不同剂量吡咯列酮对单肾切除糖尿病大鼠作用的实验研究

目的　观察不同剂量盐酸吡咯列酮对单肾切除糖尿病大鼠模型慢性肾脏损害的作用。方法　采用单肾切除的小剂量链脲佐菌素诱导性糖尿病大鼠 ,随机均分为单肾切除对照 (CTR)组、糖尿病非治疗 (DM )组、3mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮 (DM LP)治疗组、9mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮治疗组和 2 0mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮治疗组共 5组。药物灌胃 10周 ,收集2 4h尿液标本 ,测定血糖和动脉收缩压后处死大鼠 ,并留取血标本和肾脏组织。结果　与CTR组相比 ,另 4组糖尿病大鼠的血清胰岛素水平均明显降低 ,DM组表现出明显的高糖和高脂血症 ,动脉收缩压、2 4h尿蛋白量、肾小球细胞外基质(ECM)沉积和相对肾重均明显升高。 3mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮在不影响血糖、血脂和血压的情况下 ,能明显减轻蛋白尿和肾小球ECM沉积 ,降低相对肾重 ;9mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮能明显改善血糖和高三酰甘油血症 ,但不影响动脉收缩压和高胆固醇血症 ,其减轻蛋白尿和肾小球ECM沉积以及降低相对肾重的作用与 3mg·kg-1·d-1剂量治疗组的差异无显著性 ;2 0mg·kg-1·d-1吡咯列酮除有与 9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量相似程度改善高血糖和高三酰甘油血症的作用外 ,还能明显降低大鼠动脉收缩压 ;其减轻蛋白尿、肾小球ECM沉积和肾脏肥大的作用较 3和 9mg·kg-1·d-1剂量进一     

羟基喜树碱诱导大鼠肾脏移植免疫耐受机制的探讨

目的 :以羟基喜树碱 (HCPT)和环孢素A(CsA)诱导异基因大鼠肾脏移植免疫耐受 ,并探讨免疫耐受的形成机制 .方法 :以近交系DA大鼠为供者 ,近交系Lewis大鼠为受者行同种异体原位肾脏移植 .移植后受者大鼠接受不同剂量HCPT ,CsA治疗或二者联合应用 .应用RT PCR方法检测移植物内及受者脾内细胞因子mRNA表达情况 .结果 :各组移植后存活时间显著长于对照组 .C组 (HCPT 2mg-1·kg·d-1)中 4 /10和E组 (HCPT 1 0mg·kg-1·d-1+CsA 10mg·kg-1·d-1)中 5 /10受者大鼠形成特异性免疫耐受 .耐受组IL4 ,IL10mRNA表达明显高于排斥组 ,而IL2 ,IFNγ明显低于排斥组 .受者脾内细胞因子表达量近似于移植物内 .结论 :大剂量HCPT或小剂量HCPT与CsA合用可诱导异基因大鼠肾脏移植免疫耐受 .细胞因子偏向Th2亚类是免疫耐受形成机制之一 .受者脾内细胞因子mR NA表达与移植物内表达近似     

氟伐他汀对肾小球硬化大鼠Ⅳ型胶原的影响

目的 :探讨羟甲基戊二酰辅酶 A还原酶抑制剂 ( HCRI)氟伐他汀对肾小球硬化大鼠 型胶原的影响。方法 :用 5 / 6肾切除的方法诱导大鼠肾小球硬化模型 ,随机分为对照组 ,氟伐他汀治疗组 ( 2 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,苯那普利治疗组 ( 6mg· kg- 1 ·d- 1 )及假手术组。10周时测尿量、尿蛋白、内生肌酐清除率 ( Ccr)、血肌酐、血胆固醇和血甘油三酯。免疫组化检测肾组织 型胶原水平表达。结果 :氟伐他汀及苯那普利治疗组尿蛋白及肾组织 型胶原水平表达明显低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,Ccr明显高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :氟伐他汀可降低蛋白尿 ,减轻肾小球硬化 ,改善肾功能 ,其对肾脏的保护作用并不依赖降胆固醇作用     

