尿道下裂术后复发尿瘘的影响因素及处理

目的：探讨尿道下裂术后再发尿瘘的各项相关因素在尿瘘修复的影响．方法：回顾性总结1997年1月~2008年6月收治的106例尿道下裂术后复发尿瘘患者临床资料。统计并分析尿瘘位置、瘘口大小．瘘口数目、尿痿修补次数等相关观察指标,采用合适的术式进行尿瘘修补。结果：84例一次修复完成,一次手术成功率79．2％f22例再次出现尿瘘。其中1例同时并发尿道狭窄．需进一步治疗。不同的尿瘘位置与手术成功率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,瘘口的大小、数目不影响手术成功率（P〉0．05）,术前修补的次数与手术成功率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：屎瘘的位置,大小、数目和手术修补次数等因素．不影响手术成功率。术前对患者的尿瘘位置、瘘口大小、痿口数目及局部条件的不同需制定明确的方案。选择合适的术式及术中的精细操作是最重要的因素．     

临床路径在先天性尿道下裂患儿健康教育中的应用

目的提高先天性尿道下裂患儿健康教育的效果。方法将46例先天性尿道下裂患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各23例,对照组按常规进行健康教育,观察组按临床路径实施健康教育。结果观察组住院时间显著短于对照组(P<0.01),患儿家属满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将临床路径应用于先天性尿道下裂患儿健康教育可提高教育效果。     

尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘的修补术改进

目的 探讨通过改进手术方法、手术技巧、尿道支架引流等方式,提高尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘修补的成功率.方法 分析、总结11例尿道下裂成形术及感染后20个瘘口患者的临床资料,小瘘口(直径小于3mm)17例、其中大瘘口(直径大于3 mm)3例.年龄4～42岁,平均15岁,其中瘘口位于冠状沟处3例,阴茎体部14例,阴茎阴囊交界处3例,采用改进补方法.结果 19个瘘口一次修复成功,一次修补成功率达95%.有1例术后发生漏尿,但瘘口比术前缩小.随访3个月-2年,均排尿正常,尿线有力,阴茎外观满意.结论 采用改进修补术,用于治疗尿瘘修复,操作简单,疗效确切.     

尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘的修补术改进

目的 探讨通过改进手术方法、手术技巧、尿道支架引流等方式,提高尿道下裂成形术后尿瘘修补的成功率.方法 分析、总结11例尿道下裂成形术及感染后20个瘘口患者的临床资料,小瘘口(直径小于3mm)17例、其中大瘘口(直径大于3 mm)3例.年龄4～42岁,平均15岁,其中瘘口位于冠状沟处3例,阴茎体部14例,阴茎阴囊交界处3例,采用改进补方法.结果 19个瘘口一次修复成功,一次修补成功率达95%.有1例术后发生漏尿,但瘘口比术前缩小.随访3个月-2年,均排尿正常,尿线有力,阴茎外观满意.结论 采用改进修补术,用于治疗尿瘘修复,操作简单,疗效确切.     

尿道下裂手术方式的选择

目的探讨尿道下裂手术的术式选择与适应证. 方法回顾分析1997～2003年我院91例尿道下裂修复手术的临床资料. 结果尿道成形术后尿瘘15例,尿瘘发生率16.5%(15/91),其中Duckett法6例,Duckett法联合Duplay法4例,尿道口基底血管皮瓣法(Mathieu法)1例,加盖岛状皮瓣法(Onlay法)2例,皮条埋藏法(Denis-Browne法)1例,尿道板纵切卷管法(Snod-grass法)1例. 结论伴有明显阴茎下弯的尿道下裂无法保留尿道板,可采用阴囊中隔岛状皮瓣法、Duckett法、Duckett法联合Duplay法;保留尿道板的手术适用于轻度或无阴茎下弯的尿道下裂,包括Mathieu法、 Onlay法、Snod-grass法及Denis-Browne法.     

