皮肤肿瘤中的雌激素受体及皮肤恶性黑素瘤中雌激素和孕激素…

通过对８个病种的２１例皮肤恶性肿瘤进行的雌激素受体的免疫组化标记，发现有２例皮肤恶性黑一素瘤呈阳性表达。在１５例皮肤恶性黑素瘤中进行的免疫组化染色中，雌激素受体阳性７例，孕激素受体阳性３例，Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２癌基因阳性７例，作者认为通过进一步研究有望获得恶性黑素瘤激素治疗和预后观察的生物学依据。     

原发性皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的T细胞受体基因重排分析

目的：评价Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析（ＳＢＡ）和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测原发性皮肤Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤（ＰＣＴＣＬ）Ｔ细胞受体（ＴＣＲ）基因重排（ＧＲ）的意义。方法：以ＰＣＲ扩增ＴＣＲγ的结合Ⅴ（可变区）－Ｊ（结合区）序列（ＴＣＲγＰＣＲ）和ＳＢＡ分析ＴＣＲβ链基因（ＴＣＲβＳＢＡ）检测克隆性ＧＲ。结果：蕈样肉芽肿（ＭＦ）：ＴＣＲγＰＣＲ和ＴＣＲβＳＢＡ检测６例ⅡＡ期和７例ⅡＢ期皮损标本的ＧＲ分别为５例和４例以及６例和５例，外周血分别有４例、２例和５例、３例示ＧＲ；而７例ⅠＡ期和１０例ⅠＢ期的ＴＣＲγＧＲ和ＴＣＲβＧＲ皮肤组织为４例、１例和７例、１例，外周血为３例、阴性和４例、１例。１例ＭＦⅡＡ表现为皮病性淋巴结病患者的淋巴结中证实有ＧＲ。疑诊ＭＦ：１１例患者的皮损和外周血标本经ＴＣＲγＰＣＲ检测５例皮肤和３例外周血见ＧＲ。非蕈样肉芽肿、Ｓéｚａｒｙ综合征的ＰＣＴＣＬ：ＰＣＲ和ＳＢＡ显示ＴＣＲＧＲ分别为皮肤组织占９例／１０例和６例／８例，外周血占９例／１０例和６例／１１例。Ｓéｚａｒｙ综合征和淋巴瘤样丘疹病：２例Ｓéｚａｒｙ综合征外周血和其中１例皮肤标本同时见ＴＣＲγＧＲ和ＴＣＲβＧＲ；２例淋巴瘤样丘疹病的皮肤标本     

恶性黑素瘤患者雌激素受体和孕激素受体的检测

恶性黑素瘤死亡率高,严重影响着人类的健康,美国每年发生黑素瘤的病例数为25000例,每年死亡5800例^[1]。近年在部分黑素瘤患者的瘤细胞中也发现了雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR),为了探讨黑素瘤患者中ER和PR表达的意义,对12例恶性黑素瘤患者进行了免疫组化检测。     

女性外生殖器尖锐湿疣中性激素受体的表达

目的 探讨女性外生殖器尖锐湿疣（ＣＡ）中雄激素受体（ＡＲ）、雌激素受体（ＥＲ）及孕激素受体（ＰＲ）的表达。方法用免疫组化ＳＰ法检验１２例女性ＣＡ及１例肛门尖锐湿疣中ＡＲ、ＥＲ及ＰＲ的表达。结果１２例ＣＡ中ＡＲ及ＰＲ表达阳性，而无ＥＲ的表达。１例肛门尖锐湿疣则ＡＲ、ＰＲ及ＥＲ均表达阳性。结论：雄激素及孕激素对女性ＣＡ的内分泌代射调节可能起重要作用。     

正常人体多毛部位皮肤雌激素受体的比较研究

应用直接荧光组化法对１０例正常男性头皮、眉部、胡须、腋部、阴部皮肤作比较研究。结果显示皮肤和附属器均有雌激素受体（ＥＲ）存在，而部位不同，含量各异。阻断对照：阻断率５０％～９０％。进一步证实皮肤是雌激素靶器官之一。     

皮肤鳞状细胞癌,基底细胞癌,恶性黑素瘤449例统计分析

皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤４４９例统计分析孙桂珍，张宗琴，朱晓琳，蓝毓滨，李春梅，宁晓明皮肤鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ），基底细胞癌（ＢＣＣ），恶性黑素瘤（ＭＭ）是皮肤科常见的恶性肿瘤，我们统计了１９７８年１月～１９９２年１２月（１９９０年末统计...     

