PET-CT显像在直肠癌术后局部复发诊断中的价值

目的评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET—CT定性及半定量显像技术在直肠癌术后局部复发诊断中的临床价值。方法对20例临床可疑直肠癌术后局部复发的患者行全身^18F—FDGPET—CT显像，将显像结果与病理组织学及临床随访结果对比。结果病理组织学及临床随访证实，局部复发15例。采用定性方法诊断直肠癌术后局部复发的灵敏性和特异性分别为100％、60％。采用半定量法显示恶性肿瘤的标准摄取值（SUV，范围为2．7～17．2，平均9．9）明显高于良性病变者（SUV为1．3～4．0，平均2．6），诊断直肠癌术后局部复发的灵敏性和特异性分别为100％、80％。结论全身^18F—FDGPET-CT显像有利于直肠癌术后局部复发的定性及定位诊断；半定量方法较定性法更具有特异性。     

Alzheimer型痴呆的单光子发射型计算机断层扫描脑血流量测定的研究

目的^99Tc^m-双半胱乙酯（^99Tc^m-ECD）单光子发射型计算机断层扫描（single photon emission computed tomography，SPECT）脑血流灌注显像测定Alzheimer型痴呆（dementia of Alzheimer type，DAT）患者脑血流量（CBF）的价值。方法用NINCDS—ADRDA（national institute of neurological and communicative disorders and strokeand the Alzheimer＇s disease and related disorders association）推荐的DAT诊断标准对以健忘为主诉来院检查的患者进行诊断，分为可能的DAT患者组（A组）14例，很有可能的DAT患者组（B组）21例，并设置正常对照组11例，进行^99Tc^m-ECDSPECT脑血流灌注显像，对其平均及局部CBF进行对比分析。结果B组DAT患者平均脑血流较正常对照有明显降低，局部脑血流表现为A组病人双侧顶叶、海马回、单侧颞叶中下回、颞极血流降低区；B组患者双侧额叶、颞叶、顶叶、枕叶血流明显下降。结论^99Tc^m-ECDSPECT脑血流灌注显像测定CBF是一种非侵袭性、简便可靠的方法，对DAT的诊断有一定的临床价值。     

偏头痛急性发作期SPECT脑血流灌注显像的研究

目的观察偏头痛急性发作期局部脑血流灌注（rCBF）分布的特点及氟桂利嗪（西比灵）治疗后脑血流灌注的改变情况，进一步探讨偏头痛的发病机制及单电子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）在其临床诊疗中的应用价值。方法利用99m^Tc-ECD标记的放射性药物对22例偏头痛病人于急性发作期行SPECT脑灌注显像，对图像进行目测及半定量分析。比较头痛部位与脑灌注异常部位的相关性；自身头痛侧与非头痛侧脑血流灌注的不对称性；以及脑灌注异常程度与偏头痛的严重程度、发作频率之间的关系。结果82％病人在偏头痛急性发作期，SPECT表现为相关部位局部脑血流量减低；脑灌注改变的部位与头痛部位相关；对于一侧头痛病人，头痛侧与非头痛侧的脑血流量有明显差异，尤其在额叶、顶叶、颞叶明显（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；局部脑灌注减低的程度在一定条件下与头痛的严重程度和发作频率成正比，但不成线性关系：10例病人在西比灵治疗前后rCBF比较，4例恢复正常，3例低灌注仍然存在，但rCBF评分增加，3例无明显变化。结论偏头痛病人在急性期普遍存在脑血流灌注异常。与CT、磁共振成像（MRI）、颅多普勒超声（332D）等辅助检查工具相比，SPECT可以反映脑细胞功能及脑血流的变化，在偏头痛的临床诊疗中有一定的参考价值。     

乙酰唑胺负荷试验CT灌注显像评价缺血性脑血管病患者脑血流储备

目的采用口服乙酰唑胺CT灌注显像研究缺血性脑血管病患者病变血管分布区脑血流储备力的变化。方法10例短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）患者首先行常规脑CT灌注检查（基础态）,结束后即刻口服乙酰唑胺1．0g,延时2h后再次行脑CT灌注检查（激发态）。比较激发前后脑血流量（CBF）、脑血容量（CBV）、平均通过时间（MTY）、负荷前后双侧相对值（rCBF、rCBV、rMTr）及CBF变化率（RCBF）。结果负荷试验：基础态：病变侧MCA供血区CBF较对侧明显减低,CBV轻度增加,MTT明显延长（P均〈0．05）。激发态：健侧CBF明显升高、MTY明显缩短、CBV无明显改变;病变侧CBF、CBV及MTT均无显著变化;病侧与健侧负荷前后RCBF、RMTT及rCBF、rMTT均有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）,而RCBV及rCBV无显著统计学差异。结论口服乙酰唑胺负荷试验CT灌注显像是评估缺血性脑血管病患者脑血流储备能力的简单有效方法,具有重要临床价值。     

