筋膜间室综合征早期诊断的实验研究

目的：建立筋膜间室综合征动物模型,以便寻找早期诊断筋膜间室综合征的方法。方法：用血压计袖带包绕犬小腿,充气至80kPa压迫12h建立实验模型。12只犬做自身前后对照,动态检测血浆肌磷酸激酶（CPK）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酶脱氢酶（LDH）以及组织压、经皮氧分压和神经传导速度,松开袖带后96h取材行病理检查。结果：松开袖带后12h组织压达到7．7kPa,此时血CPK、AST和LDH分别比正常值高37,21和12倍;经皮氧分压降低为正常值的1／2（4．0kPa);神经传导速度为零;病理显示为不可逆变化。结论：本研究动物模型成功、可靠;CPK、AST、LDH、组织压、经皮氧分压和神经传导速度均可作为筋膜间室综合征的早期诊断指标。     

负压封闭引流术在骨筋膜室综合征筋膜切开减压术中的临床研究

<正>骨筋膜室综合征(osteofacial compartment syndrome,OCS)是由骨、骨间膜、肌间隔和深筋膜形成的密闭的骨筋膜室中组织压力突然升高而引起的肌肉神经急性缺血导致的一系列症状和体征~([1])。常见的病因有骨折、肢体受挤压、肢体血管损伤、骨折后固定不当等~([2]),按照病因的作用特点分为两种类型:(1)血管型,如血管阻塞、骨折引起的血管反射性痉挛;(2)非血管型,如骨筋膜室内容物增加(出血或渗液增多)和筋膜室容积减小(包扎或固定不当、严重受压)~([3])。     

令人闻之色变的骨筋膜室综合征

在日常生产活动中,各类创伤的发生使患者遭受不同程度病痛,挤压伤的发生较常见,如道路交通伤、高处坠落伤、建筑物倒塌、矿井坍塌等,其中一类严重的并发症是骨筋膜室综合征,又称筋膜室综合征,是指由骨、骨间膜、肌间隔、深筋膜等组成的所有密闭的解剖空间,即筋膜室内任何原因造成的组织间隙压力超过灌注压, 导致筋膜室内组织(如肌肉神经...     

局部加压包扎治疗经桡动脉PCI术后并发骨筋膜室综合征

目的评价弹力绷带加压包扎治疗经桡动脉途径行冠心病介入治疗（PCI）早期并发骨筋膜室综合征的临床疗效。方法对8例经桡动脉途径行冠心病介入治疗并发骨筋膜室综合征给予弹力绷带局部加压包扎治疗。结果 8例经桡动脉途径行PCI术后并发骨筋膜室综合征患者无需外科手术治疗,经弹力绷带加压包扎24～48 h后均症状消失,无后遗症。结论经桡动脉途径行PCI治疗并发骨筋膜室综合征早期,可给予弹力绷带局部加压包扎治疗,无需外科手术,疗效满意。     

引流置管治疗早期小腿筋膜室综合征5例

骨筋膜室综合征是肢体骨筋膜间隔区肌肉、神经和血管等组织因急性严重缺血造成的综合征。以往,一旦发现此征象即切开减压,而我们一改常规做法,采用多处留置引流法治疗,疗效较好。     

高压氧早期介入治疗胸主动脉破裂合并左下肢骨筋膜室综合征一例

骨筋膜室综合征( OCS)是创伤外科常见的较为严重的并发症,主要发生于小腿和前臂掌侧.我科2008年12月上治1例胸主动脉破裂合并左下肢骨筋膜室综合征患者,经高压氧早期介入与内外科联合治疗取得满意疗效.现报道如下.     

骨筋膜室综合征的病理生理机制及诊断研究进展

急性骨筋膜室综合征是指骨筋膜室内的肌肉和神经因急性缺血、低氧而产生的一系列早期症候群.由于骨筋膜室综合征的临床症状和体征多变不具特异性,并且除了创伤以外还有很多其他原因,故其诊断和治疗仍然是个难题.另外其病理生理机制至今仍不清楚,导致没有理想的诊断策略.本文对骨筋膜室综合征的病理生理过程及诊断方法进行了整理汇总,并为以后的诊断和治疗指出了可能的方向.     

