“互联网+”居家医疗服务平台应用效果分析

目的 分析“互联网+”居家医疗服平台的应用效果，为优化服务模式提供参考。 方法 对三级医院居家医疗服务平台数据库中2020~2021年服务对象的一般资料、平台使用情况、服务项目等数据，进行回顾性分析。 结果 纳入研究的1 780例次服务中，患者通过医护上门服务App端口获取服务1 683例次，通过互联网医院线上问诊端口获取服务67例次,通过互联网医院医联体服务端口获取服务30例次；提供服务者多为护士（1 451例次），其次为医生（245例次）；服务量排在前3位的项目分别是尿管护理（39.04%）、伤口护理（18.15%）及胃管护理（12.08%）；居家医疗服务比自行前往医院就医更加实惠便捷。 结论 “互联网+”居家医疗服务平台构建了医院-社区-家庭多元联动、医护技药等多学科团队相互协作的新型医疗服务模式，可以为患者提供专业、高效、便捷的医疗服务。但还需进一步完善服务模式，使更多需求者受益。     

护士参与“互联网+护理服务”的意愿及影响因素分析

目的 调查三甲医院护士参与“互联网+护理服务”的意愿，分析其影响因素，为“互联网+护理服务”在湖州的顺利开展提供参考。方法 对湖州市三甲医院500名符合国家“互联网+护理服务”资质的护士，采用自制的“互联网+护理服务”意愿调查问卷进行调查。结果 30.80%的护士知晓“互联网+护理服务”政策；37.00%愿意参与“互联网+护理服务”，18.40%拒绝，44.60%持观望态度；PICC/输液港护理（64.95%）、静脉注射（63.97%）、留置引流管的护理（63.48%）、静脉输液（63.24%）、皮下及肌内注射（62.25%）及鼻饲（61.27%）是参与意愿较高的护理服务项目；护士政策知晓度、是否有足够空余时间、“互联网+护理”从业经历是影响护士参与“互联网+护理服务”意愿的主要因素。结论 护士对“互联网+护理服务”的总体参与意愿较低，而业余时间充裕、有“互联网+护理服务”从业经历以及对该项政策存在一定知晓度的护士对“互联网+护理服务”的参与意愿更强。应从多方位加大“互联网+护理服务”的推广教育，促进“互联网+护理服务”有序开展。     

郑州市社区居民对“互联网+护理服务”使用意愿及影响因素

目的 调查郑州市社区居民对“互联网+护理服务”的使用意愿以及影响因素。 方法 对346名郑州市居民采用自制社区居民对“互联网+护理服务”使用意愿调查表进行调查。 结果 郑州市社区居民“互联网+护理服务”使用意愿总分61.85±10.88,不同年龄、受教育程度、居住地、医保形式、是否患有慢性病、是否了解“互联网+护理服务”的社区居民的 使用意愿得分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;其中年龄、文化程度、患慢性病、了解“互联网+护理服务”与否是使用意愿的主要影响因素（均P＜0.01）。 结论 郑州市社区居民“互联网+护理服务”使用意愿呈中等水平,该类平台应针对不同人口学特征的用户群体增加人性化、简洁化应用功能,尤其应重点关注文化程度较低的慢性病老年人群的使用意愿及体验。     

“互联网+母婴居家护理”服务模式的构建与初步应用

目的 构建医院-社区-家庭合作型“互联网+母婴居家护理”服务模式，并评价其应用效果。方法 研发“互联网+妇幼护理”创新平台，以三级妇产科医院为主导，通过同质化培训与辖区内社区医院合作，依托平台共同为居家产妇及新生儿提供母乳喂养指导等母婴护理服务。结果 经过7个月运行，共完成服务916例次，复购率37.56%,其中社区护士完成45例次(4.91%),排前三的项目分别为乳腺疏通460例次(50.22%)、婴儿黄疸测定318例次(34.72%)、母乳喂养指导52例次(5.68%)。产妇满意度99.82%,无护理不良事件和护患纠纷发生。结论 医院-社区-家庭合作型“互联网+母婴居家护理”服务模式可为居家产妇和新生儿提供方便、快捷且专业的医院同质化护理服务。     

专科小组主导的“互联网+护理服务”实践及效果

目的 探索以专科小组为主导的“互联网+护理服务”实施效果。方法 2022年7-12月由58名网约护士实施常规“互联网+护理服务”(实施前),2023年1-6月由103名网约护士实施以专科小组为主导的“互联网+护理服务”(实施后),评价比较实施前后网约护士接单量、接单行为及服务患者的满意度。结果 专科小组为主导的“互联网+护理服务”实施前后分别开展“互联网+护理服务”179例次和409例次。实施后网约护士接单行为及患者对“互联网+护理服务”满意度显著优于实施前(均P<0.05)。结论 以专科小组为主导的“互联网+护理服务”有利于增强网约护士的接单行为意愿，改善患者接受“互联网+护理服务”的体验。     

