冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉压迫方法的改进

目的 探讨冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉不同压迫止血方法的临床效果.方法 将100例经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入检查治疗的患者随机分成观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用弹力绷带加压包扎法.观察组采用宽胶带压迫止血法,比较两组止血效果.结果 两组各有2例患者发生局部出血;观察组SpO<,2>值,患侧手指发绀、肿胀发生率显著低于对照组,而舒适度显著高于对照组(均P<0.01).结论 经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入术后采用宽胶带压迫穿刺处止血法效果好,并发症少,舒适度高.     

冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉压迫方法的改进

目的探讨冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉不同压迫止血方法的临床效果。方法将100例经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入检查治疗的患者随机分成观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用弹力绷带加压包扎法．观察组采用宽胶带压迫止血法,比较两组止血效果。结果两组各有2例患者发生局部出血;观察组SpO2值。患侧手指发绀、肿胀发生率显著低于对照组,而舒适度显著高于对照组（均P〈0．01）。结论经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入术后采用宽胶带压迫穿刺处止血法效果好,并发症少,舒适度高。     

经桡动脉介入术后螺旋式止血器非闭塞性压迫法研究

目的探讨经桡动脉冠脉介入术后应用改良式非闭塞性压迫法的方法及效果。方法将经桡动脉行冠状动脉支架置入术后应用螺旋式桡动脉压迫器患者200例,随机分为对照组和干预组各100例。对照组采用常规护理方法;干预组应用非闭塞性桡动脉压迫法,即以压迫尺动脉后术侧拇指的SpO2≥0.95作为标准调节桡动脉止血器的压力强度,从而保证在加压过程中桡动脉一直处于开放状态。比较两组术侧肢体肿胀、疼痛程度及穿刺局部出血情况。结果两组均未出现严重出血情况,术后4h与术前术侧上肢各手指第2节周径差值差异有统计学意义(P0.01);干预组疼痛及术侧肢端肿胀程度显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论改良式非闭塞性压迫止血法既能及时减压而又不增加出血的风险,能有效预防PCI术后并发症,提高患者的舒适感。     

三种袖带加压法对老年急性冠脉综合征介入治疗患者前臂血肿的影响

目的 比较三种袖带加压法对老年急性冠脉综合征介入治疗患者前臂血肿的压迫效果。 方法 选取行介入治疗术后发生前臂血肿的老年急性冠脉综合征患者195例,按住院时间分为三组,每组65例。观察A、B两组采用智能电子血压计分别先测量肿胀、肱动脉处血压,对照组采用水银血压计测量肱动脉处血压,三组再均以袖带充气压比所测收缩压高30 mmHg,排气压为所测舒张压对血肿进行压迫。比较三组压迫期间患者手部肿胀情况、疼痛评分、指尖皮温及护士工作量;压迫结束时和压迫结束后1 h患者臂围、二次压迫情况。 结果 压迫期间三组患者手部肿胀情况、疼痛评分、指尖皮温比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,三组护士工作量、干预后患者臂围及二次压迫发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。 结论 采用智能电子血压计根据肿胀处血压对血肿进行加压压迫,可以减轻护士工作量,提高压迫效果。     

气囊压迫止血在冠状动脉介入诊疗术后的应用

目的观察气囊压迫止血在冠状动脉介入诊疗术后的应用效果,减少局部并发症的发生。方法将506例经股动脉穿刺行冠状动脉诊疗术的患者随机分为对照组（224例）和观察组（282例）,对照组术后穿刺点用弹力胶布固定,沙袋压迫止血;观察组用自制气囊压迫止血。观察两组止血效果、局部并发症发生率和术侧肢体舒适度。结果观察组出血2例（0.7%）,无局部并发症发生,30例（10.6%）患者诉术侧肢体麻木;对照组出血190例（84.8%）,131例（58.5%）局部皮肤发生并发症,219例（97.8%）诉术侧肢体麻木,两组比较,差异有显著性意义（均P〈0.01）。结论气囊压迫止血对冠状动脉介入术后止血效果显著,减少了局部并发症的发生,增进了患者舒适感。     

木质圆柱止血棒用于股动脉拔鞘后止血的效果观察

目的改良股动脉鞘管穿刺点的压迫方法,解决冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后拔鞘止血耗时长、费力等,并减轻患者不适感。方法将80例患者随机分为对照组和改良组各40例。对照组采用传统指压后盐袋加压止血法,改良组采用自制木质圆柱止血棒加压止血。结果改良组压迫止血时间、患者紧张感和主观不适发生率显著短于/低于对照组(均P0.01);两组出血发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠状动脉造影及PCI术后拔鞘采用自制木质圆柱止血棒压迫止血安全有效,可减轻患者的痛苦,提高工作效率。     