神经精神狼疮患者局部脑血流灌注显像的临床研究

目的 观察神经精神狼疮患者脑血流改变,探讨神经精神狼疮患者局部脑血流灌注(rCBF)显像的临床意义.方法 20例神经精神狼疮患者(NPSLE组)、20例无神经精神表现的狼疮患者(SLE组)和20名年龄相当的健康志愿者(健康组)行单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)rCBF显像,并划取感兴趣区作半定量分析得半定量(HQ)值.比较各组SPECT rCBF显像结果,并对HQ结果进行分析.同时20例神经精神狼疮患者行CT/磁共振成像(MRI)显像并与rCBF显像进行对比.结果 NPSLE组患者rCBF显像均阳性100%,其中19例局部脑血流降低,1例局部脑血流增加;20例患者CT/MRI头部显像阳性4例(20%),同rCBF显像相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).SLE组患者rCBF显像阳性1例(5%),表现为局部脑血流降低.20名健康志愿者rCBF显像未见异常.NPSLE组患者rCBF显像病灶主要分布在颞叶(36%)、额叶(18%).其颞叶、额叶HQ值与SLE对照组和健康对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01和P＜0.05). 结论 rCBF显像灵敏度高,对早期诊断和治疗神经精神狼疮有重要意义.神经精神狼疮患者rCBF显像多表现为局部脑血流降低,好发部位为大脑中动脉供血区,以颞叶、额叶多见.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像判断乳腺癌复发及转移的价值

目的探讨^18F-FDG PET/CT显像判断乳腺癌复发和转移的临床价值.方法28例手术治疗后临床疑有肿瘤复发或转移的乳腺癌患者均进行^18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,应用目测法和半定量分析法判断结果（标准摄取值,SUV）.结果病理、活检、细胞学检查等证实17例有局部复发和（或）转移,^18F-FDG PET/CT显像正确诊断16例,检测灵敏度、特异性（94.12%,90.91%）明显高于传统影像学方法;在62个肿瘤复发和（或）转移灶中,PET/CT及常规影像学检查检出率分别为91.94%（57/62）、72.58%（45/62）,P＜0.05.结论^18F-FDG PET/CT显像是早期诊断乳腺癌复发和（或）转移良好的、无创性方法.     

肺通气/灌注显像与CT肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞的对比研究

目的探讨肺通气/灌注（V/Q）显像与CT肺动脉造影（CTPA）在肺栓塞（PE）诊断中的价值。方法将93例肺栓塞患者分为两组（大面积、次大面积肺栓塞组和非大面积肺栓塞组），分别对全体患者、不同分组患者肺V/Q显像与CTPA的诊断价值进行对比分析。结果肺V/Q显像与CTPA总检出率比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）；在非大面积肺栓塞组中肺V/Q显像检出率高于CTPA（P〈0.05）；在大面积、次大面积肺栓塞组中CTPA检出率高于肺V/Q显像（P〈0.05）。结论CTPA与肺V/Q显像诊断肺栓塞各有优缺点，应将两种诊断技术优势互补，才能为临床治疗提供更加准确的有效信息。     

慢性酒精中毒与脑损伤

目的探讨慢性酒精中毒对脑组织的损伤。方法；对78例慢性酒精中毒患者行经脑多普勒超声（TCD）、单光子发射计算机体层扫（SPECT）、及头部CT检查，结合临床症状及体征进行统计学分析。结果78例中TCD脑血流速度减慢42例（53．8％）、SPECT测量大脑局部血流（rCBF）降低46例（58．9％）和头部CT脑萎缩33例（42．3％）。结论慢性酒精中毒患者脑损伤的程度与饮酒量、饮酒时间呈正相关。     

SPECT对老年人脑血管疾病的诊断价值

本文报告40例老年人脑血管疾病SPECT脑血流断层显像结果,初步认为SPECT对脑梗塞的诊断有肯定价值;对TIA的诊断优于CT;对痴呆及高血压动脉硬化脑血液供应的观察有一定价值     