患儿日间手术疼痛管理的研究进展

患儿特殊的解剖和生理学特点使其术后易发生呼吸抑制,加之对疼痛难以描述,在一定程度上限制了术后镇痛的实施,影响患儿康复,导致住院时间延长。而恰当、有效的术后镇痛有利于保障日间手术的安全实施,促进术后康复和提高医疗满意度。目前术后应用多模式镇痛去阿片化逐渐成为共识,患儿及照顾者围术期的社会心理因素得到越来越多的关注。多基因组学、人工智能的发展给更多个体化镇痛方案提供可能,但在对患儿进行术后疼痛评估时,仍缺少精确而统一的方法。随着日间手术的发展以及舒适化医疗的推进,建立完善的患儿日间手术疼痛管理体系成为国内外学者亟待解决的问题。本文针对患儿日间手术围术期疼痛管理相关研究进展进行综述,以期为患儿日间手术后镇痛方案提供参考。     

应用显微外科技术修复尿道下裂术后复杂性尿瘘

目的 探讨应用显微外科技术修复尿道下裂术后复杂性尿瘘的临床效果.方法 应用显微外科技术分别采用皮肤黏膜预植法、横向旋转皮瓣覆盖法对尿道下裂行尿道成形术后形成的复杂性尿瘘进行修复56例.结果 术后随访6个月～1年,修复56例,一次手术成功48例(成功率85.7%),5例延期愈合,1例因感染再次出现尿瘘并再次手术治愈,2例因旋转皮瓣坏死行二次手术治愈.结论 应用显微外科技术修复治疗尿瘘,对组织损伤小,一次手术成功率高,是治疗复杂性尿瘘较理想的方法.     

尿道下裂患儿基于思维导图的家庭护理教育

目的 探讨基于思维导图的家庭护理教育对尿道下裂手术患儿的实施效果。 方法 将154例尿道下裂手术患儿按住院时间分为观察组和对照组,每组77例。对照组按常规对患儿家长实施家庭护理教育,观察组实施基于思维导图的家庭护理教育。 结果 观察组出院指导质量评分、患儿家长对家庭护理教育满意度显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组术后不良事件（尿管堵管、脱管、尿瘘）发生率显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 对尿道下裂手术患儿家长实施基于思维导图的家庭护理教育,能有效地提高患儿家长对尿道下裂术后家庭护理能力,降低患儿术后不良事件发生率,提升护理满意度。     

小儿尿道下裂术后尿瘘的成因及修复(附33例报告)

目的 研究小儿先天性尿道下裂手术后尿瘘发生的原因,探讨小儿尿道下裂术后尿瘘的修复方法,总结手术经验,提高尿瘘一次修补成功率.方法 收集2001年1月-2011年2月33例小儿尿道下裂尿道成形术后尿瘘的临床资料,平均年龄6.2岁(3～13岁).共38个瘘口,痿口直径小于3 mm的有17个,瘘口直径为3～10mm的有16个...     

联合包皮及阴囊带蒂皮瓣修复阴囊型尿道下裂

目的　总结带蒂岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术 (Duckett术 )加阴囊中隔带蒂皮瓣翻转尿道成形术 (中隔皮瓣术 )治疗阴囊型尿道下裂的体会。　方法　对 19例年龄 2～ 12岁 ,尿道缺损长度 5 .0～ 9.0cm的严重阴囊型尿道下裂患儿应用Duckett包皮瓣成形加阴囊中隔皮瓣成形手术方法修复 ,探讨手术应用、并发症预防及尿流改道方法的选择。　结果　 19例随访 6个月～ 4年 ,17例获一期治愈 ,2例并发尿瘘 ,无尿道狭窄并发症。　结论　联合手术方法治疗阴囊型尿道下裂效果满意 ,并发症少 ,双管法尿液引流充分 ,对尿道刺激小     

结直肠肿瘤患者基于症状管理理论的个案管理实践

目的 探讨基于症状管理理论的结直肠肿瘤患者个案管理效果.方法 采用类实验研究设计,便利选取100例结直肠肿瘤患者,按照入院时间分为对照组和干预组各50例.对照组接受常规围手术期护理及随访,干预组接受基于症状管理理论的个案管理.结果 干预组术前等待时间、住院天数显著短于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).术后1个月干预组生活质量功能领域及总体健康状况得分显著高于对照组,症状领域的疲劳、疼痛得分及4项单项条目得分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 基于症状管理论的个案管理能有效改善结直肠肿瘤患者症状,缩短患者术前等待时间及住院时间,降低术后1个月再入院率,提高患者生活质量水平.     

