神经根型颈椎病慢性颈肩痛患者脑默认网络研究

目的运用独立成分分析法(independent component analysis,ICA)探究神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR)慢性颈肩痛患者脑默认网络(default mode network,DMN)功能连接的变化。材料与方法采用3.0 T MR对29名受试者进行颅脑常规扫描、高分辨率3D-T1结构像及静息态功能MRI扫描,扫描结束后收集每例患者视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)数据。采用ICA分离及识别默认网络,组间对比分析两组DMN功能连接的改变,将有差异的脑区功能连接强度与VAS评分进行pearson相关性分析。结果神经根型颈椎病慢性颈肩痛患者丘脑、海马、基底核、左侧颞中回及楔前叶的功能连接强度减低,右侧颞上回功能连接增强。海马的功能连接强度与VAS得分存在负相关(r=-0.546,P=0.043)。结论 CSR慢性颈肩痛患者的脑DMN功能连接强度发生变化,可能与患者的认知痛觉加工、情绪处理和记忆功能变化相关。     

7.0T静息态fMRI分析恒河猴脑默认网络

目的 分析健康恒河猴大脑的默认网络（DMN）结构。方法 采用7.0T fMRI获得麻醉状态下健康恒河猴的静息态数据;以DPARSF软件包对猴脑静息态功能像进行预处理,将其配准到恒河猴标准模板112SM-RL-T1;之后利用GIFT软件包对预处理后的功能像数据进行组独立成分分析。结果 本文方法可较准确地对猴脑静息态数据进行预处理,并获得静息态脑网络功能连接图;其中DMN包括位于中线区的后扣带回、前扣带回、内侧顶叶皮质、后压部皮质以及大脑左右半球较为对称的腹侧壁内区域、背侧颞上沟回、颞区、弓状沟回及部分视觉区域等脑区。结论 借助7.0T fMRI,本文证实恒河猴默认网络与人类默认网络在结构上具有相似性,此类模型可辅助进行药理性实验研究以及神经认知类研究。     

视神经脊髓炎患者默认网络及额顶网络功能连接的研究

目的采用独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)方法分析静息态功能磁共振成像(resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rsf MRI)数据,观察视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)患者大脑默认网络(default mode network,DMN)及额顶网络(frontoparietal network,FPN)功能连接的异常以及与临床评分的相关性。材料与方法对我院20例NMO患者(NMO组)及20名健康对照者(正常对照组)行静息态f MRI扫描,所得数据利用DPARSFA软件预处理,然后利用GIFT软件行ICA分析,并用SPM8比较两组默认网络及额顶网络功能连接的差异,同时分析有差异脑区的时间序列信号与临床扩展残疾状态量表评分及病程的相关性。结果与对照组比较,NMO组DMN功能连接增强的脑区包括双侧舌回,延伸到右侧顶上小叶及左侧辅助运动区;功能连接减弱的脑区包括右侧额中回及右侧枕中回;NMO组FPN功能连接减弱的脑区为双侧楔叶,无功能连接增强的脑区。右侧舌回与病程呈正相关(r=0.682,P0.05)。结论 NMO患者静息态DMN、FPN均存在功能连接异常,提示患者的脊髓及视神经病变不仅引起患者相应的临床症状,局部结构损伤所致的功能改变也不仅仅局限于病变对应的区域,脑功能网络是一个复杂的互相关联的网络,存在损伤与代偿的复杂过程。     

脑白质疏松患者静息态脑网络磁共振成像的研究

目的观察脑白质疏松(LA)患者与健康人静息态脑网络的差异。方法分别对根据临床诊断的31例LA患者及27名年龄匹配的健康对照者进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,采用独立成分分析法分离静息状态专属性功能脑网络。结果患者组及对照组中均发现与以往文献报道相同的静息网络。两者的脑激活区域基本一致,但患者组网络成分的激活程度均较对照组低,包括楔前叶、扣带回后部、颞上回、顶上回、中央前回、中央后回、岛叶、前额叶皮质等。结论 LA患者与健康人在脑静息网络激活程度上存在显著差异。     

难治性抑郁症患者静息状态默认网络的改变

目的 探索难治性抑郁症(TRD)患者脑静息状态默认网络与正常对照组间的差异.方法 10例TRD患者和12名对照者接受440 s的静息脑功能扫描.运用功能连接分析得出个体的静息状态默认网络并进行组间比较.结果 与对照组比较,TRD组双侧颞中回、直回、楔前回、左侧眶回、右侧顶下小叶与后扣带回的连接功能减弱.结论 TRD患者的静息默认网络连接中多个脑区活动减弱,可能导致患者自我控制和情感行为功能异常.     

