Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with synchronous isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) represents the most common intramural mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, but the synchronous occurrence of GIST in the stomach and gynecological cancer is rare. We present a unique case of a 56-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with the synchronous development of GIST and an isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer. She underwent a wide local excision of gastric lesions with splenectomy. A morphological (histological and immunohistochemical) study established a spindle-cell type of gastrointestinal tumor that expressed CD117, and a parenchymal recurrence of ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma. The patient has remained alive and disease-free for 30 months since the last operation. A small GIST concomitant with an isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer is rarely encountered. The coexistence of GIST with other malignancies constitutes an intriguing oncologic model. Surgeons are advised to be alert against possible primary GIST accompanying other neoplasms.

     

Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater associated with other organ malignancies

Because of its location with respect to the biliary system, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is considered to manifest earlier in its course of development than carcinoma of the pancreas. The most common physical finding is jaundice, which occurs in 93-100% of cases [1,2]. This retrospective study describes the results of the treatment and prognosis for double primary cancers in which cancer of the ampulla of Vater was associated with malignancies in other organs in 5 patients who were diagnosed and treated at Kurume University Hospital. The patients included 5 men with an average age of 72.8 years. There were 3 synchronous double and 2 metachronous double cancer patients. Regarding prognoses of these patients, 1 patient with associated lung cancer died because of postoperative complications after pneumonectomy, 1 patient died due to carcinomatosa peritonei developing from the ampulla Vater carcinoma, and 1 patient died because of metastatic liver tumors from the ampullary carcinoma. In multiple cancers including ampulla Vater carcinoma, gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric or colon cancer occur frequently. Therefore, a careful gastrointestinal examination should be done preoperatively. We report our experience with 5 cases of ampullary carcinoma associated with malignancies in other organs and review the literature.     

Synchronous adenocarcinoma and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach

Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignancies, whereas primary gastric lymphoma is relatively uncommon. The synchronous occurrence of both gastric adenocarcinoma and malignant gastric lymphoma in the same patient is extremely rare. It is still controversial about their etiology. Recent studies have suggested that not only gastric cancer but also primary gastric lymphomas, especially those of MALT type, are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. We report on a 48-year old male who was referred to our hospital for complaining his epigastric pain of three months duration. Endoscopic examination revealed an elevated lesion located at pylorus, and the biopsy demonstrated a moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma with superficial lamina muscularis invasion. Thus, the patient underwent total gastrectomy, and the resected specimen revealed the presence of both adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for LCA and CD20 in the infiltrated lymphoid cells. However, the lesion with lymphoma was focal and smaller than that of adenocarcinoma in size, which was different from that most of the adenocarcinoma were smaller and penetrated less than coexisting MALT lymphoma reported in literature. It seemed to suggest that two lesions were primely separate, but they integrated into a lesion for a long time.     

同时性转移性乳腺癌的外科治疗

目的探讨同时性转移性乳腺癌患者外科治疗的方法和理论依据。方法分析汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院1997年1月至2007年12月手术治疗的初次诊断即发生远处转移的乳腺癌7例的临床特征和疗效,并复习相关文献。结果7例的中位生存期达到27．4个月,较同期非手术治疗的157例同时性转移性乳腺癌的中位生存期20．0个月长。结论部分经选择的转移性乳腺癌患者行外科手术治疗,能提高其生活质量,延长生存期。     

Bilateral breast cancer in northern Alberta: risk factors and survival patterns.

Of 2231 women with stage I, II or III breast cancer who were registered and seen between 1971 and 1979 and followed to the end of 1981, 48 (2.2%) had synchronous and 58 (2.6%) asynchronous bilateral breast cancer. The unadjusted incidence rate for a second breast cancer was 6.4/1000 breast-years at risk, compared with a rate of 0.70 for the risk of a first breast cancer in women. When calculated from the date of diagnosis of the first breast cancer the survival rate was better for the group with asynchronous disease than for the group with synchronous disease or for a group with unilateral disease, but when calculated from the date of diagnosis of the second cancer the rate was the same in all three groups. Comparison of known risk factors showed a significant association between the development of bilateral cancer and a later age at the birth of the first child and a longer interval between menarche and that birth. There was a trend towards greater age and more stage III cancer in the group with synchronous disease. There was no correlation between receiving radiotherapy for the first breast cancer and development of the second cancer. Annual mammography and clinical examination of asymptomatic women at a cancer centre resulted in the detection of a significantly higher proportion of minimal breast cancers in the second breast compared with the first. Such screening practices should be even more valuable in the earlier detection of unilateral breast cancer in asymptomatic women who have not had breast cancer.     

