不同肌松药预注对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的研究罗库溴铵、维库溴铵、阿曲库铵及自身预注对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间和插管条件的影响。方法将70例择期手术患者随机分成Ⅰ—Ⅴ组各14例,麻醉诱导用咪达唑仑、丙泊酚和芬太尼。Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别预注罗库溴铵0．06mg／kg、维库溴铵0．01mg／kg、阿曲库铵0．05mg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．01mg／kg,Ⅴ组静注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．1mg／kg;3min后Ⅰ-Ⅳ组静注顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0．09mg／kg。观察插管量后的起效时间和气管插管条件。结果I～Ⅳ组的起效时间分别为（5．6±1．3）、（5．8±1．4）、（5．2±1．2）和（6．3±1．1）min,与Ⅴ组相比明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论预注罗库溴铵、维库溴铵、阿曲库铵及自身预注都能缩短顺式阿曲库铵的起效时间,改善插管条件。     

顺式阿曲库铵在肾移植手术中的应用

目的观察不同诱导剂量顺式阿曲库铵在肾移植手术中的肌松效应。方法 30例肾衰末期行肾移植手术的患者随机分成RⅠ组和RⅡ组各15例,麻醉诱导时分别静注2ED95和3ED95顺式阿曲库铵。用加速度仪对前臂尺神经行4个成串刺激（TOF）来评估神经肌肉阻滞程度,并与肾功能正常的NⅠ组和NⅡ组比较。结果 RⅠ组与NⅠ组、RⅡ组与NⅡ组间比较,顺式阿曲库铵起效时间及各肌松恢复参数均稍有延长,但无统计学差异。与RⅠ组和NⅠ组比较,RⅡ组和NⅡ组起效时间明显提前,但各组未发现组胺释放现象。结论肾衰对全麻诱导期间单次静注顺式阿曲库铵的药效学无明显影响,增加诱导剂量可缩短起效时间,顺式阿曲库铵可安全地用于肾移植患者的麻醉。     

预注罗库溴铵、顺式阿曲库铵对顺式阿曲库铵快速诱导气管插管时间的影响

目的观察预注罗库溴铵、顺式阿曲库铵对顺式阿曲库铵快速诱导气管插管时间的影响。方法选取行开腹手术的患者140例,随机分为7组。C0组为对照组,预注生理盐水3 ml。C1、C2、C3组分别预注0.005、0.01、0.015 mg/kg顺式阿曲库铵。R1、R2、R3组分别预注0.03、0.06、0.09 mg/kg罗库溴铵。3min后行常规全麻诱导:C1、R1组用顺式阿曲库铵0.145 mg/kg,C2、R2组用顺式阿曲库铵0.140 mg/kg,C3、R3组用顺式阿曲库铵0.135 mg/kg。术中采用丙泊酚4.0～6.0μg/ml靶控输注、芬太尼0.05～0.1 mg/次间断给药。分别记录各组插管时间。结果与C0组相比,C1、C2、C3、R1、R2、R3组插管时间缩短(P均<0.05)。结论预注顺式阿曲库铵或罗库溴铵可缩短顺式阿曲库铵快速诱导气管插管时间。     

持续泵注与间断静注顺式阿曲库铵的药效学比较

目的比较顺式阿曲库铵持续泵注与间断静注的药效学特点,探讨其最佳给药方式。方法 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,无神经肌肉疾患,拟在全麻下行择期手术的女性患者,随机分成顺式阿曲库铵持续泵注组(Ⅰ组,15例)和间断静注组(Ⅱ组,15例),采用TOF刺激方式,监测拇内收肌的收缩反应。记录2组患者神经肌肉阻滞的维持时间及肌松恢复过程,并记录顺式阿曲库铵的维持用药量。应用静脉麻醉诱导,七氟烷吸入麻醉维持。全部病例在肌松恢复期均未予以拮抗,使其在安静状态下自然恢复。当TOF恢复至T1/Tc≥75%时,结束肌松监测,呼吸恢复满意后拔管。结果Ⅰ组肌松维持用药量为(0.78±0.15)μg/(kg.min),Ⅱ组为(1.09±0.33)μg/(kg.min),P<0.05。2组患者肌松维持时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。停止泵注后Ⅰ组的恢复指数为(13.13±3.36)min,Ⅱ组为(14.38±4.48)min,P>0.05,但Ⅰ组快于Ⅱ组。结论持续输注顺式阿曲库铵可维持恒定的肌松水平且单位时间内较间断静注节省肌松药用量,Ⅰ组停止泵注后恢复指数较Ⅱ组稍快。     

