血浆、胃液cAMP及cGMP测定对鉴别良恶性胃病的临床意义

目的　探讨血浆、胃液环磷酸腺苷 (c AMP) ,环磷酸鸟苷 (c GMP) ,c AMP/ c GMP(CA/ CG)比值测定对鉴别良恶性胃病的临床意义。方法　对 1 0 7例因胃肠道症状接受胃镜检查配合活检确诊 ,分为慢性胃炎组 50例 ,溃疡病组 2 5例 ,胃癌组 32例 ,用放免法分别测定血浆、胃液 c AMP、 c GMP、 CA/ CG比值。结果　 32例胃癌患者测定血浆 c GMP5.88± 1 .0 3pmol/ ml　 CA/ CG3.80～ 3.31及胃液 c GMP1 .0 3± 0 .1 7pmol/ ml,CA/ CG比值 2 .78～ 2 .2 9。与慢性胃炎组及溃疡病组相比 P值均 <0 .0 1 ,有显著性差异。血浆及胃液 c AMP分别及 1 8.70± 1 .38pmol/ ml及 2 .66±0 .57pmol/ ml与各组相比无差异 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　测定体液 c GMP及 CA/ CG辅助鉴别良恶性胃病有重要临床意义 ;对癌前状态高危人群定期检测环核苷酸可望提高早癌检出率 ;并可作为预估胃癌术后复发的一项指标     

胃液糖类抗原19-9/72-4联合检测对胃癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨胃液糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)联合检测诊断胃癌的可行性.方法 应用自制胃液采集器通过胃镜分别采集研究组胃癌30例、对照组萎缩性胃炎32例、胃溃疡30例 和慢性浅表性胃炎30例患者的胃液,以ES-300全自动酶免分析仪批量同步检测CA72-4、CA19-9的表达.结果 研究组CA72-4、CA19-9检测水平分别为(83.54±143.70)U/ml和(47.05±29.64)U/ml,阳性检出率分别为76.66%和43.33%,均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);两者联合检查阳性率可达80.00%,32例萎缩性胃炎有2例CA72-4升高,其中1例患者9个月后确诊为胃癌.结论 胃液CA72-4、CA19-9联合检测可作为胃癌诊断的参考依据,也是晚期胃癌的重要指标.     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者胃黏膜、胃液及血清中乙肝病毒标志物相关性研究

目的通过研究慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者胃液、胃黏膜及血清中乙型肝炎病毒标志物的存在情况,分析它们之间的相互关系,以探讨乙型肝炎病毒感染对慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者胃黏膜病变的影响及乙型肝炎病毒消化道传播的可能性。方法对60例慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者同时行胃镜检查,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测胃液、血清中HBsAg、HBeAg、anti-HBs、anti-HBe、anti-HBc,免疫组织化学法(Envision)检测胃黏膜组织中HBsAg、HBcAg。结果 60例慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者胃液中HBsAg、HBeAg的检出率分别为80.0%、25.0%。其胃液中的HBsAg、HBeAg与血清中HBsAg、HBeAg之间无统计学意义(P>0.05),部分血清中HBsAg、HBeAg阴性者,胃液中HBsAg、HBeAg出现阳性。60例慢性HBV感染者胃黏膜组织中HBsAg和(或)HBcAg阳性29例,在胃黏膜组织中单项HBsAg阳性2例,单项HBcAg阳性10例,同时阳性17例,胃黏膜中HBsAg、HBcAg与血清中的HBVM比较,无统计学意义。60例慢性HBV病毒感染者中29例胃黏膜组织中可检测到HBsAg和(或)HB...     

急性脑出血并发应激性溃疡患者血浆及胃液中胃动素水平的研究

目的:研究急性脑出血并发应激性溃疡(SU)患者血浆胃液中胃动素(motilin,MTL)水平,探讨MTL在SU发病过程中的作用.方法:选择35例急性脑出血并发SU患者,在出现SU的当天、第三至五天、第十至十四天,同时采血液及胃液并应用放射免疫的方法测定MTL水平,并与30例对照组比较.结果:急性脑出血并发SU的患者当天血浆及胃液MTL水平均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);第三至五天与发病当天比较,有增高趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与对照组比较明显增高(P＜0.01);第十至十四天,降至正常水平(与对照组相比P＞0.05).SU患者血浆与胃液中MTL水平相比无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:急性脑出血患者SU发生与血浆及胃液中MTL水平增高有关.     