对剖宫产初产妇实施母婴床旁护理的效果研究

目的改良股动脉鞘管穿刺点的压迫方法,解决冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后拔鞘止血耗时长、费力等,并减轻患者不适感。方法将80例患者随机分为对照组和改良组各40例。对照组采用传统指压后盐袋加压止血法,改良组采用自制木质圆柱止血棒加压止血。结果改良组压迫止血时间、患者紧张感和主观不适发生率显著短于／低于对照组（均P〈0．01）;两组出血发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论冠状动脉造影及PCI术后拔鞘采用自制木质圆柱止血棒压迫止血安全有效,可减轻患者的痛苦,提高工作效率。     

止血器不同减压时间对经桡动脉介入治疗患者舒适度的影响

目的探讨止血器第1次减压时间的安全性以及对患者舒适程度的影响。方法将212例经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术后应用Work沃克TU1C01-ZXD-1压迫型止血器的患者随机分为观察组107例和对照组105例。观察组术后1h松解0.5圈,每隔2h松解0.5圈,术后6h后完全松解,共松解4次;对照组术后压迫2h开始减压,每隔2h松解0.5圈,至术后6h完全松解,共松解3次。结果观察组创口渗血,肢端肿胀、麻木,水疱发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01),观察组术后2、3、4、5、6h舒适评分显著高于对照组(均P0.01)。结论应用Work沃克TU1C01-ZXD-1时第1次减压时间提前至桡动脉介入术后1h,以后每隔2h松解0.5圈至6h后完全松解的方法止血效果确切,并发症少,可减轻患者的疼痛程度。     

压力递减压迫止血法在经股动脉介入治疗术后的应用

目的 探讨经股动脉介入治疗术后有效、安全的压迫止血方法.方法 将86例经股动脉介入治疗术后患者随机分为传统组(50例)与改进组(36例).传统组采用常规压迫止血法,改进组采用一次性股动(静)脉气囊压迫止血带进行压力递减压迫止血.观察两组术肢制动时间、血管并发症及不良反应.结果 改进组术肢制动时间及血管并发症,腰酸、腹胀发生率显著低于传统组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论 经股动脉介入治疗术后通过压力递减法进行压迫止血,既可达到有效压迫止血的目的,又能减少传统压迫止血所致的不良反应.     

压力递减压迫止血法在经股动脉介入治疗术后的应用

目的 探讨经股动脉介入治疗术后有效、安全的压迫止血方法。方法 将86例经股动脉介入治疗术后患者随机分为传统组（50例）与改进组（36例）。传统组采用常规压迫止血法，改进组采用一次性股动（静）脉气囊压迫止血带进行压力递减压迫止血。观察两组术肢制动时间、血管并发症及不良反应。结果改进组术肢制动时间厦血管并发症，腰酸、腹胀发生率显著低于传统组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论经股动脉介入治疗术后通过压力递减法进行压迫止血。既可达到有效压迫止血的目的，又能减少传统压迫止血所致的不良反应。     

Various local hemostatic agents with different modes of action; an in vivo comparative randomized vascular surgical experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of different local hemostatic agents in a new high flow vascular experimental bleeding model. DESIGN: Bovine thrombin combined with collagen matrix (bTcM), microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH), freeze-dried rFVIIa with and without the combination of MPH were compared to a control group (solely compression) in a randomized fashion (20 animals/group). Primary endpoint was hemostasis, and secondary endpoints were time to hemostasis, blood loss, and blood pressure at hemostasis. METHODS: The common carotid artery of heparinized rats was ligated proximally and transected. Compression was applied for one minute followed by application of the topical hemostatic agent. Compression was maintained for another two minutes followed by re-evaluation of hemostasis: if bleeding continued additional compression was applied and thereafter bleeding was checked every minute until hemostasis. RESULTS: All animals in the bTcM group obtained hemostasis compared to 20% in the control group (p<0.0001). The combination of MPH and rFVIIa (70% hemostasis) also showed a significant hemostatic capacity compared to control group (p<0.001). None of the other active treatment groups differed compared to control group. Animals treated with bTcM had a significantly shorter time to hemostasis compared to animals in the other active treatment groups. No significant difference in blood loss and blood pressure at hemostasis was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The most effective hemostatic agent was bTcM, followed by the combination of rFVIIa and MPH, while neither MPH nor rFVIIa alone displayed any hemostatic capacity compared to compression only.     

