心肌梗死相关血管行血栓抽吸及冠状动脉内注射替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效评价

目的评价在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)基础上辅助心肌梗死相关闭塞血管行血栓抽吸及冠状动脉内注射替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEAMI)的临床疗效。方法选取2008年1月—2011年5月在我院STEAMI的53例患者,26例STEMI患者试验分为血栓抽吸+冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组:在标准PCI基础上进行血栓抽吸,并在血栓抽吸前后分别经抽吸导管冠状动脉内推注替罗非班10μg/kg,置入支架后静脉滴注替罗非班0.15μg.kg-1.min-1持续36h;标准PCI组:27例STEMI患者按急诊PCI常规方法置人支架。比较两组患者PCI术前及术后心肌梗死相关动脉心肌梗死时溶栓(TIMI)分级,以及PCI术后6个月内的主要心脏不良事件(心绞痛、再发心肌梗死、心脏性猝死及急性左心衰竭)及出血并发症的发生率。结果两组患者基线特征差异无统计学意义。血栓抽吸+冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组与标准PCI组TIMI 3级血流率分别为96.12%和83.45%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6个月随访显示,血栓抽吸+冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组主要不良心血管事件有降低趋势(P<0.05)。两组间出血事件差异无统计学意义。结论直接PCI中联合应用血栓抽吸和心肌梗死相关闭塞冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可以改善心肌灌注,并能降低6个月内主要心脏不良事件。     

高危急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗早期或即刻应用替罗非班对主要不良心血管事件的影响

目的 观察高危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前早期应用和术前即刻应用替罗非班对血小板功能和180 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的影响,探讨替罗非班的最佳应用时机.方法 2006年7月至2007年7月,160例备行PCI的高危NSTE-ACS患者随机分配到PCI前早期应用组(冠状动脉造影前4～6 h应用替罗非班)和PCI前即刻应用组(导丝通过冠状动脉病变后应用替罗非班).观察两组入院后、冠状动脉造影前和PCI后的血小板聚集率,随访术后24 h、3 d、7 d、30 d和180 d MACE.记录使用替罗非班治疗期间的出血并发症和血小板减少症的发生率.结果 应用替罗非班后,两组血小板聚集率均显著降低(P＜0.05).PCI前早期应用组冠状动脉造影前的血小板聚集率显著低于PCI前即刻应用组(8%比42%,P＜0.05).两组PCI后24 h和3 d内均未发生MACE,7 d MACE发生率均为1.3%.PCI前早期应用组术后30 d(3.8%比6.3%,P＞0.05)和180 d(13.0%比16.7%,P＞0.05)MACE发生率均低于PCI术前即刻应用组.两组180 d无MACE发生的生存率分别为87.0%和83.7%(P＞0.05).增龄(OR=1.164,P＜0.001)、高血压(OR=4.165,P=0.037)和2型糖尿病(OR=13.628,P＜0.001)是发生MACE的独立危险因素.替罗非班的应用时机对MACE发生率有一定程度的影响(OR=2.416,P=0.153).在使用替罗非班治疗期间,两组重度出血并发症发生率(2.5%比1.3%.P＞0.05)差异无统计学意义,中度出血并发症和轻度血小板减少症发生率均为1.25%.结论 在阿司匹林和氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的基础上,高危NSTE-ACS患者PCI前早期应用替罗非班比PCI前即刻应用,能及早强化抗血小板治疗,有减少PCI后MACE发生率的趋势.增龄、高血压和2型糖尿病是高危NSTE-ACS患者PCI联合替罗非班治疗中发生MACE的独立危险因素.     

替罗非班对急性冠状动脉综合征患者介入术后炎症因子的影响

目的观察替罗非班对急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome，ACS）患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）治疗后血清炎症因子的影响。方法初次确诊为ACS85例，对照组41例，未应用替罗非班；替罗非班组44例，用替罗非班治疗，测定其可溶性CD40配体、高敏C反应蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶-9水平。结果替罗非班试验组血清可溶性CD抗原40配体、高敏C反应蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶-9水平显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论ACS患者PCI术后应用替罗非班可明显降低血清炎症因子的水平。     

替罗非班联合静脉溶栓治疗老年急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性

目的:探讨阿替普酶静脉溶栓后早期联合替罗非班治疗老年急性缺血性卒中患者的有效性和安全性。方法:前瞻性纳入2018年1月至2020年5月期间在青岛市黄岛区中医医院神经内科接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓的老年(60～75岁)急性缺血性卒中患者,按是否联合替罗非班分为替罗非班组和非替罗非班组。替罗非班组在静脉溶栓后2 h启用静脉泵入替...     