罗库溴铵和顺式阿曲库铵用于全麻诱导的起效时间和插管条件探讨

目的 评价两种不同剂量罗库溴铵和顺式阿曲库铵用于全麻诱导气管插管时的起效时间和插管条件.方法 90例择期行全麻手术患者(ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级)随机分为3组各30例:罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg组(Ⅰ组),罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg组(Ⅱ组)和顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均在5 s内分别静推罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg和顺式阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,记录从推药后(T1)由100％到0的时间(起效时间),当T1为0％时气管插管,评估气管插管条件.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的起效时间分别为(70±16)、(90 ±21)、(226±47)s,两两比较,P均＜0.0l;三组患者的声门暴露评级差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),三组的气管插管条件差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 0.9 mg/kg剂量的罗库溴铵诱导起效时间快于0.6 mg/kg罗库溴铵和0.15 mg/kg的顺式阿曲库铵;当诱导后T1为0％时,三组的声门暴露评级和气管插管条件无明显差异.     

糖尿病患者对静脉复合麻醉下顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的探究患者合并糖尿病行静脉复合麻醉时,顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的情况。方法该研究对象为2015年9月-2016年10月期间67例入院行全麻腹部手术治疗者,所有患者麻醉评分ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,并根据患者是否患有糖尿病分为正常组、疾病组,所有患者麻醉诱导使用依托咪酯、顺式阿曲库铵、舒芬太尼,记录不同组顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、恢复指数TOF90以及恢复指数RI,分析糖尿病对肌松药物肌松效应的影响。结果疾病组肌松效应指标药物起效时间、恢复时间、临床作用时间以及恢复指数用时均长于正常组,疾病组药物起效用时长、作用时间长、肌松恢复用时长(P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者行静脉复合麻醉时,用药顺式阿曲库铵疾病会造成药物起效、作用时间延长,肌松恢复抑制情况。     

顺式阿曲库铵对血流动力学及组胺释放的影响

目的在全麻诱导期间观察单次静注顺式阿曲库铵后的组胺释放作用及其对血流动力学的影响。方法ASAI～Ⅱ级全麻择期手术患者30例,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组（Cis组）和阿曲库铵组（Atr组）,两组分别单次静注Cis0．15mg／kg和Atr0．75mg／kg。麻醉诱导及维持应用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定静注全麻药前、静注全麻药后2min及静注肌松药后2min、5min的血浆组胺浓度。同时记录相应的平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）,观察两组在注入肌松药前后的皮肤变化情况。结果Cis组血浆组胺浓度在静注顺式阿曲库铵后无明显变化,Atr组在静注阿曲库铵后血浆组胺浓度显著升高（P〈0．05）;两组在麻醉诱导后MAP比诱导前有显著降低（P〈0．05）,HR无显著变化;两组皮肤在静注肌松药前后均未发现明显改变。结论作为新型的肌肉松弛药,顺式阿曲库铵可以安全地应用于临床全麻诱导。     

顺式阿曲库铵用于肝硬化患者全凭静脉麻醉的肌松效应

40例ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级接受手术的患者,根据肝功能情况分为两组,实验组为20例肝硬化患者,对照组为20例肝功能正常者。麻醉诱导后静注0．15mg／kg（3ED95）顺式阿曲库铵,用TOFWatchSX加速度仪进行肌松监测。发现两组T1最大阻滞程度均为100％,实验组起效时间延长,其余药效学参数两组无统计学差异。提示3EP95剂量顺式阿曲库铵用于肝硬化患者能提供优良插管条件,但起效时间延长,反复追加无蓄积,恢复迅速。     

丙泊酚联合顺式阿曲库铵用于小儿纤支镜检查的肌松效果观察

目的观察丙泊酚联合顺式阿曲库铵在喉罩通气全麻下用于小儿纤支镜检查的肌松效果。方法回顾性分析2013-01~2014-12住院行纤支镜检查的68例儿科患者的临床资料,根据麻醉用药的不同分为丙泊酚联合顺式阿曲库铵组(A组)36例和丙泊酚联合氯胺酮组(B组)32例,比较两组的麻醉起效时间、阻滞维持时间、临床作用时间、体内作用时间以及肌松恢复指数。结果 A组麻醉起效时间明显比B组短,而A组的阻滞维持时间、临床作用时间、体内作用时间和肌松恢复指数均比B组高,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。结论丙泊酚联合顺式阿曲库铵应用于喉罩通气全麻下小儿纤支镜检查能取得比丙泊酚联合氯胺酮更好的肌松效果,值得推广。     