The potential utility of fibrin sealant dressing in repair of vascular injury in swine

BACKGROUND: A previous study in which fibrin sealant dressing (FSD) secured hemostasis in major arterial hemorrhage for 96 hours suggested the applicability of this dressing in damage control operations after severe trauma. The objective of this study was to determine the effective duration of FSD hemostatic function in vivo and to examine its potential utility for definitive repair of a major arterial injury in swine. METHODS: High pressure bleeding in an infrarenal aortotomy was controlled by placing FSD on the wound with 4-minute compression (n = 15). If hemostasis was achieved, the abdominal cavity was closed. Surviving animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks and aortotomy sites collected for histology. RESULTS: FSD stopped arterial hemorrhage after 4-minute compression in 14 of 15 (93%) pigs. Dressings failed in two pigs at 36 and 53 minutes after treatment. Twelve (80%) animals recovered and resumed normal activities. Of the remaining 12, two developed rebleeding at the aortotomy site on days 8 and 11 and were killed; another was killed because of idiopathic low hematocrit on day 10. Nine pigs survived until scheduled to be killed, maintaining hemostasis with stable hematological values. In the surviving animals, serial computed tomography scans showed formation of a pseudoaneurysm at the aortotomy site, which resolved after 2 to 3 weeks. The initial vascular defect and pseudoaneurysm were filled with fibroblast-myoblast collagen rich tissues covered by endothelium. CONCLUSION: FSD can seal an arterial injury, stop high pressure bleeding, and prevent rebleeding for at least 7 days. The dressing may be most beneficial in damage control operations. If combined with an elective interventional radiologic procedure (e.g. embolization or stenting), it may also offer an alternative to suture repair of vascular injuries in cases where profuse bleeding obstructs visualization.     

改良充气压迫法用于经桡动脉冠状动脉造影

目的探讨改良充气压迫法用于经桡动脉CAG患者的效果。方法将择期接受经桡动脉CAG的100例患者随机分为改良组和常规组,每组50例,术后改良组以改良充气压迫法压迫桡动脉,常规组采用常规充气方法压迫桡动脉。比较两组压迫桡动脉2 h、4 h末患者肿胀溢水量及数字疼痛评分,压迫6 h后去掉压迫器时桡动脉穿刺点出血情况以及术后24 h穿刺侧桡动脉闭塞情况。结果改良组压迫桡动脉2 h、4 h末肿胀溢水量、数字疼痛评分均低于常规组(P均0.01)。穿刺点压迫6 h后去掉压迫器时,改良组出血3例,常规组2例;术后24 h改良组桡动脉闭塞1例,常规组2例;组间差异均无统计学意义(P均=1.00)。结论改良充气压迫法可减轻经桡动脉CAG患者术后穿刺侧肢体肿胀及疼痛,且不增加穿刺点出血及血管闭塞危险。     

老年患者冠状动脉造影术后不同股动脉止血方法的效果比较

目的：评价冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状介入治疗术后老年患者股动脉穿刺部位不同止血方法的效果及安全性.方法：268例行冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年患者,平均年龄63.8岁,根据不同股动脉止血方法分为3组.A组82例采用徒手压迫法止血 B组87例采用M-GU动脉压迫器止血 C组99例采用Angio血管闭合器止血.比较3组患者术后制动时间、止血效果及术后并发症发生率.结果：A组止血成功率为98.8%（81/82例）,B组为97.7%（85/87例）,C组为96.0%（95/99例）,3组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.止血和制动时间比较,C组[（4.3±1.1）min和（4.9±0.9）h]少于B组[（6.2±1.2）min和（12.2±1.5）h],B组少于A组[（23.2±3.6）min和（25.7±2.3）h].并发症的发生情况：3组间局部渗血和假性动脉瘤的发生率差异无显著性 尿潴留和腰痛并发症的发生率差异存在显著性,C组（2.0%和7.1%）低于A组（14.6%和42.7%）和B组（6.9%和20.7%）.结论：3种止血方法的止血效果无差异,但是应用血管闭合器止血可以有效缩短老年患者止血时间及下肢制动时间,减少并发症发生,患者易于接受.     

