Ahmed阀门植入联合MMC治疗难治性青光眼

目的评价Ahmed青光眼阀门(AGV)植入物联合丝裂霉素C手术治疗难治性青光眼的临床效果,探讨其手术并发症以及处理。方法对52例难治性青光眼施行Ahmed青光眼阀门植入术,其中包括30例新生血管性青光眼,14例滤过手术失败的原发性青光眼,8例眼部手术后的继发性青光眼,术后随访3～12个月。结果在术后平均16±4个月的随访期间眼压由术前的41.40±8.03mmHg下降到20.55±9.53mmHg,总有效率为88.5%。手术并发症包括早期低眼压、前房延缓形成、脉络膜脱离和引流管堵塞、引流盘包裹等。结论Ahmed青光眼阀门近期疗效高于其他房水引流植入物,可使因引流过畅所致的并发症明显减少,而联合丝裂霉素C的应用可减少其远期并发症,为治疗难治性青光眼提供了一种新的有效的治疗途径。     

Ahmed 青光眼阀门植入物手术治疗顽固性青光眼

目的　评价Ahmed青光眼阀门 (AGV)植入物手术治疗顽固性青光眼的临床效果 ,探讨其手术并发症以及处理。方法　对 3 0例顽固性青光眼施行Ahmed青光眼阀门植入术 ,其中包括 14例新生血管性青光眼 ,2例假晶状体性青光眼 ,4例无晶状体性青光眼 ,6例有滤过性手术失败史的青光眼与 4例伴有葡萄膜炎的青光眼 ,术后随访 3～ 18个月。结果　在术后平均 (9± 4)个月的随访期间眼压由术前的 (41 40± 8 0 3 )mmHg下降到 (2 0 55± 9 53 )mmHg ,总有效率为 86 7% ,其中新生血管性青光眼有效率占 85 7% ,其他类型有效率占 87 5%。手术并发症包括短暂性浅前房 ,脉络膜脱离 ,引流管内口堵塞等。结论　Ahmed青光眼阀门近期疗效高于其他房水引流植入物 ,可使因引流过畅所致的并发症明显减少 ,为治疗顽固性青光眼提供了一种新的有效的治疗途径     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的：探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。 方法：回顾性研究我院Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗21例21眼难治性青光眼的临床疗效并进行总结分析。 结果：术前平均眼压为44.6±7.2mmHg,术后6mo末次随访平均眼压15.4±5.3mmHg;视力提高4眼,无改变14眼,降低3眼;手术并发症主要包括术后前房形成迟缓2眼、持续高眼压1眼、引流管暴露1眼、角膜失代偿1眼、引流盘纤维包裹3眼;手术成功率为86％。 结论：Ahmed青光眼阀植入术是治疗难治性青光眼有效和安全的方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效观察

目的 观察Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症.方法 32例(32眼)难治性青光眼患者应用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术进行治疗,观察患者术后眼压、视力及并发症,并与术前进行比较.结果 本组患者手术成功率为87.50％,其中新生血管性青光眼患者术后成功率为85.71％,其他类型青光眼患者成功率为90.91％.术前眼压为(45.3±11.3)mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg),术后最后一次随访眼压(16.57±5.31)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.017,P＜0.05).术后视力提高14例,视力不变16例,视力下降2例.术后并发症包括短暂性浅前房7例,前房积血4例,脉络膜脱落3例,引流盘周围纤维包裹2例.结论 Ahmed青光眼阀应用于治疗难治性青光眼疗效较好,并发症较少.     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术中联合应用透明质酸钠治疗NVG

目的：探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠对手术疗效及术后并发症发生率的影响。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选择我院2009/2011年因新生血管性青光眼住院手术的患者49例49眼,按病历号奇偶随机分为两组。对照组行单纯Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,术中前房内不予注入透明质酸钠,研究组术中在将Ahmed青光眼阀硅胶管置入前房前往前房内注入透明质酸钠0.2～0.3mL,术后定期随访1mo,比较两组间术后眼压、最佳矫正视力变化及术后浅前房、前房出血、脉络膜脱离等并发症发生情况。组间手术前后眼压对比采用独立样本秩和检验(非正态分布),组间并发症比较采用χ²检验。