皮肤B细胞性淋巴瘤临床病理及免疫组化研究

应用免疫组化方法对５例皮肤Ｂ细胞性淋巴瘤进行研究。５例分为四种亚型：皮肤免疫细胞性淋巴瘤，中心细胞性和中心母细胞性各１例，中心细胞－中心母细胞性２例。ＣＩＬ出现中心母细胞及瘤巨细胞，向高度恶性淋巴瘤转化，免疫组化显示：５例ＣＤ４５，ＣＤ２０阳性，ＣＤ４５Ｒｏ均阴性。１例ＣＣＢＬ又示κ、λ、ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ均呈阳性，为双标记阳性，探讨其发性机理，并将各亚型与皮肤Ｂ细胞性假性淋巴瘤及组织细胞性淋巴瘤进行     

皮肤恶性肿瘤表达板素的生物学意义

板素（Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ，ＬＮ）为基底膜（ＢＭ）糖蛋白，它具有促进细胞粘附、调节细胞分化等多种生物学效应［１，２］。近年来，它与肿瘤生物学行为的关系引起人们重视［２，３］。我们用抗ＬＮ抗体，并采用免疫组化技术显示基底细胞癌（ＢＣＣ）、鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ）和恶性黑素瘤（ＭＭ）瘤组织中的ＬＮ，试探讨它在皮肤恶性肿瘤中的生物学意义。一、资料和方法（一）资料来源：收集１９８１～１９９１年间我院存档蜡块９５份，其中ＢＣＣ２８份，ＳＣＣ３１份，ＭＭ３６份。（二）主要试剂及方法：兔抗鼠ＬＮ抗血清（购于北京医科大学…     

雌激素受体在女性面部皮肤的表达

用免疫组化方法检测雌激素受体在女性面部皮肤中的表达.探讨皮肤形态特点和老化与雌激素的关系.显示雌激素受体的两种亚型(ERα,ERβ)在皮肤均有表达,其中ERα只表达在皮脂腺细胞核中;ERβ在皮肤表达广泛,是皮肤的主要雌激素受体,真皮成纤维细胞、表皮基底细胞、皮脂腺细胞、毛囊外毛根鞘细胞、汗管内皮细胞均有ERβ表达.皮肤是雌激素重要的靶器官,可从各个方面影响皮肤的结构和功能.毛发的生长和脱落,皮脂分泌、皮肤老化进程都与雌激素有关.     

雌激素β受体在恶性黑素瘤中的研究进展

越来越多的研究提示,恶性黑素瘤是一种激素依赖性肿瘤,其发病率男性高于女性,女性患者预后较好.β受体是黑素瘤中主要的雌激素受体,可以抑制细胞增殖,具有抑癌作用.随着肿瘤的进展,其表达量逐渐下降,与恶性黑素瘤的发生发展密切相关.女性雌激素β受体水平明显高于男性,可能与恶性黑素瘤女性患者预后更好相一致.未来雌激素受体β及其激动剂可作为评价预后的重要标志及新的治疗策略.     

CXCR7在常见皮肤恶性肿瘤及其细胞株中的表达及意义

目的 探讨趋化因子受体CXCR7在皮肤鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株中的表达及其意义。方法 收集30例皮肤鳞状细胞癌、25例基底细胞癌、30例皮肤黑素瘤的癌组织,采用免疫组织化学方法,检测CXCR7蛋白表达水平。采用RT-PCR、细胞免疫组化方法检测CXCR7在A375、M14、A431、HaCaT细胞株中mRNA及蛋白水平。结果 CXCR7在侵袭性皮肤黑素瘤中表达明显,高表达率为80%（24/30）,皮肤鳞状细胞癌及基底细胞癌分别为26.67%（8/30）、8%（2/25）;皮肤黑素瘤CXCR7高表达率与鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为17.16和28.36,P值均 < 0.05）。CXCR7 mRNA在A375、M14、A431细胞株中均可检出,其中A375表达最强,而HaCaT细胞不表达;细胞免疫组化显示,仅在A375细胞见棕黄色颗粒着色。结论 皮肤黑素瘤及其细胞株A375高表达CXCR7,其可能参与了其恶性侵袭与转移。     