晚期癌症患者呼吸困难症状管理方案的构建

目的 构建晚期癌症伴呼吸困难症状患者非药物管理方案,以改善患者呼吸困难症状。方法 以症状管理理论为指导,采用文献研究法、半结构式访谈构建方案初稿,通过专家小组会议对方案初稿进行修订完善。结果 形成以呼吸困难症状评估、呼吸困难症状管理策略、症状管理效果3个部分为框架结构,以呼吸困难症状未发作状态、发作中、发作后3种阶段状态为脉络的晚期癌症患者呼吸困难管理方案。结论 方案以循证为基础,考虑患者及专家意见构建,具有较好的可靠性及可操作性,可为晚期癌症患者呼吸困难症状的缓解提供参考。     

Caudal neostigmine,bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children

In a randomized, double-blinded study, we examined the analgesic efficacy of caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, or a mixture of both drugs in 60 children. After the induction of general anesthesia, children were allocated randomly into three groups (n = 20) to receive a caudal injection of either 0.25% bupivacaine 1 mL/kg, with or without neostigmine 2 micro g/kg, or neostigmine 2 micro g/kg in normal saline 1 mL/kg. Intraoperatively, children receiving caudal bupivacaine or a bupivacaine/neostigmine mixture maintained hemodynamic stability, required less inhaled anesthetics, and had a shorter recovery time compared with the caudal neostigmine alone. Postoperatively, the caudal bupivacaine/neostigmine mixture resulted in superior analgesia compared with the other two groups. Recovery to first rescue analgesic times were (mean +/- SD) 22.8 +/- 2.9 h, 8.1 +/- 5.9 h, and 5.2 +/- 2.1 h in the bupivacaine/neostigmine, bupivacaine, and neostigmine groups, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, the bupivacaine and neostigmine groups received more doses of paracetamol than the bupivacaine/neostigmine group to maintain adequate analgesia in the first 24 postoperative h. Postoperative vomiting occurred in 25%, 10%, and 30% in the caudal bupivacaine/neostigmine, bupivacaine, and neostigmine groups, respectively (P < 0.01). We conclude that caudal neostigmine 2 micro g/kg provides postoperative analgesia comparable to caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing hypospadias repair surgery. IMPLICATIONS: Caudal neostigmine 2 micro g/kg provides postoperative analgesia comparable to caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing hypospadias repair surgery. Co-administration of the two drugs is associated with extended postoperative analgesia and reduced need for supplementary analgesics.     

基于循证和德尔菲法构建ICU患者睡眠管理方案

目的 提高ICU 患者的睡眠质量。方法 采用循证方法筛选最佳证据,经研究小组讨论构建ICU 睡眠管理初步方案;采用德 尔菲法向20名危重症领域医疗护理专家进行2轮函询。结果 纳入12项高质量证据,构建包括失眠诊断、睡眠质量评估、睡眠危 险因素评估、睡眠危险因素干预、其他提高睡眠质量措施的5个方面共11项内容的睡眠管理方案;专家积极性为100% ,权威系 数0.84,变异系数0.17~0.21,W 值0.196、0.249,均P<0.01。结论 本ICU 患者睡眠管理方案构建过程严谨,结果可靠,可用 于临床ICU 患者的睡眠管理,以验证该管理方案的适用性。     

Improvement of burn pain management through routine pain monitoring and pain management protocol

Introduction

Pain management is an important aspect of burn management. We developed a routine pain monitoring system and pain management protocol for burn patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of our new pain management system.

Methods

From May 2011 to November 2011, the prospective study was performed with 107 burn patients. We performed control group (n = 58) data analysis and then developed the pain management protocol and monitoring system. Next, we applied our protocol to patients and performed protocol group (n = 49) data analysis, and compared this to control group data. Data analysis was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of background pain and procedural pain, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale (STAIS), and Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale (HRSS).

Results

The NRS of background pain for the protocol group was significantly decreased compared to the control group (2.8 ± 2.0 versus 3.9 ± 1.9), and the NRS of procedural pain of the protocol group was significantly decreased compared to the control group (4.8 ± 2.8 versus 3.7 ± 2.5). CAPS and HDRS were decreased in the protocol group, but did not have statistical significance. STAIS and HRSS were decreased in the protocol group, but only the STAIS had statistical significance.