结果：新生血管性青光眼术后随访1mo,研究组27眼眼压由42.8±5.56mmHg降至17.7±3.77mmHg,对照组22眼由42.5±5.36mmHg降至18.6±5.39mmHg; 术后并发症：研究组术后浅前房2例,术后出血1例; 对照组术后浅前房4例,术后出血5例,研究组前房硅胶管位置欠佳1例。

结论：Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠,可有效减少术后前房出血的发生,术后短期内会导致患者眼压升高,而对患者远期眼压无明显影响。     

减压阀引流术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效观察

目的观察青光眼减压阀植入手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效。方法采用Ahmed青光眼减压阀治疗新生血管性青光眼32例（32只眼）。青光眼控制标准为6mmHg≤眼压≥21mmHg。结果手术总成功率81.25%,术后随访3～36个月,眼压从术前平均（54.66±9.30）mmHg下降为术后平均（17.30±6.70）mmHg。主要并发症：术后早期低眼压10只眼（31.25%）,浅前房8只眼（25.0%）,前房出血1只眼（3.12%）,脉络膜脱离2只眼（6.25%）,前房导管口阻塞2只眼（6.25%）。术后视力无改变。结论应用青光眼减压阀植入手术治疗新生血管性青光眼是一种相对有效、安全的治疗方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入治疗新生血管性青光眼的有效性和安全性。方法采用Ahmed青光眼阀治疗新生血管性青光眼32例(32眼)。为视网膜血管性疾病及糖尿病所致的新生血管性青光眼。疗效评价:术后眼压8~21 mmHg,视功能保持或有改善为治愈。术后平均随访14月。结果手术成功率为71.87%,眼压从术前(54.32±15.48)mmHg下降为术后(19.55±5.76)mmHg。主要并发症有:早期低眼压、前房延缓形成、前房导管口阻塞、前房积血。结论Ahmed青光眼阀治疗新生血管性青光眼是一种有效的手术方法。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合手术治疗难治性青光眼临床分析

目的探讨Ahmed青光眼阀(AGV)植入联合手术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症。方法对24例(24只眼)难治性青光眼应用AGV及其联合手术治疗,其中10只眼为原发性青光眼行滤过性手术后眼压失控,8只眼为葡萄膜炎继发青光眼,6只眼为新生血管性青光眼。结果术后随访3～24月,平均18月。术后总有效率为87．5％,术前平均眼压(44．59±13．04)mmHg,术后平均眼压(16．52±4．61)mmHg,,差异有统计学意义 (P<0．01)。并发症为早期低眼压、浅前房、引流口堵塞、引流盘包裹、眼内出血等。结论 AGV植入及其联合手术是治疗难治性青光眼安全有效的途径。     

Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的手术方法及并发症预防。方法:回顾我院1999/2009年行Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术治疗的难治性青光眼5例,对术前和术后视力、眼压、引流管位置、虹膜新生血管及术后并发症情况进行分析。结果:术前眼压:43.00±14.71mmHg,随访6～24mo,末次眼压为22.60±12.72mmHg。术后1例视力略有提高,3例视力无明显变化,1例视力下降。4例术后引流管位置良好,1例术后3mo接触角膜内皮。4例新生血管性青光眼中3例术后虹膜新生血管部分或全部消退,1例无消退。前房出血3例;前房纤维素性渗出4例;引流管口阻塞2例,1例经YAG激光治疗再开放,1例经抗炎治疗后再开放,但术后3mo又出现阻塞经治疗无好转;浅前房2例;前房消失和高眼压1例;引流管暴露1例。结论:Ahmed青光眼引流阀植入术是治疗难治性青光眼比较有效的方法,注意术中手术操作可以减少早期并发症的发生。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝术对新生血管性青光眼治疗的临床效果。方法:选取4a来住院的新生血管性青光眼56例58眼,其中视网膜中央静脉阻塞25例25眼,糖尿病性视网膜病变21例23眼,视网膜血管炎5例5眼,颈动脉狭窄4例4眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞1例1眼,平均年龄50.6岁,均行Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝治疗,其中47眼于手术前后行全视网膜光凝,11眼于手术中联合周边视网膜冷凝术,平均随访18.0±6.2mo,观察手术前后视力和眼压的变化以及术后并发症的情况,结果进行统计学分析。结果:视力:术后43眼有不同程度地提高,15眼无变化,无视力下降者。眼压:随访6mo时眼压由术前49.56±8.25mmHg降至17.86±5.25mmHg,总成功率为85%;随访12mo时,眼压由术前50.25±7.18mmHg降至18.80±6.81mmHg,总成功率为78%;24mo以上随访19眼,眼压由术前51.05±8.10mmHg降至20.12±7.01mmHg,总成功率为74%,手术前后眼压比较差异有非常显著性。并发症主要有前房出血、前房延缓形成、引流管内口堵塞、引流盘纤维包裹,经术后处理均得到了恢复。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入联合视网膜光凝或冷凝是治疗新生血管性青光眼安全有效的方法之一。     

The Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in refractory glaucoma: experiences in Indian eyes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant in refractory glaucomas in Indian eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on the charts of 122 eyes of 122 patients with refractory glaucoma treated with Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant placement at Guru Nanak Eye Centre, New Delhi between January 1996 and December 1999. The main outcome measure was success at the last follow-up. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22 mmHg or less and 5 mmHg or more and at least a 30% reduction in IOP without visually devastating complications or additional glaucoma surgery. RESULTS: The mean postoperative IOP (17.29+/-3.79 mmHg) was significantly (P<0.001) lower than the mean preoperative IOP (31.47+/-7.86 mmHg) at last follow up (mean 12.51+/-8.37 months; range 3-24 months). The cumulative probability of success by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 85.95% at 12 months and 82.83% at 24 months. The mean number of postoperative antiglaucoma medications (0.75+/-0.80) was also significantly lower (P<0.001) than the mean preoperative number of antiglaucoma medications (2.83+0.72). The most common complication was corneal-tube contact, which occurred in five (4.10%) eyes. Retinal detachment occurred postoperatively in one eye with the clinical diagnosis of neovascular glaucoma secondary to Eale's disease. Two patients had tube extrusion requiring repositioning and reinforcement with scleral patch graft. CONCLUSIONS: Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation is an effective and relatively safe therapy for the treatment of refractory glaucoma in Indians.     

Clinical evaluation and risk factors of time to failure of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant in pediatric patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results and the risk factors related to time to failure of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA), an aqueous shunting device with a unidirectional valve mechanism, in pediatric patients. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 35 Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implants in 35 eyes of 29 patients less than 15 years of age (median, 2.4 years; range, 0-14.8 years). METHODS: Thirty-five Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implants were placed in eyes of pediatric patients with refractory glaucoma between December 1994 and March 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time after surgery without failure, intraocular pressure reduction, risk factors related to time to failure, and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The cumulative probabilities of success according to Kaplan-Meier analysis 12 and 24 months after implantation were 70.1% +/- 8.5% and 63.7% +/- 9.9%, respectively. Intraocular pressure was reduced from a preoperative mean of 28.8 +/- 4.5 mmHg to 18.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg by postoperative month 18. Shallow anterior chambers of different grades developed in nine eyes (25.7%) on the first postoperative day; this was associated with choroidal detachment in four eyes. Nine eyes (25.7%) experienced malposition, causing failure in six eyes. In three other eyes (8.5%), the average intraocular pressure at the last two follow-up examinations was more than 22 mmHg. Congenital glaucoma and surgical experience were significantly associated with time to failure. CONCLUSIONS: The 12- and 24-month success rates of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant in our study confirm its viability in the management of refractory infantile glaucoma. The complications related to overfiltration during the immediate postoperative period appear to be less severe than those associated with other drainage devices and resolve spontaneously. Diagnosis, number of previous glaucoma procedures, and the surgeon's experience seem to be related to the survival of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implant.     

