右美托咪定联合腰丛-坐股神经阻滞在老年患者胫骨骨折手术中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪啶联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于老年患者胫骨骨折手术中的有效性和安全性。方法:择期行单侧胫骨手术的老年患者60例,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,年龄65~80岁,随机分为两组(n=30):右美托咪啶组(D组)和咪唑安定组(M组)。D组静脉注射右美托咪啶负荷量0.5μg/kg,注射时间为10 min,然后以0.2μg/(kg·h)维持。手术结束前10 min停药,M组单次静脉注入咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg,两组用药15 min后开始腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞.观察记录入室(T0)、腰丛穿刺前(T1)、切皮(T2)、骨折复位(T3)、手术结束(T4)时患者HR、RR、MAP及SpO2,不良反应发生率、术中镇静评分。结果:与M组比,D组T1~T2时MAP明显降低、T1时HR明显减慢(P<0.05);M组在T1、T3时RR比D组明显变慢(P<0.05)。两组OAA/S评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);D组使用芬太尼明显低于M组。D组发生低血压4例,M组发生呼吸抑制7例,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量的右美托咪定用于老人腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞下胫骨骨折手术,可以提供良好的镇静,无明显的呼吸抑制,减少镇痛药的用量。     

右美托咪定对开颅手术患者术中血流动力学的影响

目的:评估持续输注右美托咪定对开颅手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法:40例择期行开颅手术患者,ASAⅠ^Ⅱ级,将患者随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射负荷剂量右美托咪定1μg/kg;C组静脉注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,10 min内输完。术中D组持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h),C组则输入等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。手术结束时,两组均停药。记录给药前(T0)、给药后10 min(T1)、插管时(T2)、切皮时(T3)、苏醒时(T4)、拔管时(T5)、出手术室(T6)HR、SBP和DBP;记录术中丙泊酚用量、苏醒期患者呼吸恢复睁眼时间和拔管时间、术后Ramsay镇静评分。结果:与C组比较,T1-T6时D组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05);T1Ⅱ级,将患者随机分为两组:右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉注射负荷剂量右美托咪定1μg/kg;C组静脉注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,10 min内输完。术中D组持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.4μg/(kg·h),C组则输入等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。手术结束时,两组均停药。记录给药前(T0)、给药后10 min(T1)、插管时(T2)、切皮时(T3)、苏醒时(T4)、拔管时(T5)、出手术室(T6)HR、SBP和DBP;记录术中丙泊酚用量、苏醒期患者呼吸恢复睁眼时间和拔管时间、术后Ramsay镇静评分。结果:与C组比较,T1-T6时D组HR明显减慢,SBP、DBP明显降低(P<0.05);T1^T5时C组SBP、DBP明显高于T0时(P<0.05)。术中D组丙泊酚用量明显低于C组(P<0.05),术后Ramsay镇静评分D组明显高于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者的苏醒期睁眼时间和拔管时间无明显差异。结论:术中持续静脉输注右美托咪可有效维持开颅手术患者血流动力学稳定,减少麻醉药用量,且不延长拔管时间。     

右美托咪定在局部麻醉乳突根治术中的临床应用

目的:研究右美托咪定辅助局麻在乳突根治术中的镇静效果。方法:选择80例欲行乳突根治术的患者,随机分为对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组),每组各40例,D组给予右美托咪定0.5μg/kg负荷量10min输注完毕,继以0.5μg/(kg·h)泵注维持至术毕,C组给予等容量生理盐水。观察并记录两组患者给药前(T0)、给药10min时(T1)、给药60min(T2)和术毕时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SPO2)和OAA/S评分,观察有无呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生。结果:与C组相比,D组患者HR、MAP、OAA/S评分在T1-T3时点明显低于C组患者,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者给药前后SPO2比较,差异均无显著性。结论:右美托咪定辅助局部麻醉下乳突根治术镇静效果良好,无呼吸抑制,血流动力学稳定,故可用于局部麻醉下乳突根治术患者的术中镇静。     