Polymorphism of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) Cys29Arg and risk of six malignancies in Japanese

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the enzyme catalyzing the first step of pyrimidine metabolism. To date, genetic polymorphisms of pyrimidine-synthesizing enzymes have been reported to be associated with the risk of malignant lymphoma or colon cancer. Accordingly, there may be associations between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) polymorphism and the risk of malignancies. We conducted a prevalent case-control study to investigate the associations between a functional polymorphism of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, DPYD T85C, and the risk of six malignancies. Controls were 445 Nagoya City inhabitants without a history of malignancy who had participated in a health check-up between August and September 2000. Case subjects were 901 patients with malignancies (99 esophageal, 131 gastric, 143 colon, 179 lung, 243 breast, and 106 malignant lymphomas) who had visited Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between March 1999 and December 2000. No DPYD CC individuals were found in either cases or controls. The frequency of DPYD TC genotype was 6.3% in control subjects and 5.9% in all case subjects (not significant). In a subgroup analysis, the frequency of TC genotype was highest in patients with gastric cancer (9.1%), followed by those with lung cancer (8.3%), with the lowest frequency in those with malignant lymphoma (1.9%). The gender- and age- adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the TC genotype of gastric cancer and malignant lymphoma were 1.52 (0.71-3.28) and 0.31 (0.71-1.34), respectively. Although prevalent cases were used, this study suggested that the influence of DPYD T85C posed only a limited risk for the six malignancies.     

同步放化疗与序贯放化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的临床疗效对比

目的:比较中晚期食管癌同步放化疗与序贯放化疗的临床治疗效果。方法:选择2008年6月-2012年12月本院入住的146例中晚期食管癌患者,按随机数字表法分为同步组与序贯组,分别采用同步放化疗及序贯放化疗。观察两组患者近期疗效,1、3年生存率及毒副反应。结果:同步组有效率为69.86%,序贯组为65.75%,两组有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);同步组1、3年生存率分别为72.60%、50.68%,序贯组分别为45.20%、24.66%,同步组明显优于序贯组,两组1、3年生存率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:同步放化疗与序贯放化疗治疗中晚期食管癌相比较效果显著。     

肺内同时性多原发癌的临床诊断与治疗

目的总结5例肺内同时性多原发肺癌诊断和治疗经验。方法对经病理证实的肺内同时性多原发肺癌5例进行临床回顾性分析。结果肺内同时f生多原发肺癌的发生率占上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院呼吸科住院同期肺癌的0．21％;其中男4例,女1例;发病年龄为44—75岁,平均年龄为60．2岁。5例患者均行手术治疗。对4例双侧同时性多原发肺癌患者分期进行手术治疗,病灶较大的一侧行常规开胸肺叶切除术,病灶较小的一侧1个月后行胸腔镜肺叶或病灶楔形切除术。对1例肺内同侧同时性多原发癌患者行同期手术。5例患者均无围术期死亡,无严重心肺并发症。5例患者均随访3年,1年和3年生存率分别为80．0％（4／5）和60．0％（3／5）。结论随着医学的发展,医患对肺多原发癌认识的不断增强,其早期诊断和检出率不断提高,采取积极的手术治疗,可使肺内同时性多原发癌患者获得较为理想的预后。     

同时性肝转移结直肠癌的临床特征分析

目的：探讨同时性肝转移结直肠癌患者的临床病理因素,方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月南方医科大学第三附属医院收治的156例结直肠癌患者的临床资料．分析临床因素与同时性肝转移的关系。结果：156例结直肠癌患者中18例（11．5％）发生同时性肝转移、直肠是结直肠癌的最常见的原发部位同时性肝转移的发生与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤原发部位及肿瘤分化程度无相关性（P〉0．05）,而与肿瘤病理分期、淋巴结转移、CEA水平及血管浸润有相关性（P〈0．05）．结论：肿瘤病理分期、淋巴结转移、CEA水平及血管浸润等因素与同时性肝转移存在相关性.     

Gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma mimicking acute cholecystitis

Renal cell carcinoma constitutes about 3% of adult malignancies. It has a high metastatic potential associated with synchronous or metachronous metastatic disease. Further, it is known to metastasize mainly to the lung, bone, brain, liver, or adrenal glands. In very rare cases it can metastasize to the gallbladder mimicking acute cholecystitis on clinical exam. In this case we present a patient who developed a gallbladder metastasis five years after a renal cell carcinoma mimicking acute cholecystitis.     

