新生儿肺透明膜病的X线诊断

目的 :探讨新生儿肺透明膜病的X线表现特征。材料和方法 :回顾性分析经临床及病理证实的 2 4例新生儿肺透明膜病的X线表现。结果 :本组 2 4例中 2例肺野可显示网格及斑点状密度增高阴影 ,2 1例表现为肺野透光度减低 ,1例仅表现肺纹理增强。其中 16例可见空气支气管征。本组合并肺出血 6例 ,合并有动脉导管未闭 5例 ,并发气胸 1例。结论 :X线检查是诊断新生儿肺透明膜病的主要方法。胸部照片显示肺野透光度减低、“白肺”及空气支气管征 ,结合临床 ,可作出较明确的诊断。     

新生儿肺透明膜病的临床及X线诊断（附40例报告）

目的：研究新生儿肺透明膜病临床及X线诊断。40例患儿中，男28例，女12例，顺产19例，剖宫产21例，本组均为早产儿，病例中死亡18例。方法：对该40例患儿胸部表现进行分析，结果X线表现两肺透光度减低40例，合并颗粒状阴影22例，毛玻璃样改变合并支气管充气征越出心脏轮廓为35例，两肺普遍呈云絮状影—白肺8例。结论：X线胸片是诊断肺透明膜病的主要方法，能够做出早期诊断，并得到合理有效的治疗，减少病死率。     

新生儿肺透明膜病X线病理对照观察

目的：研究新生儿肺透明膜病的Ｘ线表现及其动态变化。方法：经尸检病理证实的新生儿肺透明膜病１６例。男１２ 例,女４例,早产１２ 例,足月４ 例。１６例均为低体重儿。平均日龄３８ ｈ。顺产９例,剖腹产７例。１６ 例中ＣＰＡＰ治疗１０例。每例摄胸部Ｘ线片２～５次。Ｘ线表现与病理结果对照观察分析。结果：病理镜下弥漫性肺泡和终末气道内透明膜形成１１例,局限两肺下叶３例,单独右下叶１例,右下叶并左上叶１例。合并肺出血１０ 例,ＰＤＡ１３例。Ｘ线表现白肺２ 例,肺野透光度减低１１ 例。细颗粒状影１０ 例,云絮状影８例,支气管充气征１２例,纵隔积气和气胸各１例。结论：细网粒影伴支气管充气征是新生儿肺透明膜病的典型Ｘ线表现。Ｘ线随访中出现云絮状影是本病合并肺出血的重要征象。     

新生儿肺透明膜病的影像分析

目的 探讨新生儿肺透明膜病的影像特征。方法 回顾性分析经临床及病理证实的80例新生儿肺透明膜病的X线表现。结果 本组80例中25例表现为肺野呈细网格状改变及弥散颗粒状阴影，40例表现为肺野透光度减低、斑片状密度增高影，肺野透光度明显下降，心缘及膈面模糊；15例表现为“白肺”；其中合并肺炎20例，合并动脉导管未闭10例，并发肺出血15例，并发气胸5例。结论 普通胸部X线检查是诊断新生儿肺透明膜病的可靠方法，也是可用于考虑这些病人的临床状况并需立刻做出诊断的手段之一。支气管充气征是本病具有的特征性表现。     

早产婴肺的X线诊断

目的：研究早产婴肺的X线表现,提高其诊断及鉴别诊断能力。材料和方法：回顾性分析10例临床证实的早产婴肺的X线表现。结果：早产婴肺10例中,早产婴肺并发吸入性肺炎1例和早产婴肺并发肺透明膜病2例。早产婴肺的X线表现为：肺野透光度减低、肺野内弥漫性颗粒状影和下肺野淡片状影伴肺门区索条状影,但无支气管充气征。结论：X线平片结合临床可诊断早产婴肺。     

胸部CR摄片在新生儿肺透明膜病诊断及动态观察中的临床应用

目的 探讨胸部CR摄片在新生儿肺透明膜病诊断及治疗过程中动态观察的临床应用.方法 回顾分析208例新生儿肺透明膜病的X线表现和临床资料.结果 根据X线表现,将新生儿肺透明膜病分为4级.本组208例中,Ⅰ级56例,Ⅱ级81例,Ⅲ级49例,Ⅳ级22例.在治疗过程中动态观察病程如下:(1)一般治疗或使用PS药物治疗及机械通气后,24 h,48 h连续复查胸片,有效治疗156例,无效治疗52例.(2)并发症:肺炎76例,动脉导管开放63例,肺出血38例,气漏64例,支气管肺发育不良2例,缺氧缺血性脑病36例.结论 胸部CR摄片是诊断新生儿肺透明膜病的最佳影像学检查方法,运用其在治疗过程中动态观察病程变化具有临床价值.     

新生儿肺透明膜病及并发症的影像分析

目的探讨新生儿肺透明膜病及其并发症的影像表现,提高早期诊断能力。方法根据X线诊断标准及分级回顾性分析了经临床及病理证实的87例新生儿肺透明膜病的影像表现。结果本组87例中,Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级2 7例,Ⅲ级31例,Ⅳ级18例。其各种并发症如下动脉导管开放38例,肺出血2 9例,肺炎14例,气漏7例,缺氧缺血性脑病6例,颅内出血5例,支气管肺发育不良3例。结论新生儿肺透明膜病及并发症的影像表现多种多样,支气管充气征是诊断新生儿肺透明膜病最可靠的影像表现,结合临床大都可以作出肯定诊断。X线、B超等影像检查的常规、动态观察能及时发现并发症。     

多层螺旋CT与X线平片检查头胸复合伤患者中的应用对比分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT与X线平片检查在头胸复合伤的临床价值。方法对收治的116例头胸复合伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨多层螺旋CT、X线平片在头胸复合伤中的临床应用价值。结果 CT扫描相对于X线平片可以有效提高意识障碍患者的液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺、肺部感染等胸部损伤,差异具有显著统计学意义。CT扫描相对于X线平片可以有效提高意识清醒患者的液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺、肺部感染等胸部损伤,差异具有显著统计学意义。结论多层螺旋CT在头胸复合伤患者中对液气胸、肺挫伤、创伤性湿肺及肺部感染等的检查结果方面均优于X线平片,尤其适合意识障碍患者的检查,具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

强直性脊柱炎的CT、X线平片诊断

目的:探讨强直性脊柱炎的CT、X线平片表现,及其诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析53例强直性脊柱炎的CT、X线平片征象并根据纽约标准分期。结果:53例中,0期正常0例;Ⅰ期可疑改变CT7例,X线平片2例;II期轻度异常CT9例,X线平片6例;III期明显异常24例;IV期关节骨性强直13例(III,IV期CT,X线平片检出率相同)。结论:CT检查能对强直性脊柱炎做出正确分期,对临床诊断及治疗预后有较高的准确性,优于X线平片。     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的X线平片和CT诊断

目的 分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病的X线平片和CT表现,并探讨其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病患者资料,所有患者均为女性,年龄24～48岁,平均33岁.所有病例均行X线平片和CT平扫,其中5例行CT增强扫描.结果 X线平片显示肺纹理增粗,可见广泛网状病变.CT扫描及薄层多平面重建清晰显示双肺弥漫性囊腔的详细情况,并发气胸及胸腔积液各6例.结论 对肺淋巴管肌瘤病,X线平片可提示病变的存在,而CT扫描和重建图像则具有特征性表现.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.