～ 81.925;P=o.003]、发病至溶栓时间较长(OR 12.927,95％ CI2.624 ～ 61.748;P=0.002)、溶栓后24 h时NIHSS评分较高(OR 3.492,95％ CIl.027～11.880;P=0.045)是90 d时转归不良的独立预测因素.结论 不同部位MCA闭塞患者静脉溶栓的转归存在差异.MCA闭塞部位、发病至溶栓时间、溶栓后24 h时NIHSS评分和年龄是MCA供血区急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后转归的独立预测因素.     

血清前白蛋白和白蛋白与不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨不同年龄段急性缺血性卒中患者血清前白蛋白和白蛋白水平与短期转归的相关性.方法 前瞻性连续纳入发病48 h内入院的急性缺血性卒中患者.在发病后14 d应用改良Rankin量表评估功能转归情况,0～2分定义为转归良好.根据患者年龄分为中青年组(＜60岁)和老年组(≥60岁).比较总体患者以及不同年龄段患者转归良好组与转归不良组的人口统计学、基线临床资料和实验室检查结果.应用多变量logistic回归分析确定短期转归的独立影响因素.结果 共纳入急性缺血性卒中患者622例,其中男性402例(64.6％),女性220例(35.4％);中青年组206例(33.1％),老年组416例(66.9％);转归良好310例(49.8％),转归不良312例(50.2％).转归良好组男性、老年、高脂血症、糖尿病、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)史的患者构成比以及年龄、体重指数、前白蛋白、白蛋白、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、尿素氮和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,女性[优势比(odds ratio,OR)1.522,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)1.023 ～ 2.266;P=0.038]、糖尿病(OR 1.789,95％ CI1.171 ～2.735;P=0.007)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR 1.251,95％ CI 1.017～ 1.539;P=0.034)、总胆红素(OR1.054,95％ CI1.029～1.081;P＜0.001)、尿素氮(OR 1.245,95％ CI1.100～1.409;P=0.001)和基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分(OR 2.854,95％ CI1.027～3.628;P=0.019)较高为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白(OR 0.798,95％ CI0.633～0.979;P =0.034)和白蛋白(OR 0.741,95％ CI0.693～0.988;P=0.020)较高为转归良好的独立预测因素.在中青年患者中,转归良好组糖尿病和小动脉闭塞的患者构成比以及年龄、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.343,95％ CI 1.127 ～4.871;P=0.023)和基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.041,95％ CI1.304～4.125;P=0.027)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR0.742,95％ CI0.639 ～0.937;P=0.044)为转归良好的独立预测因素.在老年患者中,转归良好组男性、既往卒中或TIA史、心源性栓塞的患者构成比以及前白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素和尿酸水平与转归不良组差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);多变量logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病(OR 2.797,95％ CI1.153 ～4.756;P=0.039)、基线NIHSS评分较高(OR 2.586,95％ CI.033 ～3.435;P=0.035)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高(OR1.304,95％ CI1.027 ～1.656;P=0.029)为转归不良的独立危险因素,而前白蛋白较高为转归良好的独立预测因素(OR0.795,95％ CI0.691 ～0.998;P=0.002).结论 前白蛋白和白蛋白是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归良好的独立预测因素.血清前白蛋白在老年人群(≥60岁)中的保护作用更为明显.     

血清尿酸对重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓缺血性卒中患者短期转归的影响

目的探讨血清尿酸（serumuricacid,SUA）水平对接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rtPA）静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的影响。方法纳入接受静脉rtPA溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者。根据出院时改良Rankin量表（ modified Rankin Scale, mRS）评分分为转归良好组和转归不良组。转归良好定义为基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS）评分≤7分患者mRS评分为0分,NIHSS评分为8~14分者mRS评分为0~1分,NIHSS评分≥15分者mRS评分为0~2分。对2组人口学资料、临床资料和实验室指标进行比较和分析。结果纳入接受静脉rtPA溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者108例,转归良好组66例（61．11％）,转归不良组42例（38．89％）。转归不良组患者年龄[（62．21±10．25）岁对（57．83±10．457）岁;t＝2．138,P＝0．035]、基线NIHSS 评分（中位数和四分位数间距）[10（8~12）分对4（3~7）分;Z＝5．537,P＜0．001]以及2型糖尿病（40．48％对12．12％;χ2＝11．600, P＝0．001）和既往卒中史（9．52％对9．09％;χ2＝4．366,P＝0．037）的构成比显著高于转归良好组,而SUA水平[（323．119±87．869）mmol／L对（385．961±76．166）mmol／L;t＝3．936,P＜0．001]显著低于转归良好组。多变量logistic回归分析显示,既往2型糖尿病史[优势比（odds ratio, OR）5．471,95％可信区间（confidence interval, CI）1．472~20．334;P＝0．011]和基线 NIHSS 评分较高（OR 1．306,95％CI 1．147~1．486;P＜0．001）为短期临床转归不良的独立危险因素,而 S UA 水平较高（ OR 0．992,95％CI 0．986~0．998;P＝0．015）为短期临床转归不良的独立保护因素。结论 SUA水平增高是静脉rtPA溶栓患者短期转归良好的独立保护因素。     

