冠心病高脂血症患者L-精氨酸、硝酸根、亚硝酸根及组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平的变化

观察30例冠心病高脂血症患者和16例正常人脂过氧化物、L-精氨酸、硝酸根、亚硝酸根、组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂水平的变化。结果发现，冠心病高脂血症患者L-精氨酸水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物和超氧化物歧化酶活性下降（与对照组相比，P＜0．05），硝酸根、亚硝酸根及脂过氧化物水平升高（P＜0．05）。结果提示冠心病高脂血症患者血浆中L-精氨酸相对缺乏，可能与其一氧化氮需要量增加有关；血清中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的含量增加，可能与一氧化氮的降解增加有关；组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性降低可能与细胞功能障碍有关。     

冠心病患者血浆纤维蛋白溶解系统活性测定及与脂蛋白(a)水平的关系

为探讨冠心病患者血浆纤维蛋白溶解酶（简称纤溶酶）活性及与脂蛋白（a）水平的关系，对37例冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活刘、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物、纤溶酶原和血清脂蛋白（a）水平进行了测定，并与13名健康人对照。结果发现．冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂活性低于健康人（P＜0．05）。纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物活性显著高于健康人（P＜0.001），纤溶酶原活性低于健康人（P＜0．05）．血清脂蛋白（a）水平除急性心肌梗塞患者高于健康人（P＜0．05）外，其他患者与健康人相比．差异无显著性。结果还发现：急性心肌梗塞患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活刻的活性与血清脂蛋白（a）水平呈负相关（r=-0.898．P＜0．001）。以上结果提示，测量血浆纤溶系统活性和脂蛋白（a）水平，对于冠心病的诊治具有参考价值。     

冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系

为研究冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系,比较分析冠心病患者、高甘油三酯血症患者及正常对照者的血清甘油三酯水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂活性。纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性测定采用发色低物法,血清甘油三酯浓度测定采用酶法。结果表明,高甘油三酯血症患者及冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性较正常人升高,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性较正常人下降。冠心病患者及高甘油三酯血症患者均有不同程度的纤溶活性下降,以急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛伴高甘油三酯组改变尤为明显。血清甘油三酯水平与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性呈负相关,与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性呈正相关。结果提示,甘油三酯通过影响纤溶功能参与冠心病的形成与发展。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者凝血纤溶活性及冠状动脉斑块形态的关系及其临床意义

目的探讨不稳定性心绞痛患者不同形态斑块的稳定性及对疾病转归的预测价值。方法85例不稳定性心绞痛患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为Ⅰ型病变组（21例）、Ⅱ型病变组（45例）、Ⅲ型病变组（19例），40例冠状动脉造影排除冠心病者为对照组，均测定血浆Ⅶ因子凝血活性及组织型纤溶酶原激活物、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物、纤维蛋白原和D二聚体值；其中56例不稳定型心绞痛患者随诊一年，观测预后。结果不稳定性心绞痛患者血浆凝血纤溶因子较正常对照组明显异常，其中Ⅱ型病变组Ⅶ因子凝血活性、纤维蛋白原、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物较其他两组明显升高、组织型纤溶酶原激活物有所下降（P〈0．05）；D二聚体改变无显著性（P〉0．05）。一年内急性心肌梗塞和心源性猝死的发生率亦明显高于其它两型（P〈0.01）。结论冠状动脉造影不同形态斑块凝血纤溶活性明显不同，可以作为判断不稳定型心绞痛斑块稳定性及疾病转归的重要手段。     

番茄红素对实验性高甘油三酯血症大鼠血脂、血凝及纤溶的影响

目的研究番茄红素对实验性高甘油三酯血症大鼠血脂、血凝及纤溶的影响。方法建立大鼠高甘油三酯血症模型,同时给予番茄红素,测定大鼠空腹12~14 h血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性,分析番茄红素对血脂、血凝及纤溶的影响。结果饲高糖高脂饲料后,大鼠血浆甘油三酯含量平均升高1.95倍,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降26%;与高糖高脂饲料组比较,饲高糖高脂饲料及番茄红素后大鼠血浆甘油三酯含量平均下降24%,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量平均增加32%,达正常水平。饲高糖高脂饲料后,大鼠血浆凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间均较对照组明显缩短(P<0.01),纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性明显增加(P<0.01),组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性无显著变化。饲高糖高脂饲料及番茄红素后,大鼠血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性明显增加(P<0.01),组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性增加(P<0.01),凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间无明显变化。与高糖高脂饲料组比较,饲高糖高脂饲料及番茄红素后,大鼠血浆凝血酶原时间及活化部分凝血活酶时间均明显延长(P<0.01),纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性明显降低(P<0.05),组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性增加(P<0.01)。结论番茄红素能降低血脂水平,使凝血系统活性降低,纤溶系统活性增加。     