内窥镜下睫状体光凝和减压阀植入术治疗角膜移植术后青光眼的疗效对比

目的:探讨内窥镜下睫状体光凝和减压阀植入术治疗角膜移植术后青光眼的疗效和安全性。方法:设计回顾性研究,对46例46眼角膜移植术后继发青光眼患者分别进行内窥镜下睫状体光凝和减压阀植入术,术后1,7d;1,6mo观察两组病例视力、眼压和角膜内皮以及术后并发症等情况结果:术后两组患者随访眼压在1,7d;1mo时间点进行t检验,均显示无统计学差异,但是在第6mo时间点时ECP组眼压为平均14.1±8.4mmHg,Ahmed组眼压平均18.2±7.6mmHg,两者之间显示有统计学差异。而两组中4个随访时间的眼压值与手术前眼压进行Dunnett-t检验显示均有统计学的差异。术前ECP组平均使用降眼压药物2.3种,术后下降到0.8种,Ahmed组平均使用降眼压药物2.4种,术后下降到0.7种,两者之间显示无统计学差异。ECP组手术后4眼出现渗出膜,5眼出现前房出血。渗出性脉络膜脱离2眼,低眼压2眼。Ahmed组2眼术后出现渗出膜,3眼术后出现前房出血,浅前房5眼,脉络膜脱离6眼,低眼压3眼。结论:ECP和引流阀植入术对于角膜移植术后继发青光眼的治疗均有可靠的疗效。但ECP降眼压的远期效果较引流阀植入术好,同时适应证广,并发症少。     

小梁切除联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的:探讨小梁切除联合羊膜移植术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法:对16例(17只眼)难治性青光眼行小梁切除联合羊膜移植术。术后随访 3～24个月,平均11.2个月。结果:术前平均眼压为(39.72±7.26)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);术后3个月眼压降至(14.62±3.72)mmHg,差异有显著性意义(t=11.73 P<0.001)。术后早期均形成弥散的滤过泡。术后3个月随访中,17只眼有16只眼有功能性滤过泡;术后6个月随访中16只眼有14只眼有功能性滤过泡。术后前房反应轻,无其它并发症。结论:小梁切除联合羊膜移植术是治疗难治性青光眼的一种安全、有效方法。眼科学报2003;19:89-91。     

睫状体平坦部青光眼阀植入联合玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的:评估平坦部青光眼阀植入联合玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝术治疗继发性闭角型新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的临床效果。方法:对2007-05/2008-08在我科治疗的连续伴玻璃体积血的继发性闭角型NVG患者14例16眼行玻璃体切除视网膜光凝联合平坦部青光眼阀植入术并随访观察。结果:术后追踪随访3～13(平均7.3)mo。16只术眼中,除3眼外视力均不同程度提高。经秩和检验术前和术后两组相差显著。眼压由术前用降压药后的38～67(平均48.5±9.3)mmHg降至15.6～25.3(平均16.5±6.9)mmHg,两组相差有统计学意义。4眼出现术后并发症。其中2眼角膜水肿、前房炎症。1眼脉络膜脱离。经药物对症治疗后缓解。1眼出现医源性白内障。结论:玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝联合平坦部青光眼阀植入术是有效和安全的。特别是对于伴浅前房的NVG患者是一种新的治疗选择。     

A prospective, comparative study between endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and the Ahmed drainage implant in refractory glaucoma