Conclusion

Our new pain management system was effective in burn pain management. However, adequate pain management can only be accomplished by a continuous and thorough effort. Therefore, pain control protocol and pain monitoring systems need to be under constant revision and improvement using creative ideas and approaches.     

Efficacy of adductor canal block protocol implementation in a multimodal pain management protocol for total knee arthroplasty

ObjectivePostoperative pain relief for total knee arthroplasty is an important concern for clinicians who seek to decrease pain, side effects associated with narcotics, increase mobility, and decrease hospital length of stay for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. In today's day in age where patients and clinicians are looking to decrease length of stay and desire to take total knee replacement to the ambulatory surgery setting, appropriate and safe analgesia is paramount. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of implementing a single shot adductor canal block (ACB) protocol in patients undergoing primary TKA by a single surgeon already using a multimodal analgesia protocol at a high volume community hospital.Methods75 patients who received a single shot ACB were compared to 75 patients that did not receive an ACB with respect to post-operative NRS pain scores and narcotic consumption.ResultsAfter addition of an ACB there was a 90% reduction in NRS pain scores in the PACU and a 38% reduction at 12 and 24-h post-operatively which were all statistically significant. Total post-operative morphine milligram equivalent (MME) decreased by 51%, after addition of an ACB, which was also statistically significant.ConclusionThe administration of an ACB as an adjunct to a multimodal pain protocol for primary TKA patients is effective at minimizing post-operative pain and narcotic consumption, and plays a critical role in facilitating fast track and same day discharge in our practice.     

老年痴呆症状管理评估与应用研究进展位

归纳了老年痴呆症状管理的相关研究热点,指出老年痴呆症状管理相关理论、评估工具以及应用等方面的研究进展。分别介绍了评估工具的使用方法、适用人群、信效度,讨论了各评估工具的优缺点。在此基础上,对老年痴呆症状管理的识别、评估以及干预进行了展望。     

Development of a selection and monitoring protocol for safe sedation of children

A protocol was developed for children undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures under sedation to try to raise the standards of patient selection, preparation, monitoring and management to those of children undergoing general anaesthesia. The principles underlying the protocol design were that informed consent should be obtained; fasting guidelines as for general anaesthesia should be implemented; contraindications to sedation should be actively sought; monitoring should be commenced from the time of administration of sedation until recovery and should be maintained during patient transport; personnel trained in monitoring and resuscitation of children should have as their sole duty the monitoring of the sedated child and should not take part in the procedure; the minimum monitoring standard should comprise regular assessments of the level of sedation, oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, respiratory rate and pulse rate supplemented by temperature, ECG and blood pressure for infants, for prolonged procedures or where verbal contact with the child is lost.     

基于信息化平台的癌症疼痛管理质量指标的建立与应用

目的 探讨基于信息化平台的疼痛管理质量指标的建立与应用效果。方法 根据住院时间将患者分为对照组（n=387）和观察组（n=484）,对照组按常规进行疼痛评估、镇痛处理及疼痛管理质控;观察组在常规基础上,实施基于信息化平台的癌症疼痛管理质量指标监控,即确立疼痛管理质量指标,并将其与信息化系统联动,利用信息化平台对肿瘤患者进行三级质量监控并实施疼痛质量持续改进。结果 实施疼痛管理后,观察组疼痛评估落实率、镇痛措施落实率、疼痛干预有效率、疼痛管理满意度4项指标显著优于对照组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）。结论 依托护理管理信息系统进行疼痛管理,有助于实现疼痛管理标准化、规范化,有效提高疼痛护理管理质量。     

Perioperative management in children with chronic pain

Children with chronic pain often undergo surgery and effective perioperative management of their pain can be challenging. Identification of the pediatric chronic pain patient preoperatively and development of a perioperative pain plan may help ensure a safer and more comfortable perioperative course. Successful management usually requires multiple different classes of analgesics, regional anesthesia, and adjunctive nonpharmacological therapies. Neuropathic and oncological pain can be especially difficult to treat and usually requires an individualized approach.