Flash双源CT冠脉成像与心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断价值的临床研究

目的探讨Flash双源CT冠状动脉成像（DS—CTA）与心肌灌注显像（DS—CTP）一站式检查对冠心病诊断的价值。方法对60例临床考虑冠心病的患者行双源CT检查,所有患者均接受冠状动脉造影检查。以冠状动脉造影为参考标准,根据冠脉造影结果分为狭窄〈50％和狭窄≥50％,计算对于狭窄≥50％者双源CT冠脉成像及联合心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果60例患者行DSCT冠脉成像与心肌灌注显像,其中59例均显示良好符合诊断要求。以冠状动脉造影为参考标准：①对于血管狭窄≥50％的血管,Flash双源CT诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为84．O％、92．7％、88．9％和89．1％;②DS—CTA联合DS—CTP诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96．8％、90．7％％、88．5％和97．5％。结论DS—CTA联合DS—CTP对冠心病具有很高的诊断价值。双源CT这种融合解剖学及功能学成像的“一站式”检查方法在冠心病的诊断及预后方面有重要优势。     

Persistent atrial fibrillation as a prognostic factor of outcome in patients with advanced heart failure

INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is diagnosed more and more frequently. Fifteen to 30% of patients with systolic CHF develop atrial fibrillation (AF). AIM: To establish whether persistent AF was an independent predictor of mortality, and had a predictive value with respect to late clinical outcomes in patients with systolic CHF. METHODS: Analysis comprised 120 men with systolic CHF. In 35 (58%) patients CHF was the result of ischaemic heart disease and in 25 (42%)--idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Presence or absence of AF was a criterion of patients' subsequent division into two subgroups. Sixty patients with AF were assigned to the AF group. The control group involved 60 individuals with CHF and sinus rhythm (SR) on enrollment. Mean follow-up time was 36 months. RESULTS: Overall 59 (49%) patients died during 3-year follow-up, including 33 (56%) in the AF group. Deaths were noted more often in CHF patients with underlying ischaemic heart disease than DCM (66% vs 34%). This difference reached statistical significance in the AF group (72% vs 28%, p<0.001). Moreover, patients with AF more often complained of palpitations (p<0.01), had worse exercise capacity (p<0.01) as well as more frequently presented complex ventricular arrhythmia (p<0.01). The rate of hospital readmission was also higher (p<0.02). In univariate as well as multivariate analysis, AF was not found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Factors with a potential impact on adverse prognosis were concomitant complex ventricular arrhythmias (p=0.01), diabetes (0.04) and reduced exercise capacity (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent AF is not an independent risk factor of death in patients with advanced systolic CHF. However, it has an unfavourable impact on functional status. Concomitant complex ventricular arrhythmias and reduced exercise capacity worsen prognosis in this group of patients.     

心房颤动患者射频消融术后心率变异性变化及房性早搏频度与预后的分析

目的 探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者射频消融术后,心率变异性(HRV)值低于正常与复发的关系,频发房性早搏与复发的关系.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月房颤射频消融术后于北京市顺义区医院行动态心电图检查的患者143例,其中男性71例,女性72例,平均年龄(59.90±11.12)岁.将术后1～5个月的患者归为...     

Correlation of Left Atrial Diameter by Echocardiography and Left Atrial Volume by Computed Tomography

Introduction: For patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial size is a predictor of recurrence of AF during follow-up. For this reason, major clinical trials have used a left atrial diameter (LAD) of more than 5.0 or 5.5 cm, assessed by echocardiography, as an exclusion criterion for patients deemed candidates for ablation of AF. However, whether LAD accurately reflects true left atrial size has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that LAD, measured by echocardiography, accurately correlates to left atrial volume measured by computed tomography (CT).
Methods and Results: We included 50 patients (mean age 56 ± 12 years, five female) with symptomatic AF (40% paroxysmal, 60% persistent), referred for catheter ablation. In each patient, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. Additionally, all patients underwent CT using a 64-slice CT scanner. Left atrial volume was calculated by manually tracing left atrial area on each CT cross-sectional image. Patients had a mean LAD measured by echocardiography of 4.5 ± 0.7 cm, ranging from 2.9 to 5.7 cm. Left atrial volume measured by CT ranged from 67 mL to 270 mL with a mean value of 146 ± 49 mL. A poor correlation was noted between LAD and left atrial volume, r = 0.49 (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: LAD measured by echocardiography correlates poorly with left atrial volume measured by CT in patients with AF. As a result, selecting patients with AF for treatment with catheter ablation should not be based on an echocardiographic-derived LAD alone.     