Voltammetric determination of N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine in simulated gastric juice

A voltammetric method has been developed for the determination of N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine (DNPZ) in simulated gastric juice. The method is based on measuring the differential pulse polarographic peak produced in pH 3 Britton Robinson buffer. A well defined, diffusion-controlled cathodic wave was obtained at -0.77 V versus Ag/AgCl over the range 0.4-24 microg/ml with minimum detectability (S/N = 2) of 0.072 microg/ml (5 x 10(-7) M). The proposed method was successfully applied to study the possible in vivo production of the nitroso-derivatives of piperazine under the standard nitrosation reaction conditions recommended by WHO. The method has some distinct advantages over the reported GC methods.     

Transdermally administered nicotine accumulates in gastric juice

Methods: Transdermal nicotine patches (Nicorette^® 15?mg ? 16?h^–1) were administered to 7 healthy volunteers. Nicotine concentrations in gastric juice were monitored for 8?h via a naso-gastric tube and so was nicotine in saliva and plasma. Results: Nicotine accumulated in gastric juice, the average concentration being 60.6-times higher than in plasma. In saliva, too, the concentration was higher than in plasma, the average ratio being 10.5. These results strongly suggested ion-trapping of nicotine base in the acidic gastric juice and possibly also in the acinar cells, followed by active secretion. It is hypothesised that accumulation in saliva occurs via a similar mechanism. Pretreatment with omeprazole did not increase the pH to a sufficiently high degree to test the hypothesis that the accumulation of nicotine in gastric juice was pH dependent. Conclusions: Transdermal administration of nicotine produced a high intragastric concentration. The clinical consequence of this effect of long-term nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation is unclear.     

Voltammetric determination of N-nitrosoderivatives of atenolol and propranolol in simulated gastric juice

A highly sensitive and simple voltammetric method is proposed for the determination of N-nitrosoatenolol (NA) and N-nitrosopropranolol (NP) in simulated gastric juice. The method is based on measuring the differential-pulse polarographic peak produced by NA and NP in Britton-Robinson buffers of pH 3 and 4 for NA and NP, respectively. Both compounds yielded diffusion-controlled current with diffusion-current constants of 7.23 +/- 0.03 and 9.46 +/- 0.06 for NA and NP, respectively. The current-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 0.16-9.6 micrograms ml-1 with minimum detectability (S/N = 2) of 0.015 microgram ml-1 (5 x 10(-8) M) for NA; for NP the range was 0.08-8.0 micrograms ml-1 with minimum detectability (S/N = 2) of 0.009 microgram ml-1 (3 x 10(-8) M). The proposed method was successfully applied to study the possible in vivo production of the nitroso-derivatives under the standard nitrosation reaction conditions recommended by WHO. The method is characterized by simplicity and higher sensitivity as compared with the reported HPLC method.     

3种竹子制备鲜竹沥中愈创木酚含量的比较

目的比较金竹、水竹、寿竹3种竹子制备的鲜竹沥中愈创木酚的含量差异。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定愈创木酚的含量。结果愈创木酚进样量在0.5-5.0μg与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 95,平均加样回收率为99.40%,RSD为2.17%（n=6）;水竹鲜竹沥中愈创木酚含量最高（10.00μg·mL^-1）,金竹次之（8.80μg·mL^-1）,寿竹最低（4.26μg·mL^-1）。结论3种竹子制备的鲜竹沥愈创木酚含量存在较大差异,本方法操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,重现性好．可作为鲜竹沥原料质量控制的方法。     

LC determination of enrofloxacin

A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of enrofloxacin in raw material and injection. The validation method yielded good results and included the range, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and limit quantification (LOQ) values. The HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a C-18 absorbosphere column (150×4.6 mm i.d. 5 μm particle size) with a phase composed of sodium acetate (pH 4.7; 0.1 M): acetonitrile (60:40, v/v; pH 5.0), pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1.5 ml min⁻¹. The effluent was monitored at 278 nm with the eluting solvent. The calibration graph for enrofloxacin was linear from 10.0 to 80.0 μg ml⁻¹.     