静息态默认功能网络磁共振成像研究

大脑处于无任务的静息状态时,仍存在着某种功能活动,表明大脑在静息状态时存在有组织的网络.扣带回后部皮层、楔前叶、前额叶内侧皮层构成静息态默认功能网络.本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述.     

重型抑郁障碍患者默认网络静态与动态功能连接变化

目的 基于静息态功能MRI(rs-fMRI)观察重型抑郁障碍(MDD)患者默认网络(DMN)静态与动态功能连接变化。方法 回顾性分析55例MDD患者(MDD组)及35名健康体检者(对照组)头颅高分辨率结构图像及rs-fMRI;以Matlab平台CONN工具箱进行图像预处理及独立成分分析(ICA)以提取DMN;比较组间DMN与全脑静态与动态功能连接变化;采用Pearson相关性分析观察MDD组与对照组存在差异脑区DMN与汉密尔顿抑郁量表-24项(HAMD-24)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及韦氏智力测验评分的相关性。结果 相比对照组,MDD组DMN与丘脑、楔前叶及中央前回静态功能连接均减弱(P均＜0.05);MDD组DMN与丘脑功能连接强度与HAMD-24评分呈低度负相关(r=－0.333,P=0.014)。相比对照组,MDD组DMN内侧前额叶皮层、左/右外侧顶叶与伏隔核,以及左外侧顶叶、后扣带回与丘脑动态功能连接均减弱。MDD组DMN内侧前额叶皮层-伏隔核、后扣带回-丘脑动态功能连接强度与HAMD-24评分呈低度正相关(r=0.313,P=0.019;r=0.311,P=0.021)。结论 MDD患者DMN与局部脑区存在静态与动态连接异常,部分与抑郁症严重程度相关。     

慢性疼痛病人动态疼痛连接组的功能MRI研究进展

慢性疼痛是由感觉、情绪、认知和行为元素组成的多维度体验,它给病人生理和心理带来严重的损害。慢性疼痛的进展和维持与中枢神经密不可分。在既往多位学者的研究基础上,“动态疼痛连接组”理论被提出并成为了部分研究人员对慢性疼痛进一步深入研究的重要理论依据。本文对“动态疼痛连接组”这一理论提出前后,在慢性疼痛病人中其功能MRI研究进行综述,并对其未来可能研究方向进行简单阐述。     

2型糖尿病患者脑默认网络损伤的多模态功能磁共振研究进展

2型糖尿病(T2DM)是以胰岛素抵抗为主要病因以高血糖为主要特征的全身代谢性疾病。默认网络(DMN)相关脑区是T2DM在中枢神经系统中最易受累的部位之一。多模态功能磁共振(f MRI)对T2DM脑DMN损伤的早期发现及预后评估是近年来研究的热点。作者对T2DM脑损伤的机制及病理学改变、运用多模态f MRI对T2DM脑DMN损伤的研究现状进行综述。     

老年认知功能障碍患者默认网络、凸显网络和中央执行网络研究进展北大核心CSCD

健康老年人及老年认知功能障碍患者默认网络、凸显网络和中央执行网络的功能连接发生改变,且不同程度认知功能障碍患者表现出不同的改变模式。利用静息态功能磁共振技术对痴呆早期患者脑内在网络的连接变化进行监测具有重要意义。     