老年人顺式阿曲库铵预注法给药的合理剂量

顺式阿曲库铵是一种新型中时效非去极化肌松药,是阿曲库铵的10种同分异构体之一,它具有作用强,恢复较快,无蓄积作用,不释放组胺,对循环系统影响小,代谢不依赖肝肾功能等优点,是目前较理想的肌松药.但其不足之处是起效速度较慢.全麻诱导给药后气道保护性反射减弱至获得理想插管条件之间的这段时间是麻醉危险期,病人可能发生反流、误吸等并发症.本研究旨在通过比较不同的预注剂量对老年人顺式阿曲库铵起效速度的影响,最终确定一个比较合理的预注剂量从而为临床更合理使用顺式阿曲库铵提供依据 .     

浙江地区汉族人线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变与老年2型糖尿病

目的 探讨线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变与老年2型糖尿病的关系. 方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)产物直接测序法对340例无血缘关系的2型糖尿病患者(其中老年糖尿病组90例,非老年糖尿病组250例)和265例健康对照者(老年健康对照组130例,非老年健康对照组135例)的血细胞线粒体DNA进行突变位点检测,并用DNASTAR和Antheprot 5.0软件分析突变位点. 结果 老年糖尿病组、老年健康对照组和非老年糖尿病组分别检出5例、1例和2例T3394C突变.T3394C突变在老年糖尿病组和老年健康对照组之间分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在老年糖尿病组和非老年糖尿病组之间分布差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).蛋白质结构预测显示T3394C突变引起ND1蛋白二级结构改变. 结论 线粒体DNA ND1基因T3394C突变可能与老年2型糖尿病的发生有关.     

A prospective randomized comparison of train-of-four monitoring and clinical assessment during continuous ICU cisatracurium paralysis

STUDY PURPOSE: Train-of-four (TOF) monitoring is often recommended during the continuous use of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) [paralysis] in the ICU. Prior study results are conflicting regarding the benefits of TOF monitoring. DESIGN: Thirty patients in the medical ICU were randomized to TOF monitoring (n = 16) or to clinical assessment (n = 14) during continuous cisatracurium infusion. TOF monitoring was done at least every 4 h, with the goal being maintenance of one to two twitches. Statistical analysis was performed by two-tailed, unpaired t test (with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons), chi(2), and Fisher exact test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Given a power of 80%, and the variance seen in the two groups, we estimate that the sample size used is sufficient to detect a change of > or = 60 min between groups for recovery time. RESULTS: The mean recovery time after cessation of paralytics was no different between TOF and clinical assessment (45 +/- 7 min vs 38 +/- 10 min, respectively [mean +/- SEM]). No differences were noted for mean APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II entry scores, glomerular filtration rates, or use of corticosteroids. No significant differences were noted between TOF monitoring and clinical assessment in mean total paralysis time (4,118 +/- 1,012 min vs 3,188 +/- 705 min, respectively), mean total cisatracurium dose (920 +/- 325 mg vs 715 +/- 167 mg), or dosage (2.3 +/- 0.2 microg/kg/min vs 2.9 +/- 0.2 microg/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS: TOF monitoring does not lead to improved recovery time or lower cisatracurium dosing compared with monitoring by clinical assessment. We conclude that TOF monitoring is unnecessary, and careful titration of the neuromuscular blocking agent by clinical assessment alone is sufficient in patients undergoing continuous cisatracurium NMB.     

Clinical assessment of microscopic polyangiitis in elderly patients]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the age at disease onset on the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, treatment, and complications of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). PATIENTS: From 1999 to 2001, we encountered 4 MPA patients with disease onset at age 65 or older (average 77.3, all were female: the elderly group). For comparison, 4 MPA patients with disease onset a 64 years or younger (average 44.7, two were male: the non-elderly group) were used. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical features between the two groups. All patients in the elderly group were referred to our hospital, because of fever of unknown origin or suspicion of connective tissue disease. The elderly group had a longer duration from the first admission to the start of treatment. Renal biopsies were done in all of the non-elderly group and one of the elderly group. The diagnosis of the other 3 patients of the elderly group was based on muscle or nerve biopsy, showing necrotizing vasculitis. At the time of diagnosis, antibodies to myeloperoidase (MPO-ANCA) were positive in 7 of 8 patients (87.5%). 2 patients of the non-elderly group were died of heart failure and hepatic failure by cyclophosphamide (CYC). The other 6 patients achieved substantial improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle or nerve biopsy helped clinical management of elderly patients when renal biopsies could not be done. IVCY was relatively safe and effective treatment for MPA in elderly as well as non-elderly patients.     