Presence and stability of gastrin in the gastric juice of the fetal sheep

Although gastrin is found in adult gastric juice, rapid enzymatic destruction by pepsin in the acid environment makes a physiological role in the adult unlikely. Gastric pH in the fetal sheep is neutral so that gastric juice gastrin could be present, and if present, have a physiological function. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, molecular forms and metabolism of gastrin in gastric juice. Gastrin was present in fetal gastric juice at significantly higher concentrations than in fetal plasma. The majority of gastric juice gastrin was present as the biologically active gastrin-17. Gastrin was stable in normal fetal gastric juice, but was rapidly metabolized to smaller C-terminal fragments when the gastric juice was acidified. With the known growth promoting effect of gastrin on gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrin in fetal juice could have a unique role in the in utero development of the gastrointestinal tract.     

小于34周早产儿胃液pH值与呼吸暂停相关的护理研究

目的寻求纠正小于34周早产儿胃液pH值预防过酸的胃液返流入食管中段刺激迷走神经反射性致非窒息性呼吸暂停护理方法。方法本研究选取60例胎龄小于34周无合并症早产儿,其中对照组30例,观察组30例。对照组：按传统护理,每天按4ml／次／kg计算给与每次奶量,Q3H喂养一次,餐后自由体位,每天按医嘱予小剂量红霉素或者吗叮林药物治疗。观察组：Q2H喂奶一次,第一天按0．5ml,次瓜g计算给与每次奶量[1],以后每天递增奶量按0．5ml／次／k计算;喂养后头高60度并俯卧位;喂奶前监测胃液pH值;观察记录呼吸暂停发生情况。实践证明全奶pH值6～7,符合胃液正常PH值。二组患儿就二种方法进行比较胃液pH值〈4的发生率及呼吸暂停发生频率。结果观察组胃液pH值〈4发生率（43．3％）低于对照组（90％）,呼吸暂停发生率（56．5％）低于对照组（93．3％）,P〈0．05,有统计学意义。结论纠正小于34周早产儿胃液pH值的早产儿,胃食管返流及呼吸暂停发生频率明显减少,有显著的临床实用意义。     

检测胃液癌胚抗原,糖链抗原及铁蛋白对胃癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨胃液中肿瘤标志物对诊断胃癌的临床价值。方法：通过胃镜抽取３０例胃癌和３８例胃溃疡患者的空腹胃液。用放射免疫法检测胃液中 ＣＥＡ、 ＣＡ５０、 Ｆｅｐ的含量。结果：胃癌与胃溃疡患者胃液ＣＥＡ测定值分别为　　± ｓ４９．１３±２４．９ｇ／Ｌ及１５．９±１３．８４ｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＡ５０测定值分别为　　±　ｓ　 ５６．５９±３１．３Ｋｕ／Ｌ及４０．２４±１６． ５Ｋｕ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）， Ｆｅｐ测定值分别为 ４７． ７１± ３８５ｇ／Ｌ及 ３８．８２ ± ２９．０３ｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。胃癌组胃液 ＣＥＡ、 ＣＡ５０的灵敏度分别是 ５３．５％及 ４６．７％联合检测 ＣＥＡ与 ＣＡ５０的灵敏度为 ８０％。结论：检测胃液肿瘤标志物对鉴别诊断良恶性胃病有一定的临床价值．     

Spectrophotometric, septrofluorimetric and LC determination of lisinopril

Three methods are described for the determination of lisinopril in the pharmaceutical tablets. The spectrophotometric method depends on the reaction of the lisinopril with sodium hypochlorite and phenyl hydrazine to form a condensation product measured at 362 nm. The spectrophotometric method was extended to develop a stability indicating method. The spectrofluorimetric method depends on reaction of the lisinopril with o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol in borate buffer pH 9.5. The fluorescence of the reaction product was measured upon excitation at a maximum of 340 nm with emission wavelength at 455 nm. The HPLC method depends on using Hypersil silica column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water–triethylamine (50:50:0.1 v/v) and the pH was adjusted to 2.6 with 0.1 N perchloric acid. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 210 nm based on peak area.     

