四川省2007～2008年碘盐监测结果分析

[目的]监测四川省居民户碘盐情况,分析监测发现的问题.[方法]每个县随机抽取居民户盐样,用<制盐工业通用试验方法碘离子的测定>GB/T13025.7-1999中仲裁法进行定量检测.[结果]2007年四川省合格碘盐食用率95.3%,碘盐覆盖率99.0%,碘盐合格率96.3%;2008年四川省居民户合格碘盐食用率96.8%,碘盐覆盖率99.3%,碘盐合格率97.5%,全省有38个县开展重点抽样监测,碘盐覆盖率98.2%.[结论]四川省加碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率和碘盐合格率3项指标都大于90%,防治形势良好.     

广州市2005年碘盐监测结果分析

目的掌握广州市碘盐生产和居民食用情况,确保居民食用合格碘盐,有效防治碘缺乏病。方法按照《全国碘盐监测方案》的规定,对广州市碘盐定点加工企业、一级批发企业和居民户碘盐进行定量监测。结果生产加工企业共监测碘盐60批次,合格60批次,批质量合格率为100·0%,加碘盐均值为31·7mg/kg;居民户共监测3456户,碘盐覆盖率为88·5%,合格碘盐食用率为86·8%。结论广州市生产加工企业和一级批发企业碘盐质量良好,全市合格碘盐食用率比去年有所提高,但非碘盐问题仍然存在,个别地区非碘盐冲销情况较严重。     

2006年广州市碘盐监测结果分析

目的掌握广州市碘盐生产和居民食用情况,确保居民食用合格碘盐,有效防治碘缺乏病。方法按照〈全国碘盐监测方案》的规定,对广州市碘盐定点加工企业、一级批发企业和居民户碘盐中碘的含量进行监测。结果生产加工企业及批发企业共监测30次,合格30次,批质量合格率100％。对2880户居民加碘盐的检测发现,加碘盐中碘的含量均值为32．3mg／kg,合格率为88．0％,合格碘盐的居民使用率为90．3％。结论广州市碘盐定点加工企业、一级批发企业碘盐合格率高,但居民食用碘盐合格率尚未达到《碘盐缺乏病消除标准》合格率大于90％的要求。     

2008年商丘市碘盐监测结果分析

目的了解商丘市碘盐生产加工或分装、批发企业和居民户碘盐情况。方法按照《商丘市2008年碘缺乏病监测方案》规定的抽样方法及碘盐测定方法进行检测。结果碘盐分装和批发企业的检测,1-12月份共检测62批次,合格62批次,批质量合格率100%。居民户食盐监测:⑴在高碘地区,共监测食盐2 609份,无碘盐2 322份,无碘率89.00%;⑵在碘缺乏地区,共监测碘盐2051份,合格1 725份,不合格碘盐93份,非碘盐233份,非碘盐10.73%率,碘盐覆盖率89.27%,碘盐合格率94.94%,合格碘盐食用率84.93%,中位数28.96 mg/kg。结论商丘市虽然碘盐监测覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率虽然较2007年有了明显的提高,但距离2010年全国95.00%以上的县(市、区)要实现消除碘缺乏病目标仍有差距。     

2001～2009年临沂市河东区碘盐监测结果分析

[目的]了解临沂市河东区碘盐质量,为持续消除碘缺乏病提供科学依据。[方法]按《全国碘盐监测方案》进行抽样,对碘盐的定点分装批发企业和居民户食用碘盐检测结果进行分析。[结果]碘盐总合格率为98.20%,其中碘盐分装批发企业为99.28%,居民户为97.79%。[结论]我区碘盐合格率符合GB 16006-1995《碘缺乏病消除标准》的要求。     

2004年福建省碘盐监测结果分析

[目的]掌握2004年福建省碘盐质量,及时发现存在问题并采取相应干预措施。[方法]按照《福建省碘盐监测实施细则》要求进行。[结果]碘盐加工(批发)企业质量稳定,居民户碘盐质量较好,合格碘盐食用率达到93.6%,但个别地区合格碘盐食用率仍低于90%,沿海地区非碘盐冲击严重。[结论]应进一步加强碘盐的宣传力度,加强卫生与各有关部门的信息沟通,打击非碘盐,加强碘盐的监督监测。     

2005年广西碘盐质量监测结果分析

目的了解广西自治区2005年各层次碘盐质量状况。方法根据《全国碘盐监测方案（修订）》中规定的方法对全区生产层次和居民户层次的碘盐进行抽样监测。结果生产层次共监测碘盐275批，批质量合格率为96．73％，盐碘均数为33．22mg/kg，达到国家标准要求；居民户层次共检测居民食用碘盐22637份，盐碘中位数为31．70mg/kg，碘盐覆盖率97．88％，碘盐合格率95．46％，合格碘盐食用率93．59％，各项指标较2004年均有提高。结论广西自治区碘盐生产批发层次质量合格，居民户层次达到消除碘缺乏病标准要求。     

2005年龙岩市碘盐监测结果

[目的]为巩固龙岩市实现消除碘缺乏病防治成果,全面实施、准确了解《福建省碘盐监测实施细则》中碘盐定点加工企业和一级批发企业、居民户2个层次碘盐质量的食用情况。[方法]按《福建省碘盐监测实施细则》规定的抽样方法及盐碘测定方法进行监测执行。[结果]批发部碘盐12批盐样,合格12批,批质量合格率100.00%;均数为30.85mg/kg;标准差为1.68,变异系数5.45。共检测居民户碘盐2016份,合格1950份,不合格34份,非碘盐32份。碘盐覆盖率为98.56%;碘盐合格率为98.16%;合格碘盐食用率为96.75%。非碘盐率为1.44%。[结论]龙岩市一级批发部和居民户2个层次碘盐质量的食用情况是好的,碘盐质量是稳定的。建议继续加大打击非碘盐力度,净化盐业市场。加强碘盐管理和健康教育工作,确保人民群众食用合格碘盐。     

2006年新疆维吾尔自治区和硕县碘盐监测分析

目的了解2006年新疆维吾尔自治区和硕县碘缺乏病达标以来的防治现况，为制定持续消除目标提供科学依据。方法对碘盐批发企业的碘盐及居民户食用碘盐进行抽样检测和碘缺乏病健康教育问卷调查。结果碘盐批发企业批质量合格率100％，居民户合格碘盐食用率93．98％。结论2006年和硕县碘盐食用仍达到国家消除碘缺乏病阶段性目标。但应继续加大健康教育和对盐业的管理。     

2004～2010年日照市部分居民户碘盐监测分析

[目的]了解居民户食用盐的碘含量情况,以便采取针对性的防控措施,为持续性消除碘缺乏病工作提供参考依据。[方法]对2004～2010年日照市居民户食用盐监测资料进行分析。[结果]2004～2010年累计检测7 760份居民户食用盐,合格碘盐7 362份,不合格碘266份,非碘盐132份,碘盐覆盖率为98.30%,碘盐合格率为96.51%,合格碘盐食用率为94.87%,非碘盐率为1.70%,盐碘中位数为29.30mg/kg。2004～2010年,碘盐合格率分别为95.11%、96.65%、92.58%、96.70%、97.30%、98.60%、98.20%,合格碘盐食用率分别为94.56%、95.27%、91.34%、92.60%、95.60%、97.60%、96.90%。东港区、岚山区、莒县、五莲县,碘盐合格率分别为95.59%、95.15%、96.95%、98.11%,合格碘盐食用率分别为93.50%、91.65%、96.03%、97.82%。[结论]日照市碘盐质量稳定,居民合格碘盐食用率符合国家消除碘缺乏病的标准。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.