Clinical analysis of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in a community hospital--comparison of elderly and non-elderly patients

A comparative study of 890 patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in a community hospital was performed. The patients were divided into an elderly patient group and a non-elderly patient group. The elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia exhibited frequent atypical symptoms such as dyspnea, consciousness disturbance and complication of shock, and also were frequently in a poor nutritional condition. The causative microorganism was isolated in 40.8% of the elderly patients and in 44.0% of the non-elderly patients. Polymicrobial agents were detected frequently in the elderly patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae (19.4%), MSSA (16.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.1%) and Haemophilus influenzae (15.0%) were frequently isolated from the sputum of the elderly patients, while Mycoplasma pneumoniae (25.2%), H. influenzae (15.0%), S. pneumoniae (12.2%) and MSSA (10.2%) were frequently isolated from that of the non-elderly patients. Regarding treatment with antibiotics, therapy with a single antibiotic therapy, such as cephem or carbapenem was carried out for the elderly patients, while new quinolone or tetracycline was administered to the non-elderly patients. Although the treatment with antibiotics was adequate according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society, the prognosis was poor; i.e.) in the elderly patients an efficacy rate of 74.3% and a mortality rate of 9.5%. In the non-elderly patients, the prognosis was good; i.e.) an efficacy rate of 88.0% and a mortality rate of 1.7%. These results suggest that the most important factors affecting the prognosis were the general condition of elderly patients and delay in an adequate diagnosis and treatment because of atypical clinical findings.     

上海地区老年溃疡性结肠炎患者临床特点的初步探讨

目的 探讨上海地区老年溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者与非老年患者临床特点之间的差异,为提高对老年UC患者的诊治水平提供经验.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院1998年至2009年214例UC患者的临床资料及内镜学资料,通过自设量表建立数据库,以发病年龄≥60岁作为分组标准,分为老年组28例和非老年组186例.计数资料组间比较采用卡方检验,计量资料采用t检验、方差分析或非参数检验,采用Logistic回归分析进行危险因素分析.结果 上海地区UC发病年龄高峰为40～49岁,老年患者占13.08%.两组患者在主要临床表现、合并症、临床评分、内镜评分方面差异无统计学意义.老年患者在活动期外周血血小板计数增高者(75%)较非老年组(29%)为多(F=4.4,P=0.043),但增高幅度不如非老年患者明显(Z=-2.6,P=0.008).老年患者结肠病变范围较局限,以累及脾曲以下者多见(F=5.8,P=0.012).中重度老年患者采用糖皮质激素治疗者(28.6%)较非老年患者(55.7%)少见(F=7.7,P=0.007).两组死亡率分别为20.83%和2.94%.老年患者因UC死亡率显著增高(F=12.8,P=0.008).结论 老年UC患者与非老年患者相比,在实验室检查、结肠累及范围、治疗用药、预后等方面均体现出一定差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics between elderly and non-elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Shanghai, so as to improve the diagnosis and management of the disease. Methods The clinical and endoscopic data from 214 patients with UC,who were admitted to Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between 1998 and 2009,were retrospectively analyzed. The database was established and according to onset age,the patients were divided into elderly group (n= 28, ≥60 years of age) and non-elderly group (n = 128, ＜60 years of age), The comparisons between two groups were performed using Chi square test for non-quantitative variables, and student's t test and nonparametric tests for quantitative variables. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factor.Results Onset peak of UC was found in patients ranged from 40 to 49 years of age, and elderly patients were accounted for 13.08 % in Shanghai. There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to clinical manifestation, complications, Truelove and Witts criteria index, or endoscopic score. In active phase, elevated peripheral platelet counts were seen in more elderly patients than those in non-elderly patients (75% vs 29%, F= 4. 4, P= 0. 043). However, high level of peripheral platelet was found in non-elderly patients (Z= -2.6, P=0. 008). Endoscopic examination revealed that the colonic lesion in elderly patients was limited and was more common in left-sided colon and protosigmoid (F=5. 8, P = 0. 012). More non-elderly patients were treated with steroid in comparison to elderly patients with mild or severe UC (28. 6% vs 55.7%, F=7.7,P=0. 007). In addition, the high mortality was found in elderly patients when compared with non-elderly patients (20.8 % vs 2.84%, F= 12. 8, P = 0. 008). Conclusion The differences existed between elderly and non-elderly UC patients with respect to clinical manifestation, lab investigation, involved extent of colon, medication and prognosis.     