CT灌注成像预测中晚期宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗疗效的价值

目的探讨CT灌注参数预测中晚期宫颈癌鳞癌同步放化疗疗效的价值。方法对44例进行为期1年的随访,按照实体肿瘤的RECIST标准将其分为有效组与无效组。对各组的灌注参数进行比较,并采用ROC曲线分析来评价灌注参数预测中晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗疗效的价值。结果 1、BV、PMB在两组间差异有统计学意义(t=3.667,P=0.001;t=3.047,P=0.004),并且有效组的BV值、PMB值较无效组高;BF、MTT、TTP在两组间没有统计学意义。2、经ROC曲线分析,BV的曲线下面积较PMB曲线下面积大,所以BV的评价效能较PMB高。结论 CT灌注成像在中晚期宫颈鳞癌同步放化疗疗效评价方面有预测价值。     

Second primary cancer in hematological malignancy experience in VGH-Taipei

Seven patients of hematological malignancy with second primary cancer had been found at Veteran General Hospital from 1983 to 1988. The second primary cancers either developed subsequently or concurrently with the hematological malignancies. Four patients were diagnosed to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and three of them developed squamous cell carcinoma of lung(2) and hepatocellular carcinoma (1) at 44, 20 and 45 months after the initial diagnosis of on-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All three had received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Another one was found to have liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum concurrently. Three patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two of them were found to have skin squamous cell carcinoma at the same time. Another one developed cervical squamous cell cancer ten months after treatment with oral leukeran and prednisolone. Literature about synchronous and metachronous neoplasms was reviewed.     

Donor lymphocyte infusion. An adaptive cellular immunotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies

The application of immunotherapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies is relatively new. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a form of adaptive cellular therapy where the transfer of cells from immunocompetent donor to patient with cancer who relapsed after bone marrow transplantation results in destruction of the malignant cells. Hereby, we review the concepts, mechanisms, and results of the application of DLI in treatment of some hematological malignancies.     

同时发生的食管胃重复癌的外科治疗

目的：探讨同时发生的食管、胃重复癌的发病机制、诊断、手术治疗及效果,以期提高对食管、胃重复癌的重视和认识水平。方法：对我院同时发生的食管、胃重复癌8例的临床资料、选择合理手术治疗方式进行综合分析。结果：术后发生胸内吻合口瘘1例,经食管支架植入保守治疗痊愈,全组无死亡病例。食管、胃重复癌手术治疗可取得与单纯性食管癌手术同样的手术疗效。结论：提高对同时性食管、胃重复癌的认识,争取早期诊断,避免漏诊误诊,根据具体情况及时选择合理的手术方式治疗,可提高远期生存率。     

妇科肿瘤患者抗凝药物预防静脉血栓 栓塞的现况特点及合理性分析

目的 了解妇科恶性肿瘤使用抗凝药物预防静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）发生的现况特点,评价抗凝药物 的用药合理性。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选取2016 年1 月1 日-2016 年12 月31 日某三甲综合医院及某肿 瘤专科医院收治的妇科恶性肿瘤住院患者1168 例次,进行回顾性调查分析。结果 该调查的1 168 份病历中, 预防性使用抗凝药物的病历共185 份,总预防用药率为15.84%（185/1168）。VTE 高危妇科恶性肿瘤住院患者 预防性抗凝用药率低,仅为32.32%。对使用抗凝药物防治VTE 的193 份病历进行评价,不合理用药病例数占 69.43%（134/193）,主要为用药疗程不适宜。结论 妇科恶性肿瘤患者中使用抗凝药物预防VTE 所占比例较低, 并存在不合理使用现象。对VTE 高危的妇科恶性肿瘤患者,应积极采取预防性抗凝措施。     

同步热放化疗对宫颈癌组织VEGF蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究同步热放化疗治疗宫颈癌的疗效,分析治疗前和治疗中对宫颈癌组织VEGF蛋白表达的影响。方法：将40例宫颈癌1IIb期分为同步热放化疗组（H＋CRT组）和同步放化疗组（CRT组）,观察比较局部肿瘤消退情况和1,2,3年累积生存率;采用免疫组化法检测两组治疗前、中宫颈肿瘤组织中VEGF蛋白表达。结果：在完成体外照射27Gy时H＋CRT组局部肿瘤完全消退率高于CRT组（P〈0.05）,但两组患者的1,2,3年累积生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组治疗中VEGF蛋白表达强度均较治疗前减弱,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗中H＋CRT组VEGF蛋白表达强度较CRT组减弱,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：同步热放化疗能有效降低肿瘤VEGF的表达强度,抑制肿瘤增殖,促进肿瘤消退。热疗与同步放化疗具有协同增强作用。     