血浆胱抑素C对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗转归的影响

目的 探讨血浆胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)浓度对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗转归的影响.方法 回顾性纳入连续的急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓患者,根据改良Rankin量表评分分为转归良好组(mRS评分≤2分)和转归不良组(mRS评分＞2分),根据是否存在出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)分为HT组和非HT组,对人口统计学和临床资料进行比较.结果 共纳入接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者103例,转归良好组44例,转归不良组59例;TH组23例,非HT组80例.转归良好组年龄[(62.34± 13.41)岁对(68.09±9.74)岁;t=2.521,p=0.013]、基线CysC浓度[(1.008±0.28) mg/L对(1.27±0.86) mg/L;t =2.237,P=0.027]、HT发生率(14％对34.9％;x2=6.016,P=0.014)以及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes ofHealth Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分[(10.39±3.11)分对(18±2.65)分;t=13.35,P＜0.001]显著低于转归不良组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,CysC与转归之间无显著独立相关性(优势比1.783,95％可信区间0.443 ～7.185; P=0.416).非HT组基线CysC浓度[(1.41±0.54)mg/L对(0.96±0.18)mg/L;t =3.941,P=0.001]和NIHSS评分[(15.96±3.7)分对(13.05 ±4.87)分;t=3.017,P=0.004]显著低于HT组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,血浆CysC浓度＞1.03 mg/L(优势比9.050,95％可信区间2.384 ～34.359;P=0.001)是HT的独立危险因素.结论 基线血浆CysC浓度增高与急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗后发生HT有关,但与转归无关.     

心房颤动对静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中转归的影响

目的 探讨心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)对急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后临床转归和出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)的影响.方法 回顾性纳入接受静脉重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者.90 d时改良Rankin量表评分0～2分定义为转归良好.采用多变量logistic回归分析确定AF与静脉溶栓后临床转归的相关性.结果 共纳入160例接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,其中67例(41.88％)合并AF.与非AF组相比,AF组年龄更大[中位数和四分位数间距:77(71 ～83)岁对69(59 ～78)岁;Z=4.142,P＜0.001],基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS)评分更高[11(6～17)分对7(4 ～14)分;Z=2.623,P=0.009].AF组溶栓后24 h[3.0(1.0～4.5)分对2.0(0～6.0)分;Z=-0.312,P=0.775]和7 d[4.0(2.0～5.0)分对5.0(2.0～8.0)分;Z=1.574,P=0.115]时NIHSS评分较基线降低值以及90 d时转归良好患者比例(38.81％对25.82％;x2 =3.063,P=0.080)与非AF组差异均无统计学意义,但24 h内HT(14.93％对5.38％;x2=4.179,P=0.041)和90 d内死亡(16.42％对6.45％;x2 =4.073,P=0.044)患者比例显著高于非AF组.多变量logistic回归分析显不,AF与90 d时临床转归[优势比(odds ratio,OR0.95,95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.381～2.366;P=0.912]、24 h内HT(OR1.992,95％ CI 0.580 ～6.369;P=0.285)以及90 d内死亡(OR 2.483,95％ CI0.727～8.586;P=0.146)均无独立相关性.结论 AF不是影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓后90 d时临床转归和24 h内HT的独立危险因素.     