急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后支架内血栓伴血小板减少二例

应用血小板糖蛋白（glycoprotein,GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa抑制剂（替罗非班）可以降低急性心肌梗死（AMI）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后支架内血栓发生率,本文报道2例PCI术后出现支架内血栓,应用替罗非班引起严重血小板减少后的治疗策略。     

国产替罗非班在急性心肌梗死支架置入术中的应用研究

目的 探讨在急性心肌梗死患者直接冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中应用国产替罗非班对术后冠状动脉血流和心肌灌注的影响及其近期临床效果.方法 90例入院接受直接PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,随机分为替罗非班(先给予负荷量10 μg/kg,3 min内静注,再行PCI,负荷量后替罗非班0.15 μg/min微量泵持续泵入24～36 h)组和对照组.术后即刻对梗死相关动脉行心肌梗死溶栓治疗,临床试验(TIMI)分级,计算校正的TIMI计桢数(corrected TIMI frame count,CTFC)和心肌呈色分级(myocardial blush grades,MBG),观察住院期间和随访6个月时不良心血管事件发生率及药物不良反应发生率(出血和血小板减少).结果 两组患者术后TIMI3级血流获得率,主要不良心血管事件发生率,药物不良反应发生率均无显著性差异,但替罗非班组CTFC明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);而MBG3级血流获得率替罗非班组明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 急性心肌梗死患者行直接PCI时联合应用国产替罗非班可改善冠脉血流和梗死区域的心肌灌注,降低住院期间不良心血管事件发生率.     

盐酸替罗非班治疗亚急性支架内血栓二例

目前国际上大量的临床试验证实了替罗非班在急性冠状动脉综合征和经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）中的益处，国内尚缺乏应用经验。我们应用替罗非班（盐酸替罗非班注射液，武汉远大制药集团）成功治疗2例亚急性支架内血栓。     

替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死伴糖尿病的老年患者行急诊介入治疗的临床观察

目的 探讨替罗非班应用于急性心肌梗死伴糖尿病并行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗患者冠状动脉血流、梗死心肌恢复及相关并发症的影响。方法 选取2019年5月至2021年5月在秦皇岛市第一医院住院的100例急性心肌梗死伴糖尿病并行急诊PCI治疗的老年患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组（每组均n=50）。两组患者均行PCI治疗,均予以常规双联抗血小板药物（阿司匹林联合硫酸氢氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛）、硝酸酯类药物、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors,ACEI）类药物、β受体阻断药、他汀类药物等。治疗组患者在冠状动脉给予替罗非班抗血小板治疗,对照组患者术中静脉加用替罗非班抗血小板治疗。观察两组患者急诊术中冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TIMI myocardial perfusion grading,TMPG）、肌酸激酶及肌酸激酶同工酶、炎症因子,超声...     

择期PCI术中预防性使用替罗非班的临床研究

目的观察替罗非班在冠心病(包括急性冠脉综合征及慢性冠状动脉病)患者行择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用的疗效和安全性。方法 148例冠心病择期PCI术患者分为替罗非班组85例和非替罗非班组63例,治疗组在PCI术中即刻经冠状动脉推注替罗非班。慢性冠状动脉病患者术前、术后均服氯吡格雷片、阿司匹林肠溶片、阿托伐他汀钙片;急性冠脉综合征患者加用低分子肝素钙。非替罗非班组除不用替罗非班外,治疗均与治疗组相同。观察PCI治疗前后手术血管心肌梗死溶栓实验(TIMI)血流、术中及术后并发症的发生情况,主要包括急性血栓形成、冠状动脉夹层、慢血流/无复流、术后出血并发症及术后4周内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。结果替罗非班组虽有1例穿刺处血肿、假性动脉瘤形成,但出血并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);替罗非班组中出现急性血栓、冠状动脉夹层、慢血流/无复流、缺血性胸痛、术后MACE事件与替罗非班组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但对较高危亚组使用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂仍可能是有益的。结论冠心病患者择期PCI中预防性使用替罗非班是安全的,但择期PCI术中常规使用替罗非班并不能减少急性血栓、冠状动脉夹层、慢血流/无复流、缺血性胸痛及术后4周MACE事件的发生,但对较高危患者使用仍可能有益的。     

替罗非班在NSTE-ACS患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前和治疗中应用的对比分析

目的 评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes,NSTE-ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗时,不同时机应用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班的有效性和安...     