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in cutaneous malignant lymphomas

Background: Lymphoid cells may express somatostatin receptors (SS-Rs) on their cell surface. Therefore radiolabeled somatostatin analogues may be used to visualize SS-R—positive lymphoid neoplasms in vivo. Exact staging is the basis for treatment decisions in cutaneous malignant lymphoma. We considered the possibility that SS-R scintigraphy might offer a clinically useful method of diagnostic imaging in patients with cutaneous malignant lymphoma.Objective: We evaluated SS-R scintigraphy in comparison with conventional staging methods in the staging of cutaneous malignant lymphoma.Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 14 consecutive patients with histologically proven cutaneous malignant lymphoma. SS-R scintigraphy was compared with physical, radiologic, and bone marrow examinations. Lymph node excisions were performed in patients with palpable lymph nodes.Results: SS-R scintigraphy was positive in the lymph nodes in all four patients with malignant lymph node infiltration and negative in the three patients with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. In two patients, previously unsuspected lymphoma localizations were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. In only three patients all skin lesions were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy; these three patients had not been treated with topical corticosteroids. SS-R scintigraphy failed to detect an adrenal mass in one patient and bone marrow infiltration in two patients.Conclusion: SS-R scintigraphy may help distinguish dermatopathic lymphadenopathy from malignant lymph node infiltration in patients with cutaneous malignant lymphoma.     

皮肤恶性黑素瘤中基质金属蛋白酶-9及其组织抑制物-1的表达及意义

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及其组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)在皮肤恶性黑素瘤中的表达及其临床、病理学意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P方法观察MMP-9和TIMP-1在51例皮肤黑素瘤及15例色素痣石蜡切片中的表达,使用图像分析技术对免疫组化结果进行定量分析。结果:与色素痣比较,皮肤恶性黑素瘤中MMP-9表达较强(P<0.05),MMP-9/TIMP-1比值较高(P<0.05)。MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达及MMP-9/TIMP-1比值与黑素瘤浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。有淋巴结转移者MMP-9表达较强(P<0.05),MMP-9/TIMP-1比值较高(P<0.05)。结论:MMP-9、TIMP-1蛋白的表达与皮肤恶性黑素瘤的侵袭性有关,MMP-9/TIMP-1比值增高提示肿瘤具有较高侵袭转移能力。     

Fas and Fas ligand: expression and soluble circulating levels in cutaneous malignant melanoma

BACKGROUND: The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system plays a key part in maintaining tissue homeostasis via the induction of apoptosis. Functional impairment of the Fas/FasL system is associated with the development and progression of malignancies. Malignant melanoma cells and tissues have been shown to express Fas and FasL to variable extents. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the expression and the presence of soluble circulating levels of Fas and FasL in cutaneous malignant melanoma. METHODS: Biopsy specimens of 42 patients with primary melanoma and nine patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma were obtained for immunohistochemistry studies. All patients were followed for at least 5 years. In another 46 patients with melanoma (15 stage I and II; 11 stage III; and 20 stage IV) and in 10 healthy volunteer control subjects circulating levels of Fas and FasL were analysed with commercial ELISA tests. RESULTS: FasL was strongly positive in 38 (90%) of 42 primary melanomas; two of nine metastases did not express FasL. In the primary melanomas Fas was strongly or intensely positive in 17 (40%), moderately or weakly positive in 10 (24%) and negative in 15 (36%) of 42 melanomas. Soluble Fas plasma levels in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were significantly elevated over those in the control group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of Fas in most of the thick melanomas that did not metastasize, and in insitu melanomas, might be taken as a theoretical factor for a good prognosis. Soluble Fas is increased in patients with metastatic melanoma and might be associated with poor prognosis.     