微量白蛋白尿与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的相关性

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白(microalbuminuria, MAU)与急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归的关系.方法 前瞻性纳入住院治疗的连续急性缺血性卒中患者.入院后次日晨起留取首次尿标本测定尿白蛋白/肌酐比率(urine albumin/ creatinine ratio, UACR),UACR 30~300 mg/g定义为MAU阳性.入院时采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)评价卒中严重程度,出院时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale, mRS)评价功能转归,0~2分定义为转归良好.结果 共纳入244例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中53例(21.72%)MAU阳性,67例(27.50%)转归不良.单变量分析显示,MAU阳性组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评分、收缩压、空腹血糖、球蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及缺血性心脏病构成比显著高于MAU阴性组(P均<0.05).转归不良组基线NIHSS评分、空腹血糖、纤维蛋白原、间接胆红素、直接胆红素、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞以及MAU阳性患者构成比显著高于转归良好组(P均<0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,MAU[优势比(odds ratio, OR)1.520,95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)1.151~1.794;P=0.031]、基线NIHSS评分(OR 1.570,95% CI 1.357~1.808;P<0.001)是急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 急性缺血性卒中患者的MAU发生率较高,MAU阳性可作为急性缺血性卒中患者短期转归不良的独立预测指标之一.     

轻型缺血性卒中患者转归不良的预测因素：前瞻性队列研究

目的 探讨轻型缺血性卒中患者的功能转归并明确其转归不良的危险因素.方法 前瞻性纳入发病后72 h内就诊的轻型缺血性卒中患者,根据发病后90 d时改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分将患者分为转归不良组（mRS评分＞2分）和转归良好组（mRS评分0～2分）.采用单变量分析和多变量logistic回归分析对人口统计学资料、血管危险因素、临床资料、实验室检查资料、影像学资料和随访资料进行比较和分析,明确轻型缺血性卒中转归不良的危险因素.结果 共纳入253例轻型缺血性卒中患者,其中71例（28.1％）转归不良.单变量分析显示,转归不良组年龄（=2.037,P=0.043）、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分（U=4 610.000,P=0.000）、基线mRS评分（U=5 723.000,P=0.000）以及既往缺血性卒中史（x2 =4.950,P=0.026）、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞（x2=49.037,P=0.000）、大动脉粥样硬化型卒中（x2=34.359,P=0.000）、早期神经功能恶化（x2=45.804,P=0.000）、并发肺炎（x2=12.121,P=0.000）以及缺血性卒中复发（x2=14.305,P=0.000）的患者比例显著性高于转归良好组.多变量logistic回归分析显示,高龄[优势比（odds ratio,OR）1.049,95％可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.012 ～1.086;P=0.008]、基线mRS评分较高（OR 2.130,95％ CI 1.212～3.743;P=0.009）、基线NIHSS评分较高（OR 1.532,95％ CI 1.064 ～2.206;P=0.022）、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞（OR 7.569,95％ CI 3.497～ 16.380;P=0.000）、早期神经功能恶化（OR 7.369,95％ CI2.648～20.510;P =0.000）和缺血性卒中复发（OR 10.450,95％ CI 3.071 ～35.564;P=0.000）是转归不良的独立危险因素.结论 超过1/4的轻型缺血性卒中患者转归不良,高龄、基线mRS评分较高、基线NIHSS评分较高、有症状大血管重度狭窄或闭塞、早期神经功能恶化以及缺血性卒中复发是其?     

高龄急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后出血性转化的危险因素

目的探讨高龄急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者静脉溶栓后出血性转化(HT)的危险因素。方法收集2016年1月至2019年3月海口市第三人民医院急诊科收治的高龄AIS患者326例。根据其静脉溶栓后是否发生HT,分为HT组(51例)和无HT组(275例)。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析。应用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析,评价影响高龄AIS患者静脉溶栓后发生HT的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,HT组的心房颤动、尿蛋白阳性、溶栓后24 h收缩压、血糖、国际标准化比值、溶栓前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分及发病至溶栓时间3 h明显高于无HT组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,溶栓后24 h收缩压(OR=1.935,95%CI 1.226～4.162)、血糖(OR=2.240,95%CI 1.638～5.237)、溶栓前NIHSS评分(OR=2.435,95%CI 1.805～5.726)、溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分(OR=3.381,95%CI 2.216～7.250)及发病至溶栓时间3 h(OR=2.703,95%CI 1.914～6.116)是高龄AIS患者静脉溶栓后发生HT的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论溶栓后24 h收缩压、血糖、溶栓前NIHSS评分、溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分及发病至溶栓时间3 h是高龄AIS患者静脉溶栓后发生HT的独立危险因素,可为临床溶栓治疗提供参考。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.