同时性多原发结直肠癌研究进展

同时性多原发结直肠癌是一类特殊类型的大肠癌疾病,指同一患者同时或6个月以内于结直肠诊断2个或2个以上相互独立的肠癌病灶。近年来随着临床诊治水平的提高及人类平均寿命的延长,同时性多原发结直肠癌的发病率明显升高。该疾病与孤立性结直肠癌相比,具有其独特的临床病理特征,且临床漏诊率较高,因此提高对这一特殊类型大肠癌的认识具有重要的临床意义。目前关于同时性多原发结直肠癌的病因及发病机制尚不明确,该文针对同时性多原发结直肠癌的临床、病理特点及分子特征、诊治等进行文献综述,以提高临床医生对该疾病的认识,指导临床诊治。     

以静脉血栓形成为早期临床表现的消化道恶性肿瘤的临床特点研究

目的　探讨以静脉血栓形成（VTE）为早期临床表现的消化道恶性肿瘤的临床特点,以期提高临床医师对此类恶性肿瘤的诊治意识,改善患者预后。方法　选取2012年1月—2017年1月于盐城市第三人民医院收治的、被明确诊断为消化道恶性肿瘤并发VTE的患者42例。将患者分为两组,对照组：以消化道恶性肿瘤诊断入院,在医院接受手术之后或诊治期间首次出现VTE的患者;研究组：以VTE为首发症状就诊、进一步诊断出消化道恶性肿瘤、且未接受手术治疗的患者。通过查阅病历的方法,收集两组患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、体质指数（BMI）、有无合并症、VTE发生部位、肿瘤发生部位、肿瘤的组织学类型及侵犯程度、入院时首次相关实验室检查结果等。结果　42例患者中,以VTE为首发症状的消化道恶性肿瘤患者17例（40.5%）,对照组25例（59.5%）。研究组患者男性比例、VTE发生在双下肢的患者比例、肿瘤发生在胃部的患者比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者年龄、BMI、合并症、VTE发生部位（除外双下肢）、肿瘤组织学类型、肿瘤侵犯情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。研究组D-二聚体水平、血小板计数及纤维蛋白原水平高于对照组,而血红蛋白水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　以原发性VTE为早期临床表现的消化道恶性肿瘤,男性患者发病率相对较高,双侧DVT的发生率较高,且以胃恶性肿瘤为主。提醒临床医生在诊治过程中,若遇有不明原因的VTE患者,尤其是男性、双侧下肢VTE患者,应高度警惕其并发胃恶性肿瘤的可能性。     

Predictive Factors Improving Survival After Gastric and Hepatic Surgical Treatment in Gastric Cancer Patients with Synchronous Liver Metastasis

背景：胃癌肝转移患者预后较差,然而目前对于胃癌肝转移尚无规范化治疗体系。手术治疗的疗效及预后因素尚存在争议。 方法：回顾性分析解放军总医院自1995至2010年接受手术治疗的105例同时性胃癌肝转移且无肝外转移患者的病例资料。 结果：本组105例患者一、二、三年生存率分别为42.1%, 17.2%, 10.6%,中位生存期11个月。多因素分析表明淋巴结清扫范围(D) (P<0.001), N (P<0.001), 肝转移程度(H) (P=0.008), 脉管癌栓(P=0.002) 为生存期的独立预后因素。在对胃癌原发病灶给予D2淋巴结清扫的患者中,同时给予肝转移灶切除能够显著延长生存期（中位生存期分别为24个月和12个月,P<0.001）;然而在对胃原发病灶行D1或相似文献   

胃食管早期多原发肿瘤12例分析

目的 探讨胃食管多原发肿瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法 分析首都科医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院近十年来胃镜检查发现的胃食管多原发肿瘤患者,分析其临床及内镜下特征和手术方式。结果 本院10年来胃镜下诊断胃肿瘤患者358例,食管癌患者201例,其中单发胃食管早癌患者68例,胃食管多原发肿瘤病例共12人,其中同时多原发肿瘤9例,异时多原发肿瘤3例。术前漏诊2例,均为Ⅱb型病变。结论 多原发胃食管肿瘤,尤其是副病灶多为早期肿瘤,内镜容易漏诊,应加强应用放大内镜、内镜窄带成像术（narrow band imaging,NBI）及化学染色方法,避免漏诊,提高患者生存率。