右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉的影响

目的:评价右美托咪定对宫颈锥切术麻醉效果的影响。方法:择期手术患者60例,随机分为2组(n=30):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。D组静脉输注右美托咪定1.0μg/kg(200μg加0.9%氯化钠溶液至50 mL,4μg/mL)。C组输注同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液。两组均给予芬太尼1μg/kg,丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg麻醉,待睫毛反射消失后行手术。记录患者入室时(T0)、右美托咪定输注5 min(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)、自主睁眼时(T4)、自主睁眼后10 min(T5)HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2;手术时间;丙泊酚使用量;术后自主睁眼时间;自主睁眼后10 min Ramsay评分和手术部位疼痛情况;每组使用麻黄碱及阿托品的例数和总量;麻醉满意度评分。结果:D组丙泊酚用量、自主睁眼时间、伤口疼痛评分小于C组;阿托品使用例数和总量、Ramsay评分、麻醉满意度评价大于C组(P<0.05)。D组除在T1时HR、SBP低于C组(P<0.05)外,其余各时刻两组HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于LEEP时可减少丙泊酚用量、缩短术后苏醒时间、减轻患者创面疼痛程度,但应注意其对心率的影响。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对鼻窦手术患者应激反应和苏醒质量的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量右美托咪定复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵注对功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术(FESS)患者围手术期的血流动力学、应激反应及苏醒质量的影响.方法 选择行择期FESS患者80例,随机分为4组(n=20):生理盐水组(C组)、右美托咪定0.3μg/(kg·h)组(D1组)、右美托咪定0.5μg/(kg·h)组(D2组)、右美托咪定0.7μg/(kg·h)组(D3组).D1、D2、D3组分别在麻醉诱导前10 min静脉输注负荷量右美托咪定0.6μg/kg(以生理盐水稀释成4μg/mL,10 min完成),术中给予维持剂量右美托咪定分别为0.3μg/(kg·h)、0.5μg/(kg·h)及0.7μg/(kg·h)至手术结束前10 min,C组以同样方式静脉输注生理盐水.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、气管插管后1 min(T1)、手术开始(T2)、拔管前(T3)、拔管后10 min(T4)各时点的HR、MAP.检测术中T0、T1、T4时点血浆皮质醇(COR)、肾上腺素(ADR)水平.观察并记录患者呼叫睁眼时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间以及术后发生心动过缓、高血压等不良反应情况,并进行镇静-躁动SAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分.结果(1)与T0比较,T1、T2时C组HR、MAP明显升高(P<0.05).D1、D2、D3组HR、MAP明显低于C组(P<0.05).T4时C组HR、MAP较T0时明显升高(P<0.05),D1、D2、D3组均低于C组(P<0.05),D3组HR低于D1、D2组(P<0.05).(2)T1、T4时,C组COR、ADR较T0时明显升高(P<0.05),且D1、D2和D3组COR、ADR低于C组(P<0.05),T4时点,C和D1组COR浓度高于D2组和D3组(P<0.05).(3)D1、D2、D3组患者呼叫睁眼、自主呼吸恢复及拔管时间与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在T4时点,C组SAS评分明显高于D1、D2、D3组(P<0.05).D1、D2、D3组患者Ramsay镇静评分显著高于C组(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪定复合丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼持续输注用于FESS,患者围手术期的血流动力学更稳定,能降低围术期的应激反应,提高麻醉苏醒质量, 0.5 μg/( kg· h)右美托咪定是FESS患者较合适的临床应用剂量.     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响。方法将60例拟行腰硬联合麻醉的高血压病患者分为对照组、右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组,每组20例。记录麻醉前(T0)、腰硬联合麻醉开始后(T1)及用药后5(T2)、15(T3)、30(T4)、60 min(T5)时警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分及收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸率(RR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)。结果 T0、T1时3组OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组各时点OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T2～T5时右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组OAA/S评分显著低于T0时(P<0.05),右美托咪定组T3～T5时及丙泊酚组T2～T5时OAA/S评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3组患者T0和T1时SBP、DBP、HR、RR及SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丙泊酚组T3～T5时SBP和HR及T4～T5时DBP和RR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组T3～T5时HR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。丙泊酚组T5时HR及T4～T5时RR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),T4～T5时丙泊酚组SBP显著低于对照组和右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。结论高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉期间应用右美托咪定可获得满意的镇静效果,并能保持血流动力学平稳。     

盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼清醒镇静对区域阻滞手术中呼吸功能的影响

目的:本研究拟通过右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼清醒镇静应用于区域,阻滞手术中,观察其对呼吸功能的影响,评价其安全性。方法:选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期拟在区域麻醉下行骨科手术的患者,随机分为两组瑞芬太尼联合力月西M组(20例)、瑞太尼联合右美托咪定D组(20例),患者区域麻醉,麻醉效果出现后,M组:给予力月西0.05～0.1 mg/kg,瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/(kg·min)连续输注,D组:给予右美托咪定0.8μg/kg负荷剂量10 min内输入,后以0.3～0.6μg/(kg·h)的输注速度持续静脉注射,瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/kg·min连续输注,输注过程中调整输注速度使患者OAA/S评分达3分;分别记录输注药物前(T1)、输注药物后10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)、30 min(T4)、停止输注时(T5)时点的SpO2、RR和呼吸抑制的发生率,药物停止输注后观察直至OAA/S评分为5分后送回病房。结果:两组患者的SpO2在各时点组间、组内比较无统计学差别(P>0.05),两组患者的呼吸频率从T2时点较T1开始降低,但只有在M组中的RR的T2、T3时点较T1有显著意义的降低(P<0.05)。结论:在区域麻醉下行骨科手术过程中,应用右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼具有良好的清醒镇静作用,呼吸功能比较稳定。     