Cutaneous leiomyomas lack estrogen and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy is useful in treating uterine and some extrauterine smooth muscle tumors. These smooth muscle tumors have been demonstrated to have estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity. The estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity of smooth muscle tumors of the skin has not been reported. We evaluated 15 examples of cutaneous leiomyomas for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor with ER-1D5 antibody and PGR-1A6 antibody. None of the 15 cutaneous leiomyomas demonstrated positive staining by this method. The tumorigenesis of cutaneous leiomyomas does not appear to be related to estrogen or progesterone receptor-mediated effects.     

皮肤黑色素瘤诊治的误区

目的揭示皮肤黑色素瘤诊断和治疗的误区，探讨合理诊断和治疗黑色素瘤的方法。方法结合有关文献，并对15例足部皮肤黑色素瘤的病程和治疗进行分析。结果大多数患者没有及时就医以及医疗单位病检取材不合理。结论正确取材活检，明确切除范围，及时手术以及一期修复组织缺损是有效防止癌肿扩散，提高生存率的关键。     

Expression of estrogen receptor beta in normal skin, melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas.

Sex hormones are known to be associated with increases of melanocytes and melanin production in human skin. However, the expression of estrogen receptor (ERalpha) in melanocytic lesions has been controversial. In 1996, a new subset of estrogen receptor was cloned, and named estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). We used immunohistochemical staining to characterize the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in normal skin and in melanocytic lesions. Normal sebaceous glands and hair follicles were positive for ERalpha and ERbeta. Other adnexal structures and constituents in the skin were positive for ERbeta, but not for ERalpha. Melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas were negative for ERalpha, but both were positive for ERbeta. The ubiquitous expression of ERbeta may play a fundamental role in various normal skin cells and melanocytic tumors.     

Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma

We show that malignant melanoma cells display high levels of autophagy, a cytoplasmic process of protein and organelle digestion that provides an energy source in times of nutrient deprivation. In a panel of 12 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma of the superficial spreading type, cells in florid melanoma in situ (MIS) and invasive cells in the dermis appeared to be undergoing autophagy. Autophagosomes were detected through immunohistochemistry using the marker LC3B (microtubule‐associated light chain 3B), and by electron microscopy. Some autophagosomes contained melanized melanosomes, accounting for the phenomenon of ‘coarse melanin’ in malignant melanoma. Autophagosomes also contained the Golgi 58k protein, a structural component of the Golgi apparatus, and β1, 6‐branched oligosaccharides, indicating that at least some of the autophagosomal proteins were glycosylated with these structures. The findings suggest that autophagy could be a constitutive metabolic state for invasive and metastatic melanoma cells. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was also expressed by tumor‐associated melanophages. The findings are consistent with previous reports that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives melanoma progression, since ER stress is known to trigger autophagy. The results suggest that therapies inhibiting autophagy may be effective for the treatment of malignant melanoma by depriving cells of an important energy source. Lazova R, Klump V, Pawelek J. Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma.     

Epidemiology of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in Jordan

Background Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma is an uncommon tumor in Jordan compared with other countries. There are no previous comprehensive Jordanian studies on this tumor and proper statistical data on morbidity and incidence are nonexistent. The purpose of this paper was to study the epidemiologic aspects of cutaneous malignant melanoma among Jordanians. Methods Both the clinical and the histopathologic feature of 138 melanoma patients (86 men, median age 56; 52 women, median age 53) seen during the period November 1969-May 1994 were studied. The analysed data included age, sex, skin type, race, socioeconomic status, exposure to sunlight, trauma, and family history. Results Malignant melanoma was found to be more common in men than women, in the ratio of approximately 2:1, due to the higher exposure of men to sunlight, and occurred more in people with skin types I, II, and III, and less in people with skin types IV and V. The majority of cases were of the superficial spreading variety, followed by the nodular, lentigo maligna, and acrolentiginous melanomas, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma, formerly considered a rare tumor in Jordan, is now recognized to be on the increase. Exposure to sunlight seems to be the most prominent risk factor in the development of this tumor among Jordanians.     

Late metastases of cutaneous malignant melanoma

Although late recurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a known clinical phenomenon, only 12 adequately documented cases exist in the literature. We describe two female patients with CMM who developed melanoma metastases 18 years after radical excision of their primary tumours and presumed cure. Increasing numbers of reports of cases of delayed metastases of CMM might have implications for management and follow up of melanoma patients.