风湿性心脏病患者行瓣膜置换术的体外循环管理体会

目的回顾性总结风湿性心脏病患者行瓣膜置换术的体外循环(cardiopulmonarybypass,CPB)经验。方法选取102例行瓣膜置换术的风湿性心脏病患者,其中男性47例,女性55例,年龄24～71岁。其中59例行二尖瓣置换术,12例行主动脉瓣置换术,31例行主动脉瓣和二尖瓣联合置换术。全部患者采用膜肺,中度低温CPB;预充白蛋白或新鲜冰冻血浆和人工胶体,必要时术中追加;心肌保护应用10℃～15℃4:1(血:晶体)高钾停搏液灌注;CPB中维持灌注流量50～100ml/kg和平均动脉压(MAP)50～90mmHg;开放前应用利多卡因、硫酸镁和碳酸氢钠;后并行期应用超滤、红细胞悬液、速尿等提高HCT;注意纠正低钾、高钾、低钠和酸血症。结果 CPB时间为69～254min(165.7±68.0),升主动脉阻断时间为36～168min(99.5±54.9),自动复跳率为84.4%(86/102),电击复跳率为15.6%(16/102)。全部患者均脱机,无手术死亡。结论在风湿性心脏病患者行瓣膜置换术的体外循环管理中,提高胶体渗透压、注意心肌保护、调节血球压积、纠正酸碱电解质紊乱等是保证体外循环成功的重要因素。     

右胸小切口二尖瓣置换术36例临床分析

目的探讨右胸小切口二尖瓣置换术的手术效果.方法对36例二尖瓣病变病人实施右胸小切口二尖瓣置换术.结果全组病例无死亡.右胸切口7～10cm,平均(8.2±1.2)cm;体外循环转流50～95min,平均(60.4±10.5)min,主动脉阻断25～70min,平均(38±10.2)min;胸液引流量60～650ml,平均(203±101)ml.全组病人均康复出院.结论右胸小切口二尖瓣置换术手术效果好,美观而且恢复快.     

体外循环下手术治疗35例重症心瓣膜病患者资料的回顾性分析

目的探讨并总结体外循环下行重症心瓣膜病外科手术中体外循环的管理方法。方法回顾性分析35例心瓣膜置换术患者的临床资料,体外循环下行二尖瓣置换术10例,主动脉瓣置换术7例,二尖瓣并主动脉瓣置换术7例,二尖瓣置换术合并冠状动脉旁路移植术5例,主动脉瓣置换术合并冠状动脉旁路移植术4例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣置换术合并冠状动脉旁路移植术2例;流转期间灌注压维持60⁷0 mm Hg,中心静脉压070 mm Hg,中心静脉压0⁵ cm H2O,对合并冠状动脉旁路移植术患者采用顺灌+逆灌相结合的灌注方法,所有患者均采用超滤技术,记录患者体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间及心脏复跳比例及手术结局。结果体外循环时间为(189.5±44.8)min;升主动脉阻断时间为(115.4±28.5)min;心脏自动复跳率为88.6%,除颤复跳率为11.4%;体外循环中患者均成功脱机;术后2例(5.7%)死于合并肾衰竭、多器官功能障碍综合征。结论选择合适的灌注方法、进行心肌和肾脏保护、适时采用超滤技术、准确掌握脱机指征是确保手术成功的重要环节。     

右胸小切口微创主动脉瓣置换术的手术配合

目的 总结本院右胸小切口直视微创下实施主动脉瓣置换术的手术配合要点,为临床提供参考。 方法 选择2012年7月—2015年11月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心外科收治的主动脉瓣患者36例,其中主动脉瓣关闭不全患者24例,主动脉瓣狭窄患者12例,男性23例,女性13例,平均年龄(45±11)岁,术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅱ级33例,术前心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ级3例。所有患者均拟于双腔支气管插管全身麻醉下择期行右胸小切口直视微创下主动脉瓣置换术,术中行体外循环。手术室护士做好患者术前宣教,术前物品及器械准备,术中积极配合手术,完善手术室护理流程。观察患者术中生命体征,记录手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、住院时间,观察并记录患者预后及术后相关并发症。 结果 所有36例手术均顺利完成,患者术中生命体征平稳,手术时间为(232±33) min,体外循环时间平均为(120±25) min,主动脉阻断时间平均为(91±29) min,无术后并发症发生,患者均痊愈出院,住院时间平均为(11±5) d。 结论 右胸小切口直视微创下实施主动脉瓣置换术,创伤小、恢复快,近期手术效果良好。手术室护士术前对患者行健康指导,做好手术所需药品、设备、器械和耗材准备,术中积极主动配合手术,严格遵守操作原则及流程,是手术成功的关键。      

心脏瓣膜置换术的麻醉处理

我院自1978年11月至1979年11月为13例心脏瓣膜病患者施行了人工瓣膜置换术。现将麻醉处理小结如下:一般临床资材本组13例中男8例,女5例。年龄17～32岁。体重36～56公斤。患风湿性心脏病—二尖瓣闭锁不全+狭窄10例;风湿性心脏病—主动脉瓣闭锁不全2例;先天性心脏病—主动脉瓣狭窄1例。术前心功能Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级1例。心胸比率为51～69%。施行二尖瓣置换术10例,主动脉瓣置换术3例。循环时间75～121分,平均106分,阻断主动脉时间59～92分,平均75分。1例术后第四天死于心低排综合征及心功能衰竭。     