心房颤动脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型与预后的研究

目的探讨心房颤动脑梗死患者的牛津郡社区卒中项目OCSP临床分型及预后。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,将1019例脑梗死患者分为心房颤动脑梗死组(房颤组)91例和无心房颤动脑梗死组(无房颤组)928例;又按OCSP临床分型标准分为完全前循环梗死44例、部分前循环梗死552例、后循环梗死300例和腔隙性梗死123例。进行随访并比较2组预后。结果与无房颤组比较,房颤组患者完全前循环梗死比例明显增加,后循环梗死、腔隙性梗死比例明显减少(P<0.01);美国卫生研究院卒中量表评分及改良Rankin评分明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。2组部分前循环梗死比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。房颤组患者预后不良率为71.4%,发病1年时复发率为31.3%,病死率为30.0%;无房颤组患者预后不良率38.4%,发病1年时复发率为16.5%,病死率为10.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论心房颤动脑梗死患者较无心房颤动患者预后差。     

Effects of healthy aging on the regional cerebral blood flow measurements using 99mTc-ECD SPECT assessed with statistical parametric mapping

To clarify the effects of normal aging on the cerebral blood flow, regional cerebral blood flow measurements++ using a Patlak Plot method of 99mTc-ECD were performed in 53 normal volunteers aged 18 to 87 years old (mean = 47.9 years). The subjects, 29 men and 24 women, were normal on clinical examination, and had neither a history of neurological nor psychiatric disease and no abnormal CT or MRI images. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used for automatching and an objective approach to analysis of SPECT image data. Global cerebral blood flow showed a significant decline with age (r = 0.406). The SPM analysis (voxel height; p < 0.001, Bonferroni correction; p < 0.05) demonstrated significant age-related decrease of relative rCBF in prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate giri, and insular cortices-temporal poles bilaterally, these affected areas belonged to limbic or association cortices. Therefore, these decreases in rCBF may suggest cognitive changes that occur during normal aging.     

氙CT指导脑血运重建术治疗症状性前循环动脉狭窄及闭塞

目的 探讨氙CT脑血流灌注成像技术在脑血运重建术前及疗效评估中的作用。方法 回顾性分析15例症状性前循环供血动脉粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料,其中行血管内支架置入术8例、颈内动脉内膜切除术1例和颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉旁路移植术6例,对比术前与术后2周内氙CT检测的局部脑血流量(r CBF)及术后6个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。结果 (1)12例术前靶血管远端血流灌注异常患者平均r CBF值为(30±10)ml/(100 g·min),术后为(32±14)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.044);3例术前靶血管远端血流灌注正常患者平均r CBF值为(48±6)ml/(100 g·min),术后平均r CBF值为(50±7)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)术后mRS评分改善8例,稳定7例。15例患者术后mRS评分为[1(0,3)]分,与术前[3(1,3)]分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访期间无一例新发神经功能障碍。结论 血运重建术可改善术前存在血流动力学障碍的症状性前循环供血动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的靶血管远端局部脑血流灌注及神经功能缺损症状,而术前氙CT脑血流灌注成像灌注异常可能较灌注正常患者获益更多。     

心房颤动导管消融治疗:未来走向平坦之路?

长久以来,心房颤动(房颤)的治疗一直困扰着我们,过去10年开展的导管射频消融术为房颤治疗带来了革命性的变化,同期,新型抗凝药物及抗心律失常药物的不断涌现也为房颤治疗增添了不少亮点.今天当我们再次从改善症状和预后的角度考虑房颤的治疗策略时,是否会有新的启示与发现?     

心房颤动导管消融治疗:未来走向平坦之路?

长久以来,心房颤动(房颤)的治疗一直困扰着我们,过去10年开展的导管射频消融术为房颤治疗带来了革命性的变化,同期,新型抗凝药物及抗心律失常药物的不断涌现也为房颤治疗增添了不少亮点.今天当我们再次从改善症状和预后的角度考虑房颤的治疗策略时,是否会有新的启示与发现?     

心房颤动导管消融治疗:未来走向平坦之路?

长久以来,心房颤动(房颤)的治疗一直困扰着我们,过去10年开展的导管射频消融术为房颤治疗带来了革命性的变化,同期,新型抗凝药物及抗心律失常药物的不断涌现也为房颤治疗增添了不少亮点.今天当我们再次从改善症状和预后的角度考虑房颤的治疗策略时,是否会有新的启示与发现?