不同剂量右美托咪定在宫腔镜手术中的麻醉效果比较

目的：研究不同剂量右美托咪定在宫腔镜手术中的麻醉效果。方法：选取接受宫腔镜手术的96例患者纳入研究,以随机数字表法将其等分成1μg/kg右美托咪定组、2μg/kg右美托咪定组以及对照组,每组各32例。对照组实施丙泊酚1～2 mg/kg麻醉,1μg/kg右美托咪定组则予以1μg/kg右美托咪定麻醉,2μg/kg右美托咪定组予以2μg/kg右美托咪定麻醉。比较三组不同时间点[给药前(T1),手术开始时(T2),手术开始5 min(T3),术毕即刻(T4),术后10 min(T5)]血流动力学、应激反应指标水平变化情况,苏醒时间、离开PACU时间以及丙泊酚用量,不良事件发生情况。结果：1μg/kg右美托咪定组、2μg/kg右美托咪定组T3及T4时的MAP水平均高于对照组;1μg/kg右美托咪定组、2μg/kg右美托咪定组T2、T3及T4时的HR水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);三组各时间点的SpO₂水平比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。1μg/kg右美托咪定组、2μg/kg右美托咪定组苏醒时间、离开PACU时间均长于对照组,且2μ...     

不同剂量右美托咪定对儿童口腔日间手术全麻苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察不同剂量的右美托咪定用于全麻下儿童口腔日间手术苏醒期躁动治疗的效果。方法 将75例于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院在全麻下行龋齿治疗的日间病房患儿随机分为3组,对照组（C组）,低剂量右美托咪定组（D1组）和高剂量右美托咪定组（D2组）,每组25例。所有组静脉给予2μg/kg芬太尼,2 mg/kg丙泊酚,0.7 mg/kg罗库溴铵。行气管插管后术中以七氟醚1.0～2.0 MAC,丙泊酚4～6 mg/（kg·h）维持麻醉状态。手术开始前5 min,静脉追加注射2μg/kg芬太尼,术中以不同剂量的右美托咪定维持。C组不使用右美托咪定;D1组右美托咪定以0.3μg/（kg·h）维持,D2组右美托咪定以0.6μg/（kg·h）维持。记录患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间和苏醒期间的儿童麻醉苏醒谵妄评分（PAEDs）,以及入手术室、术后15 min、术后30 min患儿镇静-躁动评分（SAS）。记录各组患儿在诱导前(T0)、右美托咪定注射30 min(T1)、拔除气管导管后(T2)、清醒时(T3)的血流动力学指标、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的变化。结果 3组患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间...     

右美托咪啶对靶控输注丙泊酚镇静时量效关系的影响

目的 探讨丙泊酚镇静时应用右美托咪啶对不同镇静水平所需丙泊酚效应室浓度的影响.方法 普外科需接受全身麻醉择期手术120例.男48例,女72例;年龄20～50岁;体质量41 ～ 68 kg;ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.将患者随机分为3组:丙泊酚组(P组)、右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg+丙泊酚组(D0.5P组)和右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg+丙泊酚组(D1.0P组),每组40例.D0.5P和D1.0P组分别用微量泵输注右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg和1.0μg/kg,泵注持续时间为10 min,P组则以相同的时间泵注生理盐水,将3组内患者随机分为5个亚组,每亚组8例,在输注右美托咪啶或生理盐水结束后5 min,效应室靶控丙泊酚,血浆效应室浓度分别设定为0、1、2、3和4 mg/L,3min后记录患者OAA/S评分.结果 3组间性别比、年龄和体质量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).OAA/S评分为3时,D0.5P和D1.0P组丙泊酚EC50为1.3 mg/L和0.7 mg/L,小于P组EC50 2.5 mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.0167),OAA/S评分为2即意识消失时,D0.5P和D1.0P组丙泊酚EC50为2.0 mg/L和1.3 mg/L,小于P组EC503.2 mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.0167),当OAA/S评分为1时,P、D0.5P和D1.0P组丙泊酚EC50分别为3.8、2.9和2.2 mg/L,D1.0P组EC50小于P组,差异具有统计学意义(P ＜0.0167).结论 静脉注射右美托咪啶0.5μ g/kg和1.0μg/kg能降低不同镇静水平所需的丙泊酚效应室浓度.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.