老年2型糖尿病患者动态血糖监测分析

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者的动态血糖波动特点.方法 对老年2型糖尿病患者(老年组)92例和中青年2型糖尿病患者(中青年组)58例进行动态血糖监测,对比分析两组患者血糖谱特征及老年不同糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平糖尿病患者的血糖谱特征.结果 (1)老年组与中青年组比较,血糖波动系数(BGFC)增大[(2.68±1.00)mmol/L对(2.12±0.74) mmol/L,t=-3.691,P＜0.001];餐后血糖漂移幅度(PPGE)增大,早餐后分别为 ( 5.96±2.47) mmol/L对(5.11±2.44) mmol/L(t=-2.058,P＜0.05),晚餐后分别为(5.17±2.15) mmol/L对 (4.16±2.28) mmol/L(t=-2.730,P＜0.01);餐后血糖达峰时间延长,早餐后(112.5±29.7) min对(97.0±27.2) min(t=-3.225,P＜0.01),中餐后(140.0±39.7)min对 (118.1±42.6) min(t=-3.195,P＜0.01);低血糖发生频率增加(26.3%对5.5%,P＜0.05);最大血糖漂移幅度(LAGE)增大,分别为(9.66±2.48) mmol/L对(8.40±3.13) mmol/L(t=-2.720,P＜0.01);(2)老年组患者随HbA1c下降,低血糖发生率增加(P＜0.05);随 HbA1c升高,血糖波动幅度增大;(3)HbA1c与空腹血糖(FBG)、日平均血糖(MBG)、高血糖时间比(PT7.8、PT11.1)、最低血糖(LBG)、最高血糖(HBG)、BGFC、PPGE、LAGE均正相关(r=0.899～0.289,均P＜0.001);逐步回归分析显示,MBG、FBG、PT7.8与HbA1c独立相关(校正的R2=0.807,P＜0.05).结论 老年2型糖尿病患者血糖波动幅度大,易发生餐后高血糖和夜间低血糖,动态血糖监测能较详细地显示患者的血糖水平及波动特征.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the blood glucose fluctuation in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The 92 elderly patients with T2DM (the elderly group) and 58 young and middle-aged patients with T2DM (the non-elderly group) were monitored using the continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The characteristics of glucose profiles of the two different age groups, and of the different glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level groups in the elderly were comparatively analyzed. Results (1)There was no significant difference in HbA1c level between the elderly group and the non-elderly group. Compared with the non-elderly group, the elderly group showed the increases in blood glucose fluctuant coefficient [BGFC, (2.68±1.00) mmol/L vs. (2.12±0.74) mmol/L, t=-3.691, P＜0.001], in postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE) of breakfast and supper [(5.96±2.47) mmol/L vs. (5.11±2.44) mmol/L, t=-2.058, P＜0.05; (5.17±2.15) mmol/L vs. (4.16±2.28) mmol/L, t=-2.730, P＜0.01], in the time to postprandial glucose peak of breakfast and lunch [(112.5±29.7) min vs. (97.0±27.2) min, t=-3.225, P＜0.01; (140.0±39.7) min vs. (118.1±42.6) min, t=-3.195, P＜0.01], in the frequency of hypoglycemia (26.3% vs. 5.5%, P＜0.05), and showed the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions [LAGE, (9.66±2.48) mmol/L vs.(8.40±3.13) mmol/L, t=-2.720, P＜0.01]. (2)In the elderly, along with decreased HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycaemia increased (P＜0.05); And along with increased HbA1c, the amplitude of blood glucose fluctuation increased. There were significant differences in BGFC, PPGE of breakfast and lunch, and LAGE among different HbA1c level groups (P＜0.01, P＜0.05, P＜0.05, P＜0.001). (3)HbA1c was positively correlated with FBG, mean blood glucose (MBG), percentage of time at glycemia (PT7.8, PT11.1), the lowest blood glucose (LBG), the highest blood glucose (HBG), BGFC, PPGE and LAGE (r=0.899-0.289, all P＜0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that MBG, FBG and PT7.8 was the independent influential factor of HbA1c (adjusted R2=0.807, P＜0.05). Conclusions The elderly patients with T2DM are at a particularly high risk for postprandial hyperglycemia and nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes, CGMS could show glucose fluctuation characters of T2DM patients diurnally, and provide a clinical basis for reasonable therapy.     

