16层CT多平面重建对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT多平面重建对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断价值.方法对389例眼眶爆裂性骨折病例进行16层螺旋CT轴位扫描并与多平面重建成像结果进行对比分析.结果轴位图像漏诊眶底壁骨折23例,冠状位图像未见漏诊病例;矢状位图像显示眼眶底壁骨折及其移位情况83例.结论轴位图像能显示眼眶内、外壁骨折,冠状位图像能显示眼眶四壁骨折,矢状位图像能显示眼眶底壁骨折及其移位情况,多平面重建能在一次轴位扫描后获得冠状及矢状位图像,可弥补轴位图像对眶底壁显示的不足,对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断具有重要价值.     

心房颤动患者肺静脉口解剖形态学：CT二维及三维重建研究

目的:应用CT二维平面及三维立体重建的方法描述并测量心房颤动患者肺静脉口解剖形态学.方法:30例在三维标测技术下行肺静脉前庭线性消融术治疗心房颤动的患者,术前应用CT进行心脏扫描,二维平面及三维立体重建后描述肺静脉口形态学特点并测量数据.结果:二维平面下水平位、冠状位、矢状位测量肺静脉口径线为:左上肺静脉(16.90±4.79)、(21.37±4.23)、(22.41±3.96) mm,左下肺静脉(13.50±3.99)、(15.84±3.22)、(16.82±3.63) mm,右上肺静脉(17.77±4.69)、(19.11±4.10)、(19.71±4.33) mm,右下肺静脉(15.33±3.88)、(16.20±4.00)、(17.10±4.24) mm.三维重建腔内测量肺静脉口最大径、最小径为:左上肺静脉(24.30±4.54)、(17.76±4.24) mm,左下肺静脉(19.10±4.45)、(12.27±3.52) mm,右上肺静脉(22.99±5.04)、(16.19±4.87) mm,右下肺静脉(18.63±4.60)、(14.46±3.48) mm.二维测量中所有上肺静脉径线均大于对应的下肺静脉径线(P<0.01);三维测量中除右上、下肺静脉最小径间无统计学差异外,余上肺静脉径线均大于对应的下肺静脉径线(P<0.01).结论:CT三维重建图像可真实反映肺静脉口解剖结构,可作为心脏介入相关手术术前了解肺静脉口的方法之一;肺静脉口结构变异性大,相关手术术前须充分认识.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建在眼眶骨折诊断中的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)技术在眼眶骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法:对36例眼眶骨折的患者,行轴位扫描后同时用骨算法及软组织算法薄层重建,结合MPR图像进行多方位观察,判断眼眶骨折的类型。结果:36例患者中爆裂骨折12例,直接骨折7例,混合型骨折17例。眶内侧壁骨折以横断面显示最佳,眶下壁骨折以冠状面及矢状面显示最佳,混合型骨折以冠状位图像显示最佳。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描及MPR重建对于判断眼眶骨折的类型、损伤的程度及范围、邻近骨骼及软组织损伤的情况以及是否需要手术治疗等方面均有较高的应用价值。     

骨性鼻泪管的64层螺旋CT测量及临床意义

目的利用64层CT备向同性特点探讨成人骨性鼻泪管多层螺旋CT解剖结构。方法对46例（86例）成人骨性鼻泪管区容积扫描,在其薄层MPR重组图像上测量骨性鼻泪管部分径线及角度,并观察管腔内及内外骨壁情况。结果成人骨性鼻泪管上端左右径（5．2±0.8）mm,上端前后径（5.8±0.8）mm,中部前后径（4.5±0．9）mm,前后径（5．9±1．2）mm,下端左右径（5．0±0.8）mm,前后径（7.6±1.1）mm．上下径（12．6±2．3）mm,孔口距（30．2±2．4）mm,与水平面及矢状面间夹角分别为（60.4±6.7）°、（3．7±2.6）°。所有测量数据左右间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,男女间在骨性鼻泪管上口前后径、上下径及孔口距差异有统计学意义;鼻泪管且自上而下有向外侧倾斜（63％）,向内斜（24％）和平行走行（13％）;大部分骨性鼻泪管内侧骨壁为薄壁（72％）;有11例鼻泪管内含气（13％）。结论64层螺旋CT薄层MPR图像是显示骨性鼻泪管解剖结构和空间走行简易可靠影像学方法。     

高分辨率CT三维重建图像在眼眶骨折影像诊断中的价值

目的探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)三维重建图像(3DCT)在眼眶骨折的临床应用价值,以提高该病的诊断水平。方法83例眼眶骨折患者均行横断位HRCT检查,其中23例又行冠状位扫描。均作骨算法、重建冠状位图像、矢状位图像及3DCT成像。结果83例眼眶骨折中眶缘骨折11例,58例眶内侧壁骨折,眶下壁骨折14例。结论HRCT的3DCT图像能细致地显示眼眶区的解剖结构,全面、准确观察眼眶骨折的部位、程度及其异常改变,为影像诊断和法医学鉴定提供了可靠的依据。     