持续气道正压通气对OSAHS患者血管内皮细胞及纤溶系统的影响

为探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP)治疗前后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血管内皮细胞及纤溶系统的变化及临床意义，选择年龄，性别，体重指数（BMI）无明显差异的OSAHS患者38例和健康者对照组32例，用多导睡眠呼吸监测仪进行监测，以凝固法测定纤维蛋白原（Fg），发色底物法测组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（tPA：A）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1活性（PAI－1：A），酶联免疫法测vonWillebrand因子（vWF)、组织纤溶酶原激活物抗原（tPA:Ag）、纤溶酶原含量（PLg:Ag)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1含量（PAI－1：Ag）。结果OSAHS组与对照组比较，vWF,Fg,tPA:Ag、PAI－1：A明显升高（P分别＜0．01，0．001，0．001，0．01），PLg:Ag、tPA:A、tPA:Ag、最低血氧饱和度（SaO2low)明显降低（P分别＜0．01，0．001，0．001，0．01).nCPAP治疗后与治疗前比较，vWF,Fg,PAI-1:Ag,PAI-1:A明显降低（P分别＜0．05，0．01，0．01，0．01），PLg:Ag,tPA:A,tPA:Ag，最低SaO2明显升高（P分别＜0．05，0．001，0．001，0．01）。提示OSAHS患者血管内皮细胞损伤，凝血功能增强，纤溶系统功能减弱;nCPAP治疗能部分纠正各指标的异常。     

低氘白酒对实验性高脂血症大鼠凝血及纤溶系统的影响

目的研究低氘水和白酒对高脂血症大鼠血脂、凝血及纤溶的影响。方法设正常对照组,建立大鼠的高脂血症模型,同时对高脂血症大鼠连续白酒[0.01 L/(kg.d)]灌胃或/和自由饮用低氘水,测定如下指标:大鼠血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及活性纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性。组织标本经苏木精-伊红染色法后观察各组大鼠的胸主动脉及肝脏的病理学变化。结果与高脂模型组相比,低氘水组大鼠高密度脂蛋白及组织型纤溶酶原激活物显著升高(P<0.05),活性纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1显著降低(P<0.05);低剂量白酒组大鼠低密度脂蛋白及活性纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1显著降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原时间、组织型纤溶酶原激活物显著升高(P<0.05);高剂量白酒组大鼠总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、凝血酶原时间及组织型纤溶酶原激活物均显著升高(P<0.05);低氘白酒高剂量组大鼠总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、凝血酶原时间及组织型纤溶酶原激活物均显著升高(P<0.05),甘油三酯、活性纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1显著降低(P<0.05);低氘白酒低剂量组大鼠总胆固醇、甘油三酯...     

老年高血压病患者性激素与血管内皮功能的关系

为研究老年高血压病患者性激素,vWF含量和纤溶活性的改变及其相关性,分别采用放射免疫法,酶联免疫吸附法和发色底物法测定了66例（女34例,男32例）I,II期老年高血压病患者和32例（女16例,男16例）老年正常人的雌二醇,睾酮及内皮损伤特异性标志物－von Willebrand因子含量,以及组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性,并进行了相关性分析,结果发现,老年女性高血压病雌二醇水平,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性明显低于老年女性正常对照组（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,而von Willebrand因子含量,纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,老年男性高血压病组睾酮水平,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性明显低于老年男性正常对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,von Willebrand因子含量,纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性显著高于正常对照组（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,老年女性高血压病组雌二醇水平与von Willebrand因子含量呈显著负相, 结果提示,老年女性高血压病患者雌二醇水平明显降低,而男性睾酮水平下降,两者都存在明显的内皮损伤,纤溶活性异常,雌二醇可能通过对血管内皮功能的有利影响而对女性高血压起保护作用。     