血管紧张素Ⅱ及其受体在慢性环孢素A肾毒性大鼠肾组织中的表达

\[摘要\]目的观察血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ) 及其受体在慢性环孢素A(CsA)肾毒性中的表达。方法Sprague-Dawley大鼠皮下注射CsA(15 mg·kg-1·d-1) 4周, 建立慢性CsA肾毒性模型;正常对照组皮下注射橄榄油。检测各组大鼠的体重、收缩期血压、血CsA浓度、血清肌酐、肌酐清除率;三色染色观察肾小管间质纤维化;免疫组织化学染色和蛋白质免疫印迹法分别检测AngⅡ及其受体AT1和AT2的表达。结果慢性 CsA 肾毒性组表现为体重减少、血肌酐上升、肌酐清除率下降、肾小管间质带状纤维化 (P<0.01)。与对照组相比,毒性组大鼠AngⅡ的免疫活性明显增加(47±7 vs 13±4, P<0.01),主要分布于入球动脉的肾小球旁器,与肾小管间质纤维化程度紧密相关(r=0.769, P<0.001)。免疫印迹显示毒性组AngⅡ受体 AT1 的表达明显减少\[(114±14)% vs (42±6)%, P<0.01\],而 AT2 的表达增加\[(129±23)% vs (469±43)%, P<0.01\]。结论在慢性CsA肾毒性中,肾内肾素血管紧张素被激活,表现为AngⅡ免疫活性增加,这种AngⅡ免疫活性与肾小管间质纤维化紧密相关。     

普乐可复对肾脏毒性的实验研究

目的 :探讨普乐可复 (FK5 0 6 )对肾脏的毒性及其机制。方法 :分别给小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水、FK5 0 6 5mg·(kg·d) -1和 10mg·(kg·d) -1,连续用药 7d后断头采血 ,检测血肌酐 (Cr)、尿素氮 (BUN)、血栓素 B2 (TXB2 )和 6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α) ,并剖腹取其肾脏行常规病理检查。结果 :FK5 0 6 5mg·(kg·d) -1组血清BUN、Cr、TXB2明显高于空白对照组 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ,6 keto PGF1α较之显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;光镜下可见肾近曲小管上皮细胞混浊肿胀 ,肾小球萎缩不明显。FK5 0 6 10mg·(kg·d) -1组血清BUN、TXB2明显高于FK5 0 6 5mg·(kg·d) -1组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,6 keto PGF1α显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;光镜下可见肾小球萎缩 ,纤维化 ,严重者肾小球结构消失 ,肾近曲小管上皮细胞混浊肿胀。结论 :FK5 0 6的肾毒性主要表现为肾小球和肾小管损伤后的肾功能下降 ,其机制与肾脏血管内皮细胞损伤有关     

托吡酯对癫痫大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 :探讨托吡酯 (TPM)对癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法 :采用戊四氮致痫模型 ,大鼠癫痫发作后连续给予托吡酯 (80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 和 4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 ) ,共 14 d。以 TU NEL方法标记 DNA片段 ,原位检测海马 CA1和 CA3区的神经细胞凋亡。结果 :各组大鼠海马 CA1、CA3区均出现 TU NEL阳性细胞。对照组海马 CA1、CA3区 TUNEL阳性细胞数分别为 (35 .83± 4 .5 8)个和 (36 .83± 3.87)个 ;4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组分别为 (31.5 2± 3.4 3)个和 (32 .35± 4 .6 9)个 ;80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组为 (2 1.17± 3.0 6 )个和 (2 1.16± 3.87)个。 80 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组比较存在极显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,4 0 mg· kg- 1 · d- 1 托吡酯组与对照组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :TPM对癫痫发作后神经元凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

三苯氧胺对小鼠睾丸形态结构的影响

目的观察三苯氧胺 (TAM )对小鼠睾丸形态结构的影响。方法将雄性小鼠随机分成阴性对照组、TAM(低、中、高 )组和阳性对照组 ,分别以生理盐水、TAM (0 .0 2mg·kg-1·d-1、0 .2mg·kg-1·d-1、2mg·kg-1·d-1)和环磷酰胺(40mg·kg-1·d-1)连续灌胃 2 0天 ,于末次后 15天处死小鼠 ,计算实验前后体重变化、睾丸重量与睾丸指数 ,并观察光镜和电镜下睾丸组织的形态。结果高TAM组小鼠的体重变化、睾丸指数与阴性对照组比较差别显著 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,高TAM组睾丸组织的形态结构明显改变。结论高剂量TAM对小鼠的睾丸组织有毒性作用。     

泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症依从性比较

[目的 ]探讨泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症患者的依从性。 [方法 ]对多发性抽动症患者随机分为两组 ,分别口服泰必利 ( A组 )、氟哌啶醇 ( B组 )。A组初始剂量 5 mg· kg-1·d-1,视病情每周增加剂量 2 .5 mg·kg-1·d-1,最大至 1 5～ 2 0 mg·kg-1·d-1;B组 0 .0 3mg· kg-1·d-1开始 ,每 1～ 2周增加 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .0 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,最大至 0 .1 5 mg· kg-1· d-1,观察 8周比较两组治疗效果与对副作用的关系 ,[结果 ]泰必利和氟哌啶醇治疗多发性抽动症疗效无显著差异 ,而氟哌啶醇因副作用大 ,患者依从性差。 [结论 ]治疗多发性抽动症 ,宜首选泰必利。     

在不同环节阻断RAAS对肾血管高血压大鼠左室重构的影响

目的探讨在肾血管性高血压左室肥厚(LVH)形成过程中在不同环节阻断RAAS对肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化以及左室重构的影响。方法采用两肾一夹(2K1C)法在SD大鼠中建立肾血管性高血压模型,随机分为非药物干预组(N组)、阻断醛固酮受体组(螺内酯50mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,S组)、阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ受体组(缬沙坦30mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,V组)、阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ受体+阻断醛固酮受体组(螺内酯50mg·kg-1·d-1+缬沙坦30mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,S+V组),并以假手术组大鼠(C组)为对照。采用心脏超声观察各组大鼠心脏结构和功能的变化;放射免疫法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮的浓度;Woessner法测定心肌组织中胶原浓度。结果用药8周后V组、S+V组的血压、左室收缩期径线室壁应力、舒张末期左室后壁厚度、相对室壁厚度以及左室重量指数等指标均明显低于N组及S组(P<0.05)。S组、V组、S+V组心肌组织中AngⅡ浓度、心肌胶原含量、心肌内血管周围胶原面积、胶原容积分数均明显低于H组(P<0.05)。结论(1)2K1C法可以在SD大鼠中产生明确的肾血管性高血压、LVH、心肌纤维化以及心功能减退。(2)应用缬沙坦阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ受体在降低血压的同时可以防止心肌纤维化以及LVH的形成,改善左室功能;应用螺内酯阻断醛固酮受体可以抑制肾     

氟伐他汀对肾小球硬化大鼠Ⅳ型胶原的影响及分子机制研究

目的:探讨羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶抑制剂氟伐他汀对肾小球硬化大鼠转化生长因子鄄β1(TGF鄄β1)的影响及其与纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI鄄1)、Ⅳ型胶原的关系。方法:用5/6肾切除的方法诱导大鼠肾小球硬化模型,随机分为对照组、氟伐他汀(2mg·kg-1·d-1),苯那普利(6mg·kg-1·d-1)及假手术组。10周时测尿量、尿蛋白、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血肌酐、血胆固醇和血三酰甘油。肾组织行苏木精-伊红及PAS染色,并计算肾小球硬化指数(GSI),免疫组化检测肾组织Ⅳ型胶原水平表达,蛋白印迹测定肾皮质PAI鄄1、TGF鄄β1的蛋白水平表达。结果:氟伐他汀及苯那普利治疗组尿蛋白、GSI及肾组织Ⅳ型胶原表达明显低于对照组(P<0.01),PAI鄄1、TGF鄄β1表达亦低于对照组,Ccr明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:氟伐他汀可抑制TGF鄄β1及PAI鄄1,减少Ⅳ型胶原积聚,减轻肾小球硬化,降低蛋白尿,改善肾功能,其对肾脏的保护作用并不依赖降胆固醇作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.