多层螺旋CT MPVR重建对眶骨爆裂性骨折的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT轴扫与多平面重建(MPVR)对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断中的价值. 方法 对43例眼眶爆裂性骨折患者分别进行螺旋轴扫后在进行多平面重建,分析骨折的CT征象,再与常规轴扫的图像对比. 结果 43例眼眶爆裂性骨折中,轴扫 MPVRCT显示直接征象29例,间接征象14例.冠状位重建显示直接征象20例,6例上下走行的骨折显示不清,"泪滴征"8例;横断位扫描显示直接征象23例,8例前后走行的骨折未能显示,"泪滴征"均未显示.其它间接征象在冠状、横断位扫描均可显示. 结论 CT对眼眶爆裂性骨折的诊断价值较大,MPVR冠状位与横断位相互补充,明显提高病变的检出率.     

眶尖部的断层影像解剖学研究

①目的　通过眶尖部结构的断层影像解剖研究 ,为鼻内镜下眶尖部手术提供可靠的解剖学数据 ,减少手术并发症。②方法　随机选取 30例成人尸头进行CT扫描 ,对前鼻棘至眶尖部各结构的距离、侧偏角、视神经管及眶上裂各径线长度、毗邻关系等进行断层影像解剖观测。并将CT扫描图像与断层切片进行对照。③结果断层影像测量前鼻棘至视神经管眶口、颅口内侧壁的距离分别为 (70 .35± 4 .93)、(72 .76± 5 .0 3)mm ,侧偏角分别为9.6 5°± 1.30°、5 .4 4°± 0 .86°。视神经管内侧壁中部最薄 ,视神经管中部为视神经管最狭窄的部位。④结论以FV平面作为轴位扫描基线 ,结合水平及冠状位CT图像进行分析 ,有利于眶尖部结构的准确定位     

髋关节斜冠位断层解剖在颈干角测量中的价值

目的 研究髋关节斜冠状位的影像断层解剖在颈干角测量中的应用,为外科学提供准确的量化指标.方法 (1)对髋关节标本进行冠状位和斜冠位连续薄层断面解剖铣切.(2)选取患者108例,对其髋关节进行螺旋CT扫描,在CT工作站上进行冠状位、斜冠位重建和三维重建,测量颈干角.结果 (1)斜冠位可在同一层面显示股骨头、颈、干最大径.(2)斜冠位和三维图像所测颈干角差异无统计学意义,冠状位和三维图像所测颈干角差异有统计学意义.结论 髋关节斜冠位断层解剖和CT重建为颈干角准确测量的最佳方位.     

多层螺旋CT后处理测量肩胛盂径线的实验研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）后处理测量肩胛盂径线的方法。方法收集成人肩胛骨干标本50个、成人肩关节防腐湿标本50个,用16层螺旋CT扫描仪扫描,行轴位厚层多平面重组（MPR）、薄层多平面重组测量肩胛盂扭转角,进行统计学处理。结果肩胛盂前后最大径厚层MPR测量值（2．45±0．27）cm,干标本薄层MPR测量值（2．44±0．26）cm,湿标本薄层MPR测量值（2．59±0．32）cm;轴位盂窝深度厚层MPR测量值（2．27±0．58）mm,薄层MPR测量值（2．34±0．68）mm;轴位盂窝后松质骨深度厚层MPR测量值（1．90±0．28）cm,薄层MPR测量值（1．92±0．28）cm;轴位盂窝后1cm松质骨宽度厚层MPR测量值（1．08±0．23）em,薄层MPR测量值（1．02±0．20）em;盂上下最大径厚层MPR测量值（3．36±0．30）cm,薄层MPR测量值（3．39±0．28）cm;冠状位盂窝深度干标本厚层MPR测量值（4．35±0．65）mm,湿标本厚层MPR测量值（3．90±0．93）mm。薄层MPR测量值（4．53±0．79）mm;冠状位盂窝后松质骨深度薄层MPR测量值（1.97±0．29）cm;冠状位盂窝后1cm松质骨宽度干标本薄层MPR测量值（3．67±0．58）cm,湿标本薄层MPR测量值（3．42±0．55）cm。结论多层螺旋CT多平面重组（MPR）测量肩胛盂径线是简单、快捷的方法。     

螺旋CT多平面重建对眼眶外伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)在眼眶外伤诊断中的临床价值。方法31例眼眶外伤经螺旋CT轴位扫描的基础上进行MPR重建的患者,观察其眶部结构关系。结果31例患者中,内壁骨折15例,外壁骨折8例,上壁骨折4例,下壁骨折4例。以内、外壁骨折最为多见。螺旋CT多平面重建图像对不同眶壁骨折的观察具有明显优势,视神经、眼外肌等软组织与骨折的关系清晰显示。结论螺旋CT MPR技术为眼眶外伤的诊断提供了可靠的影像资料,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.