纤维蛋白原、纤维蛋白及其降解产物对共培养血管内皮细胞纤溶活性的影响

目的研究纤维蛋白原（Fg）、纤维蛋白（Fb）及其降解产物（FDP）对共培养体系中人脐静脉内皮细胞组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂表达的影响。方法应用Transwell膜建立人脐静脉内皮细胞-兔主动脉平滑肌细胞共培养体系，在不同浓度（0、0．5、1．5、3．0、4．5和6．0g／L）Fg、Fb和FDP干预24h后，分别检测该共培养体系中人脐静脉内皮细胞组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂mRNA水平（RT-PCR法）以及培养上清中组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂抗原含量（ELISA法）与活性（发色底物法）的变化情况。结果Fg对组织型纤溶酶原激活物的表达没有显著影响，较高浓度的Fg（3．0～4．5g／L）可明显促进纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂mRNA表达、抗原含量及活性升高，但过高浓度的Fg（6．0g／L）却抑制纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的表达。3．0-4．5g／L的Fb对组织型纤溶酶原激活物mRNA和抗原含量都起上调作用，同时显著下调组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性。较高浓度的Fb（1．5-4．5g／L）则可明显上调纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的表达，且在mRNA、蛋白和活性水平趋势基本一致。3．0-6．0g／L的FDP均可明显下调组织型纤溶酶原激活物mRNA、蛋白和活性水平，1．5-6．0mg／ml的FDP均可促进纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的高表达。结论Fg、Fb和FDP可以通过影响组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的表达，引起纤溶活性降低，参与动脉粥样硬化的发展进程。     

老年高血压患者血浆纤溶水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 了解老年高血压患者胰岛素抵抗、血浆纤溶水平改变，并对二者关系进行探讨。方法 用放射免疫分析法检测42例老年高血压患者和32例老年健康对照者的空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平，用酶联免疫法测定其血浆组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA)及其抑制物－1（PAI－1）水平。结果 老年高血压患者的FINS，tPA和PAI－1水平较对照组明显升高（P值分别＜0．001，＜0．01，＜0．001），其胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）相应降低（P＜0．05）。FINS与tPA和PAI－1呈正相关（P值分别＜0．01，＜0．001），ISI与上述二指标呈负相关（P值分别＜0．05，＜0．01）。结论 老年高血压患者存在胰岛素抵抗（IR）和血浆纤溶水平下降，其血浆纤溶水平的变化与该患者的胰岛素抵抗有关。     

Blood coagulation, fibrinolytic activity and lipid profile in subclinical thyroid disease: subclinical hyperthyroidism increases plasma factor X activity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis occur in patients with thyroid diseases, and may range from subclinical laboratory abnormalities to clinically significant disorders of coagulation and, rarely, major haemorrhage or thromboembolism. The influence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) on haemostasis is controversial, both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states have been reported. A hypercoagulable state might be a risk factor for thromboembolic disease in SHypo. On the other hand, subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCHyper) is associated with enhanced cardiovascular risk. In the English literature, there are no studies on changes in coagulation and fibriolytic status in subjects with SCHyper. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the markers of endogenous coagulation and fibrinolysis, and to evaluate the relationships between serum lipid profile and thyroid hormones and these haemostatic parameters in subclinical thyroid patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Various haemostatic parameters were investigated in 30 patients with SHypo and 20 patients with SCHyper and compared to 20 euthyroid controls. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII, IX and X activities, vWF, antithrombin III (AT III), protein C, protein S, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as well as common lipid variables, were measured. The relationships between serum thyroid hormones and these haemostatic parameters were examined. RESULTS: Compared with the control subjects, only FX activity was significantly increased in patients with SCHyper (P < 0.01). Total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher in patients with SHypo compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). TC levels were significantly higher in patients with SCHyper than in controls (P < 0.05). No differences could be found in coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters between subclinical hypothyroid patients and control subjects. In patients with SCHyper, serum TSH level was positively correlated with FX activity (r: 0.58, P < 0.01) and inversely correlated with PAI-1 (r: -0.55. P < 0.05). Serum TG levels were inversely correlated with plasma activities of factors V, VII, VIII, IX, X and vWF (r: -0.83, P < 0.001; r: -0.68, P < 0.05; r: -0.61, P < 0.05; r: -0.77, P < 0.01; r: -0.63, P < 0.05; r: -0.60, P < 0.05, respectively). Serum TC levels were positively correlated with plasma fibrinogen levels (r: 0.72, P < 0.05). Serum HDL-C levels were positively correlated with protein S activity (r: 0.68, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with F VII activity (r: -0.69, P < 0.05). Also, in patients with SHypo, serum TG levels were positively correlated with serum TSH levels (r: 0.42, P < 0.05), plasma activities of factors V, VII and X (r: 0.42, P < 0.05; r: 0.54, P < 0.01; r: 0.57, P < 0.01, respectively) and negatively correlated with plasma fibrinogen levels (r: -0.41, P < 0.05). Serum TC levels were positively correlated with factors V and X (r: 0.42, P < 0.05; r: 0.58, P < 0.01, respectively) and negatively correlated with t-PA Ag levels (r: -0.44, P < 0.05). Serum HDL-C levels were inversely correlated with F VII activity (r: -0.48, P < 0.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Some differences were found in the haemostatic parameters and lipid profile between the subclinical thyroid patients and healthy controls. Increased factor X activity in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism represent a potential hypercoagulable state, which might augment the already existing risk for atheroscleroic complications. Also, subclinical hypothyroid patients exhibit a more atherogenic lipid profile compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, subclinical hypothyroidism is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, thyroid hormones may play a role at different levels of the complex haemostatic system in subclinical thyroid disease.     