心脏瓣膜置换术后合并毛霉菌败血症一例报告

心脏瓣膜置换术后霉菌感染日渐增多,但毛霉菌所致者仍属少见。本院做瓣膜置换40例,术后合并毛霉菌败血症一例,报道如下。女性,29岁,风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全、三尖瓣关闭不全。1984年3月27日行猪主动脉瓣二尖瓣置换术及三尖瓣成形术。手术经过顺利。术后预防性使用青霉素,氯霉素及链霉     

胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的临床研究

目的总结经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的临床经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选取经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的9例瓣膜性心脏病患者为微创组;选择同期经胸骨正中切口进行相应手术的9例患者为传统组。比较两组患者的临床资料,评价经胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的安全性和疗效。结果微创组9例患者手术全部成功,其中主动脉瓣置换术7例(2例使用生物瓣),二尖瓣置换术1例,二尖瓣置换+三尖瓣成形+主动脉瓣环扩大+主动脉瓣置换术1例,植入主动脉瓣膜型号19～25 mm,无1例延长手术切口。术后无死亡患者,无出血及胸部切口愈合不良,术后出现右侧胸腔积气和右侧胸腔积液各1例,均经胸腔引流后治愈出院。与传统组相比,微创组手术时间、体外循环(CPB)时间和主动脉阻断(ACC)时间稍延长(P 0. 05),但并不延长术后呼吸机辅助时间和ICU入住时间(P 0. 05),且术后引流量和总输血量减少(P 0. 05),皮肤切口长度及术后住院时间缩短(P 0. 05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。微创组患者术后随访1～13个月,心脏彩超提示人工瓣膜未见明显异常,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级。结论经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术可以取得与经胸骨正中切口同样的效果,但创伤更小,失血和输血更少,术后恢复更快。     

横断升主动脉行二尖瓣与主动脉瓣联合手术

目的　总结横断升主动脉行二尖瓣与主动脉瓣联合手术的临床经验 ,从临床角度证实该手术径路的可行性及优越性。方法　对 15例二尖瓣与主动脉瓣联合手术的患者使用横断升主动脉的显露途径。于主动脉瓣环上方1.5cm处横断升主动脉 ,将升主动脉近端向前下方牵引后 ,显露并切开左心房顶部 ,自上腔静脉左侧缘到左心耳根部。经牵引后 ,显露二尖瓣。切除病变瓣膜并行二尖瓣置换 ,或直接施行成形术。关闭左心房顶部切口 ,将升主动脉近端向切口表面牵引 ,切除病变的主动脉瓣叶 ,置入人造主动脉瓣 ,关闭主动脉切口。术中对体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间和左心房顶切口长度进行测定。结果　 15例患者主动脉瓣及二尖瓣均有良好的显露效果 ,手术顺利 ,无并发症发生。体外循环时间为 (12 1± 3 8)min ,主动脉阻断时间为 (83± 19)min ,左心房顶切口长度为 (5 2± 2 2 )cm。结论　横断升主动脉行二尖瓣与主动脉瓣联合手术是一种理想的手术途径     

第一医院开展主动脉瓣及双瓣膜置换术

人工心脏辨膜置换术治疗风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病,近年来有较大的发展。第一医院体外循环协作组,在开展二尖瓣置换术取得一定经验的基础上,今年二月份以来开展了主动脉瓣膜置换术2例,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术4例,手术均取得成功,手术后     

局限性低位部分胸骨劈开心内直视手术的解剖学基础与临床应用研究

目的 :探索美观、损伤小的局限性低位部分胸骨劈开小切口开胸技术在心内直视手术中的解剖学基础和临床应用价值。方法 :应用局限性低位部分胸骨劈开小切口行心内直视手术 14例 ,观测皮肤切口、胸骨纵切口、显露主动脉、肺动脉、右心及左心范围。病种包括 :房间隔缺损 (ASD) 5例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 4例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 2例、肺动脉狭窄 (PS) 1例、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全 2例。其中房缺 (ASD) 5例、室缺 (VSD) 3例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 1例、肺动脉狭窄 (PS) 1例均在浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视下完成手术 ,室缺 (VSD) 1例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 1例、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术 2例则在低温心脏停跳下顺利完成手术。结果 :全组无手术死亡 ,均顺利地完成了手术治疗 ,术中及术后均无合并症发生 ,术后无明显疼痛。皮肤切口长度 9.5± 3.5cm ,胸骨纵切口长度 10 .8± 3.6cm ,皮肤切口 /胸骨长度系数为 0 .72± 0 .15 ,显露主动脉 2 .7± 0 .7cm ,显露肺动脉 1.3±0 .5cm。术中心脏停跳者心肌阻断 8～ 72min ,平均 2 3.6min ,体外循环时间 2 7～ 10 8min ,平均 4 8.5min。术后胸液引流量 6 0～ 35 0ml,平均 14 0± 5 0ml,术后住院 6～ 14d ,平均 8.5d。全组切口均甲级愈合 ,无胸骨畸形 ,胸锁关     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.