主动抗阻运动疗法治疗慢性颈部疼痛的临床研究

目的观察主动抗阻运动疗法对于慢性颈部疼痛患者的治疗效果。方法门诊选择39例病程超过6个月的女性慢性颈部疼痛的患者作为治疗组;选择21例正常女性作为对照组。对照组不进行功能锻炼。治疗组应用主动抗阻运动疗法进行功能锻炼。治疗前、治疗后12个月,观察颈椎生理曲度、项背肌肌肉CT值、项背肌肌力和耐力、颈部疼痛视觉模拟评分。结果与对照组相比,治疗组治疗前颈椎生理曲度降低(P<0.05),治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)。年长对照组的颈椎后部肌肉总体平均CT值较年轻对照组降低(P<0.05);治疗组项背肌肌肉总体平均CT值比对照组降低(P<0.05);治疗组治疗前后项背肌肌肉总体平均CT值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗组较对照组项背肌肌肉的肌力和耐力降低(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组项背肌肌力和耐力都较治疗前提高(P<0.05)。治疗组在治疗后1个月疼痛评分改善(P<0.05),治疗后1年所有患者疼痛完全消失。结论主动抗阻运动疗法能够提高项背肌肌力和耐力,消除疼痛。     

Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

This study explored the functional connectivity between brain regions implicated in the default mode network, the sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1), and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS/MIP) at rest in patients with complex regional pain syndrome. It also investigated how possible alterations are associated with neuropathic pain. Our group used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate functional brain connectivity in 12 complex regional pain syndrome patients in comparison with that in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Data were analyzed using a seed voxel correlation analysis and an independent component analysis. An analysis of covariance was employed to relate alterations in functional connectivity with clinical symptoms. We found significantly greater reductions in functional default mode network connectivity in patients compared to controls. The functional connectivity maps of S1/M1 and IPS/MIP in patients revealed greater and more diffuse connectivity with other brain regions, mainly with the cingulate cortex, precuneus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. In contrast, controls showed greater intraregional connectivity within S1/M1 and IPS/MIP. Furthermore, there was a trend for correlation between alterations in functional connectivity and intensity of neuropathic pain. In our findings, patients with complex regional pain syndrome have substantial spatial alterations in the functional connectivity between brain regions implicated in the resting-state default mode network, S1/M1, and IPS/MIP; these alterations show a trend of correlation with neuropathic pain intensity.     

脑白质疏松轻度认知功能障碍静息态默认网络研究

目的通过静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技术对脑白质疏松(LA)轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者脑默认网络进行分析。方法LA 患者31 例,临床痴呆评分(CDR) 0.5;年龄、性别和受教育程度匹配的正常对照组27 人,CDR 为0。对入组人群进行rs-fMRI 数据采集。使用SPM5 软件进行分析处理,使用fMRI 工具盒对预处理后的数据进行独立成分分析(ICA),组间差异进行双样本t 检验。结果静息状态下,对照组默认网络包括扣带回后部/楔前叶,双侧额叶内侧,双侧颞中回,双侧顶下回、角回,双侧海马。MCI组默认网络激活区域同对照组一致;同对照组相比,MCI患者扣带回前部/左侧额叶内侧、右侧海马旁回/钩回、右侧颞下回、左侧额叶深部白质/尾状核头部激活减低,左侧尾状核/扣带回前部、左侧额叶、左侧颞上回/顶下回的激活升高。结论LA患者静息状态默认网络活动异常,可能与认知障碍的发生有关。     

Altered Regional Brain Morphology in Patients With Chronic Facial Pain

Background.— Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) is defined as a persistent, unilateral facial pain, not associated with sensory loss or other physical signs and with no obvious structural abnormalities that would sufficiently explain pain experience. Objective.— We were interested whether there is evidence of altered brain morphology in patients with PIFP as it has been described in other chronic pain conditions. Methods.— Using voxel‐based morphometry we investigated regional gray matter volume in 11 PIFP patients and 11 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Furthermore we calculated lateralization indices (LI) to investigate differences in interhemispheric gray matter asymmetries. Results.— We report a decrease in gray matter volume in the left anterior cingulate gyrus and left temporo‐insular region, as well as in the left and right sensory‐motor area, projecting to the representational area of the face. Analyses of LI values demonstrated an increased rightward asymmetry in the middle‐anterior insular cortex in patients in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusion.— Our data support previous findings showing that chronic pain states are display‐altered brain morphology in brain regions know to be part of the pain system. (Headache 2010;50:1278‐1285)     