Platelet Function Analysis by Flowcytometry in Thrombocytopenic Trauma Patients

Hemostasis is dependent on sufficient quantity and quality of circulating functional platelets. Platelet function in trauma patients with thrombocytopenia and its impact on the clinical outcome is not adequately explored. Whether platelet dysfunction has a role in the pathogenesis of acute traumatic coagulopathy needs to be studied. Blood samples were collected from 70 thrombocytopenic trauma patients before transfusing platelets and assessed for platelet activation and platelet aggregation using flowcytometry. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Platelet dysfunction was identified in 57.1% of thrombocytopenic trauma patients. A weak inverse correlation between percentage of activated platelets and APTT was observed (Spearman coefficient − 0.25, p = 0.03). A sensitivity and specificity of 66.6% was achieved for a cut off of ≤ 6.5% of platelet activation post trauma with ROC-AUC of 0.658 for identifying coagulopathy. No correlation with mortality however was observed (p > 0.05). Platelet dysfunction had a weak association with coagulopathy suggesting limited contribution of platelet dysfunction in pathogenesis of acute traumatic coagulopathy and warrants further research.     

Platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and plateletcrit do not correlate with optical platelet aggegation responses in healthy volunteers

Background Recent advances in technology have made it possible to record various platelet indices. There have been many reports about platelet indices and platelet disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether anatomical indices have a correlation with functional aggregation responses using optical method in healthy adults and to evaluate the predictive significance of platelet indices over platelet aggregation responses.Methods This study was carried on 31 adults whose ages ranging between 20 and 42. Platelet parameters, including platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and plateletcrit were determined in platelet rich plasma using Abbott Cell-Dyn 4.000. Platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate, collagen and epinephrine. Optical aggregation was performed using a turbidometric method.Results We have observed no correlation between any of platelet indices measured and platelet aggregation responses.Conclusions As a result, we found no correlation between platelet aggregation responses obtained with optical method and platelet indices proposed as indicators of certain pathologic conditions, and it does not seem possible to use platelet indices as a direct indicator of platelet activation. In conditions where platelet functions should have been assessed, platelet indices alone are inappropriate and further evaluation is necessary with different methods.     

The role of alloimmunization in platelet survival studies

Summary The role of platelet alloimmunization in the survival of⁵¹Cr-labeled allogeneic platelets was investigated in 89 patients with severe thrombocytopenias. The serological analysis included HLA typing of patients, screening of their sera in the lymphocytotoxicity test (LCTT), the platelet complement fixation test(PCFT), and the platelet radioactive anti-IgG test (PRAT; N=38). Platelet donors were selected according to the best available HLA match and crossmatch in LCTT. Alloantibodies against HLA antigens were found in the sera of 17 patients (19.1%). No platelet-specific alloantibodies were detected. The use of compatible, allogeneic platelets permitted the discrimination of diminished platelet production from increased platelet turnover in thrombocytopenic patients with proven alloimmunization. Our results stress the necessity of a serological workup prior to platelet survival studies.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

缺血性结肠炎的临床特点以及血小板功能的研究

背景:近年缺血性结肠炎(IC)的发病率明显增加,尤其是重症IC,早期无特殊表现,可引起结肠坏死、穿孔,甚至死亡。目的:探讨IC患者的临床特点以及血小板功能的变化。方法:将2009年1月～2012年1月同济大学附属第十人民医院87例IC患者分成重症IC组和轻症IC组,并选取30名健康者作为正常对照。分析轻症IC和重症IC的临床特点,并检测血小板激活复合物(PAC)-1和血小板α-颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)和血小板计数(PLT)。结果:与轻症IC组相比,重症IC组右半结肠发病率显著升高(P<0.05),左半结肠发病率显著降低(P<0.05),死亡率显著升高(P<0.05),腹痛、腹泻、便血、全结肠发病率无明显差异(P>0.05)。IC组PAC-1和CD62P、MPV、PDW均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),PLT无明显差异(P>0.05)。重症IC组PAC-1、CD62P、MPV、PDW显著高于轻症IC组(P<0.05),PLT显著低于轻症IC组(P<0.05)。结论:右半结肠病变、血小板活化以及参数的变化可能与重症IC患者密切相关,作为危险因素早期应引起临床医师的高度重视。     

Evaluation of Efficacy in Platelet Collection by the Haemonetics Component Collection System

Abstract: Platelet concentrate product derived from plateletpheresis from a single donor is preferable in terms of reducing the risks of adverse reactions in platelet transfusion. This study evaluated the status of platelet transfusion and the efficacy and safety of plateletpheresis machines. The average number of donors of platelet product per patient has been decreasing and recently reached nearly 1.0; however, some patients still receive multiple random donor platelet products. Platelet collection efficacy was comparable between the Haemonetics Component Collection System (CCS) and the Multi Component System (Multi). However, the CCS has been shown to be effective in terms of processed blood volume and procedure time, especially in donors with lower hematocrits. These results suggest that the CCS may be preferable and safer for donors with lower hematocrits and lighter body weights. Blood centers should collect platelets more effectively to achieve platelet transfusion with the use of platelets derived from a single donor using effective equipment.     