高分辨率超声评价早期2型糖尿病患者足背动脉病变和血管内皮功能

目的 应用高分辨率超声对早期2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者足背动脉形态学、血流动力学及血管内皮功能的改变进行观察. 方法 检测25例老年初发T2DM患者、35例非老年初发T2DM患者及35例老年健康者和30例非老年健康者足背动脉的变化,并进行统计学分析. 结果 (1)反应性充血时,老年T2DM组足背动脉内径变化百分率(10.52±2.79)%较老年对照组(15.43±4.69)%明显减低(P<0.01),非老年T2DM组(12.89±4.68)%较非老年对照组(17.97±4.61)%明显减低(P<0.01),老年T2DM组与非老年T2DM组比较亦有减低(P<0.05);含服硝酸甘油后,老年T2DM组(12.40±3.23)%较老年对照组(16.11±5.74)%明显减低(P<0.01).(2)T2DM组较同龄对照组足背动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)明显增厚(P<0.01),舒张早期反向血流峰值流速(PRV)和舒张末期血流速度(EDV)明显减低(P<0.01),搏动指数(PI)减低(P<0.05);各组间收缩期峰值流速(PSV)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)T2DM组足背动脉PI与反应性充血时和舌下含服硝酸甘油后内径变化百分率呈显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.79和0.71,P<0.01).结论 高分辨率超声检查可及早发现T2DM患者足背动脉形态学、血流动力学改变及血管内皮功能受损情况,可将其作为T2DM大血管并发症的首选检查方法 .     

喉罩全麻在老年动脉瘤介入栓塞术中的应用

目的 探讨喉罩全麻在老年颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术中的临床应用.方法 以2018年1月至2020年1月的60例择期全麻下行颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术的老年患者为研究对象,60例患者随机分为两组.麻醉诱导后,分别置入喉罩或插管进行机械通气,两组给予同样的麻醉方法,诱导后均泵注3μg/(kg·h)瑞芬太尼、3～5mg/(kg·h)丙泊...     

Long-term prognosis after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients

Although it has been well demonstrated that TIMI grade 3 flow is associated with improved survival after acute myocardial infarction in non-elderly patients, its implication in elderly patients has not been clarified. To assess this issue, 1,115 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours after the onset of chest pain were studied: there were 131 elderly patients (age > or = 75 years) and 984 non-elderly patients (age < 75 years). Follow-up was achieved for 1,092 patients (98%). Elderly patients were associated with more female, Killip class > or = 2, 3 vessel disease and non-smokers. Although modality of reperfusion therapy was not different, final TIMI flow grade was less frequently obtained in elderly patients (53% vs 65%, p = 0.005). Elderly patients were associated with higher in-hospital mortality (25% vs 9%, p < 0.001) and lower 10 years cardiac death free rate (p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards model showed that final TIMI flow grade 3 was an independent predictor of 10 years cardiac death free in elderly patients (odds ratio (OR) = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20-0.74, p = 0.004) as well as non-elderly patients (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.29-0.58, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our data suggest that final TIMI grade 3 flow is an important determinant to improve short- and long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients as well as in non-elderly patients.     

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with tuberculosis

The purpose of this report is to elucidate the characteristics of elderly patients with tuberculosis (TB), based on 235 patients hospitalized in our institution from January 1999 to October 2001. The mean age of all patients was 60.8 years old and the male-to-female ratio was 2.1:1. The clinical features were compared between 121 patients aged 65 years old or more (elderly group) and 114 patients younger than 65 years old (non-elderly group). The time lag between onset of the symptoms and the first visit to a doctor was 19 days in the elderly and 49 days in the non-elderly (P < 0.01). Previous therapy, extrapulmonary TB, and underlying diseases were significantly frequent in the elderly (P < 0.05). Cavitation on chest X-ray film was found in 23% of the elderly and in 40% of the non-elderly (P < 0.01). The frequency of positive smear was similar in the two groups. Peripheral blood lymphocyte count, serum total protein, albumin and total cholesterol were lower in the elderly who died during admission than in the living elderly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mortality due to TB between the two groups, although deaths due to non-tuberculous diseases were more frequent in the elderly. Pneumonia and other infectious diseases accounted for 50% of deaths in the elderly. Nutrition and infection other than TB should be taken into consideration in treating elderly patients with TB.