HPLC determination of hesperidin, diosmin and eriocitrin in Iranian lime juice using polyamide as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction

Solid phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC were used for simultaneous determination of hesperidin, diosmin and eriocitrin in Iranian lime juice samples. The method involved very simple efficient SPE with polyamide cartridge, the use of mixture of water/acetonitrile/acetic acid (78:19:3, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and UV detection at 280 nm. Optimum conditions for SPE were achieved using 8 mL water/methanol (85:15, v/v, pH = 3) as the washing solution and 4 mL methanol for elution. SPE parameters, such as maximum loading capacity and breakthrough volume, were also determined for each analyte. Good clean-up and high > 90% were observed for all analytes. Limits of detection, limits of quantification, linear range, recovery, repeatability of retention times, and peak areas for hesperidin, diosmin and eriocitrin were 0.0283-0.0512 μg/mL, 0.0857-0.155 μg/mL, 0.0283-105.0 μg/mL (R² > 0.99), 93.3-98.1%, 3.2-4.7% and 2.8-3.6%, respectively. The method was applied to analysis of lime juice samples obtained from different locations of Iran.     

SOD在模拟小鼠胃肠道环境中的稳定性研究

本文对SOD经胃及肠道中的失活作用,包括胃酸和蛋白水解酶作用后活力的变化进行了测定.实验证明:SOD在胃酸中的残存活力为84.0%;在胃蛋白酶溶液中残存活力为82.3%;在胰酶溶液中的残存活力为83.1%.说明SOD对模拟胃肠道中的变性作用有较强的耐受力.本研究为SOD的口服提供理论依据.     

Simultaneous determination of different polyamines and their mono-acetylated derivatives in gastric tissue by HPLC with post-column derivatization

A simple and highly sensitive procedure is described enabling the simultaneous determination of biogenic polyamines (PAs) and their related monoacetyl derivatives in stomach tissue. The method is based on HPLC using octane sulfonate as an ion-pairing agent employed in acetate buffers at pH 4.5. The application is accompanied with fluorescence detection followed by post-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde at room temperature (20±0.5°C). N¹- and N⁸-acetylspermidines (ASPD) can be determined with this method in the same run without performing any special procedures or pre-purification in concentrations exceeding 8.5 pmoles. The variability in reproducibility of the day-today precision and duplicate determination, and simultaneous determination of standard mixture and biological samples were found < 2%. The mean (± s.e.mean) retention times (n=12) for putrescine (Put), N¹-ASPD, N⁸-ASPD, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) are 8.97±0.025; 17.64±0.063; 18.99±0.133; 28.20±0.070 and 39.81±0.098 min, respectively. The method was applied to determine PAs and specifically N¹- and N⁸-ASPD in glandular part of stomach tissue of fasting rats (STFR) without any interference with endogenous aminoacids, histamine, and other reactive moieties. PAs and both mono-ASPD have been successfully determined in the STFR and the values are as follows: Put 37.2±10.1; N¹-ASPD 5.88±0.48; N⁸-ASPD 4.43±0.94; Spd 750.7±22.7 and Spm 618.2±37.4 nmole/g of wet tissue. Information on gastric tissue polyamines and their acetylated derivatives may be useful in understanding the mechanism of drugs or agents that play some part in gastric ulcer production or its repair mechanisms.     

Suppression by protease-activated receptor-2 activation of gastric acid secretion in rats

Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a receptor activated by trypsin/tryptase, induces neurally mediated gastric mucus secretion accompanied by mucosal cytoprotection. In the present study, we investigated whether PAR-2 could modulate gastric acid secretion in rats. Messenger RNAs for PAR-2 and PAR-1 were detected in the gastric mucosa and smooth muscle. The PAR-2-activating peptide SLIGRL-NH(2), but not the inactive control peptide, when administered i.v., strongly suppressed gastric acid secretion in response to carbachol, pentagastrin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the rats with a pylorus ligation. The PAR-2-mediated suppression of acid secretion was resistant to cyclooxygenase inhibition or ablation of sensory neurons by capsaicin. Our results provide novel evidence that in addition to stimulating neurally mediated mucus secretion, activation of PAR-2 suppresses gastric acid secretion independently of prostanoid production or sensory neurons. These dual actions of PAR-2 would result in gastric mucosal cytoprotection.