一种治疗早期骨筋膜室综合征的内切开刀

骨筋膜室综合征（osteofascial compartment syndrome,OCS）是肢体创伤后骨筋膜室内高压导致神经肌肉缺血,甚至坏死的一种骨科常见急症。确诊后即刻行彻底切开深筋膜,是目前唯一有效的治疗措施。近年来,很多学者在筋膜内压测量和手术指征方面进行了大量的实验研究。本研究小组设计了一种治疗早期骨筋膜室综合征的内切开刀,即简易深筋膜切开刀。该装置操作容易,安全有效。     

针刀切割加粗针抽吸治疗胫骨筋膜室综合征

骨筋膜室综合征是伞训胫腓骨骨折最严重并发症之一。早期诊治,保存患肢功能,是降低伤残率的关键。笔者采用针刀闭式切割加粗针抽吸对小腿骨筋膜室综合征的早期患者进行减压治疗,辅以患肢牵引制动、降温、脱水、抗炎及抗再灌注损伤,疗效满意,现报告如下。1 对象与方法1.1 对象 2000年6月至2005年2月收治因跳伞训练所致小腿骨筋膜室综合征21例,男20例,女     

小腿骨筋膜室综合征45例报告

小腿骨筋膜室综合征如诊治不及时 ,可导致肌肉及神经坏死 ,肢体功能严重残废 ,甚至危及病人生命。早期根据症状体征和测压 ,即可迅速地明确诊断并及时治疗 ,使肢体功能完全恢复     

The evaluation and treatment ofexertional compartment syndrome

Exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of exercise-induced legpain in the athletic population. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology is not clearly understood. The use of 31P-NMR has shown that ischemia is not a significant component of ECS because it is in the acute syndrome. A primary diagnosis can be made after a thorough history and physical examination. In a young patient with leg pain that is only exercise induced, reproducible and associated with a normal physical examination, a diagnosis of ECS is likely and does not need to be a diagnosis of exclusion. Confirmation with intracompartmental pressure measurement still remains the gold standard before further management. Nonoperative management is usually ineffective and fasciotomies of the affected leg(s) and compartment is the recommended treatment in the symptomatic patient. At our center, the use of a two-incision anterior and lateral compartment release, and a one-incision posterior compartment release has been very successful in returning athletes symptom free to their sporting level.     

镁盐对犬心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

建立整体犬急性心肌缺血-再灌注模型，在心肌缺血后再灌注前静脉滴注硫酸镁（MgSO4），以观察镁盐对再灌注区心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和脂质过氧化反应代谢产物——丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响，着重分析与血清肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）水平和心肌超微结构病变的关系。结果表明，镁盐组再灌注区心肌组织SOD活性（1.19±0．21U·（mgProt）－1）较再灌组（0.31±0．06U·（mgPro）－1）明显升高（P＜0．01），而MDA含量明显降低（P＜0．01），同时伴有血清CPK水平下降（P＜0．01），超微结构损伤亦较再灌组轻。结果提示，镁益对缺血后再灌注心肌具有明显的保护作用。     

Intramuscular pressures in exercise-induced lower leg pain

Intramuscular pressures were measured in 12 patients with symptoms of medial tibial syndrome and in 12 patients with chronic anterior compartment syndrome. Measurements were performed with the wick catheter technique simultaneously in the deep posterior and the anterior tibial muscle compartments before, during, and after exercise. In the deep posterior compartment there was no pressure increase during or after exercise as compared to controls in either patient group. However, a significant pressure increase was present in the anterior tibial compartment during and after exercise in the patients with chronic anterior compartment syndrome as compared to normal resting values. The medial tibial syndrome patients demonstrated in the anterior tibial muscle compartment, exercise and post-exercise pressures, which were between those of the healthy controls and the chronic anterior compartment syndrome patients. The so-caLled medial tibial syndrome is probably not a compartment syndrome in the deep posterior muscle compartment. Intramuscular pressure measurement is a valuable tool in diagnosing a chronic compartment syndrome and in selecting patients in whom fasciotomy of the affected compartment is indicated.     

狗,兔颅脑冲击损伤程度的判别

本次实验使用简易冲击装置对狗和兔的枕部进行了撞击.其目的是观察颅脑发生不同程度损伤时脑脊液中CPK,颅内压等指标的变化.结果表明,随着颅脑损伤程度的加重,CPK 和颅内压均呈指数增加,似可作为衡量动物颅脑损伤程度的指标.实验中还观察到,发生脑震荡的动物,其行为和生理指标都有明显的特殊反应,初步提供了判别动物脑震荡的实验依据.     