广东省“互联网+护理服务”试点医疗机构护理服务调查

目的 了解广东省“互联网+护理服务”试点工作进展,为政策制定提供依据。 方法 选取177所“互联网+护理服务”试点医疗机构,使用广东省卫生健康委员会平台统一设计的统计表进行横断面调查,包括管理及服务制度、运行机制及流程、出诊护士培训体制等。 结果 实际开展“互联网+护理服务”工作的试点机构146个,其中三级医院占58.90%;共有13 154名护士参与服务,服务总人次为192 442,平均患者满意度96.63%,出诊护士对试点工作总体满意度为88.67%。实际开展“互联网+护理服务”项目数43项,其中服务量排序靠前的项目为母婴护理（44 074人次）、生命体征监测（23 313人次）、家庭巡视（21 636人次）;排序靠后为人工肛门便袋护理（16人次）和一般灌肠（16人次）。 结论 广东省的“互联网+护理服务”试点工作已经取得初步成效,初步形成符合本地特色的服务模式,但仍需扩大服务人群,补充服务项目,优化支付机制,加强监管系统。     

护士对“互联网+护理服务”认知和参与意愿现况调查

目的 了解护士对“互联网 +护理服务”的认知和参与意愿的现况,为促进“互联网 +护理服务”在郑州市的应用提供参考。方法 对郑州市13所医院409名护士进行问卷调查。结果 51.10%护士不知晓国家卫健委下发的“互联网 +护理服务”通知。82.89%护士对“互联网 +护理服务”表示支持。64.30%护士表示参与的意愿强烈。护士最愿意提供的服务项目有血糖监测（75.65%）、健康指导（74.61%）、静脉输液（74.35%）和静脉采血（71.76%）,参与意愿较低的服务项目包括灌肠（38.60%）、膀胱冲洗（37.56%）、造口护理（34.46%）、吸痰（32.90%）等。单因素分析结果显示,具有专科护士证书、月收入3000~5999元及知晓“互联网 +护理服务”程度高的护士更愿意参与到“互联网 +护理服务”（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 护士对“互联网 +护理服务”的知晓度较低,但具有较高的参与意愿。提示相关卫生部门应紧跟国家政策,加大对新兴护理模式的宣传力度,鼓励护士积极参与,以护士的认知和参与意愿为导向,完善相关法律规定,引导“互联网 +护理服务”在非试点地区进行尝试和应用。     

肠造口患者对“互联网+护理上门服务”真实体验的质性研究

目的 了解肠造口患者接受“互联网+护理上门服务”的真实体验,为进一步完善肠造口护理上门服务体系提供参考。方法 对11例肠造口患者进行半结构式一对一深度访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步法分析资料、提炼主题。结果 提炼出4个主题：患者选择“互联网+护理上门服务”的原因(并发症,高龄,减轻照顾者负担,住院-居家的过渡);“互联网+护理上门服务”对患者的影响(提高造口自我护理能力,帮助患者恢复正常的生活及工作,情绪治疗);“互联网+护理上门服务”与传统的医疗机构就诊的区别(节省时间,享受个体化的服务);建议(完善保险体系,普及和宣传力度有待加强)。结论 肠造口患者对接受“互联网+护理上门服务”具有积极的体验感,该方式的护理服务有利于提高患者自我护理能力、由医院顺利过渡到居家形式。     

慢性病患者“互联网+延续护理”研究进展

综述国内外“互联网+延续护理”在慢性病管理中的研究进展，包括行为改变理论、线上到线下模式、技术接受模型等理论模型及线上健康教育、在线咨询、远程监护、网络社会支持、“互联网+”上门护理服务等服务内容，分析其可能存在的法律、信息安全、应用程序设置等问题并提出相应对策，为促进“互联网+延续护理”在慢性病领域中更广泛的应用提供参考。     

三级医院护士“互联网+护理服务”核心知识技能培训需求调查

目的调查郑州市三级医院护士"互联网+护理服务"核心知识技能的培训需求状况,为护理管理者制定培训方案提供参考。方法采用自行设计的"互联网+护理服务"核心知识技能培训需求调查问卷对郑州市三级医院472名护士进行调查。结果护士"互联网+护理服务"培训需求总分为(4.39±0.03)分,其中执业基本知识、伦理与礼仪和项目技能操作3个维度得分分别为(4.51±0.71)分、(4.51±0.75)分、(4.36±0.71)分。84.32%的护士愿意提供"互联网+护理服务",95.55%认为有必要开展该项培训。单因素分析显示,年龄、提供"互联网+护理服务"意愿、开展"互联网+护理服务"培训必要性认知与护士培训需求得分有关(P0.05,P0.01)。结论三级医院护士"互联网+护理服务"核心知识技能的培训需求较高,护理管理者需制定切实可行的培训方案以满足其需求。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.