止血夹预防高危出血患者ERCP术后迟发性出血的临床效果

目的 探讨出血高危患者在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography,ERCP）术中即刻留置止血夹对预防术后迟发性出血的临床作用。方法 收集2016年8月至2019年9月来院行ERCP的1 854 例患者,其中符合纳入标准的出血高危患者493 例,包括止血夹组215 例、常规对照组278 例,回顾性分析两组患者术后并发症包括出血、胰腺炎、穿孔,以及操作时间、住院时间和住院费用等指标。结果 止血夹组术后出血发生率低于常规对照组[1.4%（3/215） vs 4.7%（13/278）,P＜0.05],两组在性别、年龄、疾病构成、术后胰腺炎和穿孔、操作时间、取石方式、住院费用等指标上无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论 ERCP术中针对出血高危患者预防性实施止血夹,可以显著降低术后迟发性出血发生率,且不额外增加患者费用,是一种安全便捷、值得推广的技术。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗中替罗非班冠状动脉内注入对疗效的影响

目的观察急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术中冠状动脉内应用替罗非班的临床疗效。方法76例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为替罗非班组（39例）和对照组（37例）,均于发病12h内行急诊PCI。替罗非班组PCI术中冠状动脉内注入替罗非班,并静脉维持48h,术后应用达肝素钠注射液。对照组PCI术中仅给予普通肝素。两组PCI术前均服用氯吡格雷、阿司匹林。观察PCI术前、术后梗死相关血管心肌梗死时溶栓（TIMI）血流、心肌灌注分级（TMPG）、术后2周内并发症及主要心脏不良事件的发生情况。结果替罗非班组PCI术后TIMI 3级占94.9％（37／39）,高于对照组的78.4％（29／37）,替罗非班组TMPG 3级占89.7％（35／39）,高于对照组的67.6％（25／37）,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。替罗非班组主要心脏不良事件的发生率7.7％（3／39）低于对照组的18.9％（7／37）（P〈0.05）,出血发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论PCI术中冠状动脉内应用替罗非班能改善急性心肌梗死患者梗死心肌的再灌注,减少术后主要心脏不良事件的发生率,且安全性好。     

智能手机应用程序在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者术后随访管理中的应用

目的探讨智能手机应用程序在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者术后随访管理中的应用效果。方法将心内科住院治疗的PCI患者130例随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用常规的健康教育和随访管理,观察组采用智能手机应用程序进行随访管理。结果干预3个月、6个月后观察组疾病康复知识、二级预防能力、服药依从性评分显著高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白显著高于对照组,而胆固醇、三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);两组比较,干预效应、时间效应及交互效应存在统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论基于智能手机应用程序的随访管理有利于提升PCI术后患者对疾病的认知及自我预防管理能力,改善服药依从性及维持血脂水平的平衡,可有效改善康复效果。     

Muscle injury induced beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet: a quantitative animal study of effects of tourniquet pressure and duration.

Previous recommendations regarding the "safe" period of tourniquet hemostasis were based largely on studies of ischemia distal to the tourniquet. This study quantitatively analyzed skeletal muscle injury induced beneath and distal to a pneumatic tourniquet applied to the hindlimbs of rabbits for 1, 2, or 4 hours with a cuff inflation pressure of 125, 200, or 350 mm Hg. Technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate incorporation after systemic injection (Tc 99 uptake) and correlative histology were used to evaluate tissue damage 2 days after tourniquet application. Compared with the contralateral control limbs, compression and ischemia induced statistically significant increases in Tc 99 uptake in the thigh and leg regions of all groups. Pyrophosphate incorporation was significantly greater in the thigh region than in the leg region after 2 hours of compression in the 200 and 350 mm Hg pressure groups and following 4 hours of compression in all pressure groups. Focal and regional fiber necrosis and degeneration were observed in thigh muscles after 2 hours of tourniquet compression. Two hours of continuous tourniquet application at clinically relevant cuff inflation pressures induced significant skeletal muscle necrosis beneath the tourniquet. Use of the lowest possible inflation pressure for a limited duration should minimize the degree of tissue injury caused by tourniquet application.     

Use of StarClose for brachial artery closure after percutaneous endovascular interventions

The objective of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous extravascular closure device (StarClose, Abbott Vascular, Redwood City, CA) after brachial endovascular approach. From 2004 to 2006, 29 patients received StarClose for brachial closure. Primary endpoints were successful deployment and absence of procedure-related morbidity, secondary endpoints were brachial artery patency on duplex and absence of late (> 30 days) complications. The device was successfully deployed in all patients. In two patients (6.8%) local complications occurred: one patient developed a large hematoma successfully treated with prolonged compression and a second patient presented with brachial artery occlusion requiring operative intervention. After a mean follow-up of 7.5+/-7.2 months, all patients had a palpable brachial/radial pulse; none had signs of infection, distal embolization or neurological deficits. On ultrasound b-mode imaging, the clip was visible as a 4 mm echolucent area at the outer anterior wall of the artery. Based on the peak systolic velocity ratios between the site of StarClose and proximal brachial artery (mean 1.08+/-0.2), none of the studied patients had a significant stenosis at the site of closure. StarClose is safe and effective in providing hemostasis following interventional procedures through the brachial artery; further advantages include patients comfort and early discharge.