Morphologic investigation of injury caused by locally applied negative pressure in a rat model

Although some previous studies have reported patients who developed compartment syndrome or died because of locally applied negative pressure, no detailed investigation of pathologic changes caused by negative pressure-induced injury has been reported in the literature. The main purpose of this study was to examine the morphologic characteristics of injury caused by local negative pressure and correlate these with systemic changes. A total of 30 male Wister rats were used. Animals were randomly assigned to 6 groups. Negative pressure was applied to the right hindlimb of each animal in each group for periods of 0 (sham-operated), 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 min using a vacuum pump. Macroscopic and microscopic changes induced by local negative pressure were already observed after 30 min and were exacerbated with time. The proportion of muscle degeneration was highest in the deep tissues, irrespective of exposure time. The observed increase in the weight of the injured hindlimb at 180 min was caused by an approximately 30% fluid shift to the hindlimb, demonstrating that the application of negative pressure to the hindlimb of rats can induce hypovolemic shock. We here reveal the morphologic changes induced by local negative pressure and discuss possible mechanisms of negative pressure-induced injury.     

Acute and recurrent effort-related compartment syndrome in sports

An effort-related compartmental syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure in a muscle compartment impedes blood flow and compromises metabolic demands of the tissues within that space. One can clinically distinguish acute irreversible and chronic reversible types. The aetiology relates in most instances to a limiting noncompliant fascia surrounding the affected muscle compartment. Sports activity leads to increased muscle volume and if there is a noncompliant fascia this will result in an excessive intracompartmental pressure which interferes with muscle blood flow. As a consequence of a reduced intracompartmental blood flow a reversible (recurrent) or irreversible (acute) exercise ischaemia, a so-called 'compartmental syndrome' occurs. A compartment syndrome is typically encountered in the lower leg, but it can be also observed in the upper leg and even in the forearm. Clinical history plays a key role in the diagnosis. Pain, muscle tightness and cramp-like feeling are the most common complaints. Weakness, paralysis and numbness are seen, especially in the acute syndrome. Symptoms appear at a certain intensity of activity and disappear at rest in the chronic compartment syndrome, but in the acute type pain will persist and will be severe. It is clearly an effort-related pain syndrome. Physical examination is not always useful in diagnosing a recurrent syndrome, but in the acute syndrome one will find high sensitivity to pressure and tenseness over the involved muscle compartment. Decreased or loss of active motion and sensation in the involved compartment are frequently seen. Tissue pressure monitoring can confirm the diagnosis for both types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Analysis of pre- and postexercise compartment pressures in the medial compartment of the foot

Growing awareness of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot has led to the need for site-specific analysis of normative resting and postexertional intracompartment pressures. Thirty-four asymptomatic athletes underwent pressure testing of the medial foot compartment with an intracompartmental pressure measurement apparatus. Pressure measurements were recorded before exercise and after 20 minutes of running. Mean resting intracompartment pressure was 7.7 mm Hg, whereas mean pressures 1 and 5 minutes after exercise were 19.1 mm Hg and 10.7 mm Hg, respectively. These data were then compared with data from compartment pressure studies performed in nine symptomatic subjects, each with a clinical history suggestive of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the medial foot compartment. The results demonstrated normative compartment pressures of the medial foot compartment are comparable with previously measured pressures of the leg. This study shows that previously defined criteria for diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg may also be used for diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the foot.     

粘连性肠梗阻患者腹内压与病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的：研究粘连性肠梗阻的病变严重程度与腹内压的关系。方法：对确诊粘连性肠梗阻内住院治疗的120例患者,在入院后每隔8h采用间接法测量腹内压,不干预治疗方案。结果：手术组患者的腹内压明显高于非手术组（P〈0．01）,绞窄的腹内压明显高于非绞窄（P〈0．01）。结论：腹内压的变化与粘连性肠梗阻的病变严重程度存在相关性。对粘连性肠梗阻常规进行腹内压的监测,不但可及时诊断腹腔间隙综合征,而且可辅助判断粘连性肠梗阻的手术时机以及预后。     

Anterior compartment pressures in cross-country skiers. A comparison of classic and skating skis.

This paper compares the pressure changes in the anterior compartment of the leg when cross-country skiing using the skating method on either skating skis or classic skis. Intracompartmental pressures of the right leg were recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle of 10 subjects at rest and 15 seconds after 10 to 12 minutes of cross-country skiing on a designated course. All subjects completed two trials on different days. In one trial, subjects used skating skis and for the other trial, classic skis were used for the skating technique. Although the average pressure increase was higher for the classic ski trials than for the skating ski trials, the difference was not significant. This finding indicates that cross-country skiers who skate on a classic ski as opposed to a shorter skating ski do not experience a significantly greater increase in their anterior compartment pressure. Thus, it appears that the type of ski used is not the most significant factor contributing to chronic compartment syndrome.