卧位旋转牵扳手法治疗颈椎病

目的：介绍以卧位旋转牵扳手法为主治疗颈椎病和轻度颈椎损伤的方法及作用机理。方法：100例颈椎病和颈椎损伤患者随机分为2组，观察组采用卧位旋转牵扳手法及配合理疗等。对照组采用牵引，高频透热，中频电等治疗。结果：2组患者治疗时间最短2d，最长28d。观察组50例中经3d治疗即痊愈5例占10％，＞3d痊愈40例占80％，好转5例占10％；对照组50例中，3d痊愈为0，＞3d14例占28％，好转29例占58％，无效7例占14％。2组痊愈率比较前者明显优于后者（P＜0．005）。结论：卧位旋转牵扳手法具有疗效快，安全，患者无痛苦的特点，应作为治疗颈椎病和轻度颈椎损伤的首选方法，配合相应的理疗能巩固疗效。     

Analysis of Nighttime Activity and Daytime Pain in Patients with Chronic Back Pain Using a Self-Organizing Map Neural Network

There may be a relationship between sleep and pain in patients with chronic back pain. We collected day-time pain and nighttime activity data from 18 patients diagnosed with chronic back pain. The patients were followed for 6 days and 5 nights. Pain levels were collected every 90 min between 0800 hours and 2200 hours using a computerized electronic diary. Activity levels were collected using a wrist accelerometer (Actiwatch AW-64). The Actiwatch sampled activity counts every 1 min. Patients were asked to wear the Actiwatch on their non-dominant arm. The pain level measurements were interpolated using cubic splines. A mean pain level was calculated for each period 0800 hours to 2200 hours as well as for the 6-day period. The difference between the mean pain levels for the 6-day period and each 0800 hours to 2200 hours period was calculated for each patient. Nighttime activity data were analyzed using the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis software. Correlations were calculated between the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis variables and the mean pain level differences for each patient and period. The correlation analysis was performed with SPSS 7.5. We were unable to show any significant relationships. A different approach to analyze the data was used. A Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Neural Network was trained using the original nighttime activity level time series from 10 randomly selected patients. Recall was then performed on all the activity level data. Correlations were calculated between the pain level variance for the 6-day period for each patient and the corresponding difference in the SOM output coordinates. The correlation was found to be r = 0.73, p < 0.01). We conclude that daytime pain levels are not directly correlated with sleep in the following night and that sleep is not directly correlated with daytime pain levels on the following day in this group of patients. There appears to be a correlation between the difference in nighttime activity levels and patterns and the daytime pain variance. Patients who experience large fluctuations in daytime pain levels also show a higher variability in their nighttime activity levels and patterns. Even though we were unable to show a direct relationship between daytime pain and sleep, it may be reasonable to assume that better pain control resulting in less daytime pain fluctuations can provide more stable nighttime activity levels and patterns in this limited group of patients. By using a neural network model, we were able to extract information from the nighttime activity levels even though a traditional statistical analysis was unsuccessful.     

The Pain Associates' International Network Initiative: A Novel Practical Approach to the Challenge of Chronic Pain Management in Europe

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition with a multidimensional impact on the lives of patients, their families and communities. The public health burden of chronic pain is gathering recognition as a major healthcare problem in its own right and deserves closer attention. The challenge in treating chronic pain is to provide effective clinical management of a complex, multifaceted set of conditions that require a coordinated strategy of care. Epidemiological data and patient surveys have highlighted the areas of pain management that might be improved. These include a need for better understanding and documentation of the symptoms of chronic pain, standardized levels of care, improved communication among clinical personnel and with patients, and an updated education program for clinicians. For these reasons, new strategies aimed at improving the standards of pain management are needed. The Pain Associates' International Network (P.A.I.N.) Initiative was set up to devise practical methods for improving the quality of pain management for patients. These strategies have recently been put into practice through a number of activities: P.A.I.N. Workshops are meetings of international pain management professionals dedicated to discussing current management strategies and producing consensus recommendations for improving standards of care; P.A.I.N. Quality is a unique software program designed to help treating clinicians to document patient data and derive effective treatment plans; P.A.I.N. Online provides a web site forum for discussion of pain management topics; and P.A.I.N. Management is a clinician education program providing up‐to‐date training in pain management.