PURPOSE: To compare endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) and the Ahmed drainage implant in the treatment of refractory glaucoma. METHODS: Sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients with refractory glaucoma were prospectively assigned to either ECP or Ahmed tube shunt implantation. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Eyes that were included were pseudophakic with a history of at least one trabeculectomy with antimetabolite, an intraocular pressure (IOP) equal to or above 35 mm Hg on maximum tolerated medical therapy, and a visual acuity better than light perception. Exclusion criteria included eyes that had had previous glaucoma drainage device implantation or a cyclodestructive procedure. Success was defined as an IOP more than 6 mm Hg and less than 21 mm Hg, with or without topical anti-hypertensive therapy. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 19.82 +/- 8.35 months and 21.29 +/- 6.42 months, for the Ahmed and ECP groups, respectively (P = 0.4). The preoperative IOP, 41.32 +/- 3.03 mm Hg (Ahmed) and 41.61 +/- 3.42 mm Hg (ECP) (P = 0.5), and the mean postoperative IOP, at 24 months follow-up, 14.73 +/- 6.44 mm Hg (Ahmed) and 14.07 +/- 7.21 mm Hg (ECP) (P = 0.7), were significantly different from baseline in both groups (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed a probability of success at 24 months of 70.59% and 73.53% for the Ahmed and ECP groups, respectively (P = 0.7). Complications included choroidal detachment (Ahmed 17.64%, ECP 2.94%), shallow anterior chamber (Ahmed 17.64%, ECP 0.0%), and hyphema (Ahmed 14.7%, ECP 17.64%). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the success rate between the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve and ECP in refractory glaucoma. The eyes that underwent Ahmed tube shunt implantation had more complications than those treated with ECP.     

Ahmed引流阀植入联合玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab治疗NVG

目的：观察Ahmed引流阀植入联合玻璃体腔注射bevacizumab(贝伐珠单抗)治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的疗效。

方法：对22例22眼新生血管性青光眼患者先进行玻璃体腔注射bevacizumab 0.1mL(2.5mg),待虹膜新生血管消退后行Ahmed青光眼阀门植入术。术后观察视力、眼压、虹膜新生血管消退情况、术中及术后并发症,随访6～36(平均24)mo。

结果：玻璃体腔注药后1wk内22眼虹膜新生血管均有不同程度消退,Ahmed引流阀植入术后随访22眼中仅有3眼联合使用1～3种抗青光眼药物,眼压控制在21mmHg之内,1眼因眼压失控而行睫状体光凝术(810激光),其余18眼均无需加用抗青光眼药物眼压控制在正常范围内,最后一次随访,平均眼压15.59±3.21mmHg,与术前平均眼压(45.36±8.13mmHg)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。视力提高者9眼(41%),保持术前视力者13眼。全部病例在玻璃体腔注射bevacizumab及Ahmed引流阀植入术中术后均未观察到严重手术并发症。

结论：Ahmed引流阀植入联合玻璃体腔注射bevacizumab治疗NVG安全有效,手术成功率高,并发症少,有利于保护残留视功能。     

Ahmed阀门在青光眼手术中的疗效分析

目的：评价Ahmed青光眼阀门在多种类型青光眼中的治疗效果。方法：对研究期间住院94例102眼青光眼患者予Ahmed青光眼阀门植入术,新生血管性青光眼患者术后1～2wk予全视网膜光凝。术后随访6mo以上,了解各期眼压、视力情况。结果：平均眼压从术前48.52±6.42mmHg降到术后6mo11.20±3.34mmHg。术后各时期平均眼压均低于21mmHg,与术前相比差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。102眼手术完全成功者96眼,基本成功者2眼,总有效率为96.1%。术后并发症包括短暂性前房出血、早期低眼压、浅前房等。结论：尽管Ahmed阀门植入存在一些并发症,但是对于青光眼是一种新的有效治疗方法。