Status of Platelet Collection and Platelet Transfusion

Abstract: Platelet product derived from single donor plateletpheresis is required to reduce the risks of adverse reactions by blood transfusion. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the status of platelet collection and its efficacy by various kinds of plateletpheresis equipment and to assess the achievement of platelet transfusion by platelet product derived from a single donor. Since the blood centers have introduced some kinds of efficient plateletpheresis equipment, large units of platelet products have been supplied mainly for the patients. Amicus and CCS might be preferable plateletpheresis machines because of their collection efficiencies and wider indication for donors. The average number of donors of platelet product per patient has recently reached nearly 1.0, and around 90% of patients have received platelet product derived from a single donor in the recent several years. However, platelet transfusion derived from a single donor has not yet been completely achieved. Each regional blood center should seriously consider the efficacy of each plateletpheresis equipment and arrange the equipment to collect platelets more effectively to achieve platelet transfusion from a single donor.     

老年冠心病患者血小板-白细胞聚集体的表达及其意义

目的:探讨老年冠心病患者血小板-白细胞聚集体(PLA)的表达及其意义.方法:选择我院内科2010年1月至2012年12月期间收治的冠心病患者162例,分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(92例),急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组(70例),选择同期非冠心病患者80例为正常对照组.比较3组间PLA、血小板-中性粒细胞聚集体(PNA)、血小板淋巴细胞聚集体(PLyA)和血小板-单核细胞聚集体(PMA)的水平,采用Spearman相关分析分析PLA与有关临床指标的相关性.结果:与正常对照组和SAP组比较,ACS组PLA[(2.23±1.20)％比(3.25±2.16)％比(4.36±2.65)％]、PMA[(15.3±7.6)％比(23.5±19.7)％比(32.4±19.6)％]、PNA[(1.85±0.89)％比(2.14±1.56)％比(3.64±4.65)％]和PLyA(1.38±0.78)％比(1.42±0.87)％比(2.06±1.28)％]水平显著升高(P均＜0.01),且SAP组PLA、PMA水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).Spearman相关性分析显示:冠心病患者PLA与血糖、甘油三酯呈正相关(r1=0.680,P1=0.030;r2=0.738,P2=0.015),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.722,P=0.018).结论:PLA、PMA水平升高提示可能有老年冠心病,甚至是急性冠脉综合征.     

原发性高血压患者血小板活化状态研究

目的 :探讨血小板活化与原发性高血压 (EH)的关系。方法 :观察 36例EH患者 (EH组 )和 2 5例正常人 (对照组 )的血小板α颗粒膜蛋白 14 0 (GMP 14 0 )在血小板膜表面的分子数和血浆中的含量 ,并同时测定了血浆血栓烷B2 (TxB2 )。结果 :EH组患者血小板膜表面GMP 14 0分子数和血浆中GMP 14 0浓度、血浆TxB2 浓度均显著高于对照组。未发现GMP 14 0与TxB2 在EH患者异常变化中的线性相关性。结论 :GMP 14 0与TxB2 反映了血小板活化在EH中的两种不同的重要作用     

不同类型血吸虫病患者血小板参数的对比研究

目的 探讨不同诊断类型血吸虫病患者血小板计数(PLT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板压积(PCT)四项参数的变化及其临床意义。方法采用全自动血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂检测68 例慢性血吸虫病患者（以下简称“慢血”）、76 例晚期血吸虫病患者（以下简称“晚血”,其中巨脾型52 例、腹水型24 例）以及78 例健康对照组的外周血PLT、MPV、PDW、PCT。结果 慢血组和晚血组PLT、PCT 均明显低于健康对照组（P<0.01）,其中晚血组随着病情的进展,肝纤维化程度 加深甚至出现肝硬化,其MPV、PDW 也发生变化,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 检测血小板各项参数值,可为血吸虫病患者特别是晚血患者病情诊断提供初步评价,对指导临床治疗及判断病人预后有重要意义。