Age-related effects of regular physical activity on hemostatic factors in men

Background Age-related changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors are associated with an increase in risk of thrombotic events. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of age, regular aerobic exercise and detraining on blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in men. Methods Initially, 41 sedentary and 42 physically active men (20–64 years) were analyzed for plasma levels of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. Twelve sedentary men were then subjected to 16-week aerobic exercise training and subsequent 2-week detraining. Their blood samples taken at rest were assayed for activity levels of prothrombin, coagulation factor (F) V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XIII, antithrombin III, protein C and plasminogen, and for antigen levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), FIX, protein C, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tPA/PAI-1 complex. Results Plasma levels of most coagulation factors, particularly for fibrinogen and FIX antigens as well as FXIII activity significantly increased with aging in sedentary men, while that tendency disappeared in physically active men. By the exercise training, plasma antigen and/or activity levels of most blood coagulation factors except for prothrombin and FIX decreased. These training-effects, however, disappeared after detraining, and in some cases even rebounded to higher levels than those of pre-training. Plasma antigen levels of tPA, PAI-1 and tPA/PAI-1 complex decreased with the training and remained low even after detraining. Conclusion Regular aerobic exercises give complex effects on expression of hemostatic factors, overall favoring the hemostatic balance to less thrombotic, partly cancelling out the age effects.     

Fibrinolytic activity in multiple myeloma

The incidence of thromboembolic events is high as a result of disease, disease-related complications, and therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). In patients with hematologic tumors, impaired fibrinolysis may be present and may contribute to the development of thrombotic complications. Therefore, we designed a study to investigate fibrinolytic activity in MM. We compared plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1beta, IL-11, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, and global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) in patients with MM (n = 66) and in control subjects (n = 18). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was 4.5%, with a median follow-up period of 7 months in our myeloma group. Results are given as mean (median, range). Plasma levels of IL-6 (8.27 +/- 0.74 [9.65, 0.90-13.32] pg/mL versus 2.64 +/- 0.66 [1.80, 0.10-11.86] pg/mL, P < 0.001), CRP (45.57 +/- 9.92 [21.00, 1.34-330.00] mg/L versus 1.96 +/- 0.50 [1.05, 0.19-8.03] mg/L, P < 0.001), PAI-1 (7.40 +/- 0.67 [5.57, 2.40-31.80] IU/mL versus 4.73 +/- 0.65 [3.60, 2.32-11.00] IU/mL, P < 0.01), GFC score (1.90 +/- 0.02 [2, 1-3] versus 2.50 +/- 0.14 [3, 1-3], P < 0.001) were increased compared with controls. In patients with MM, the level of IL-6 was positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), IL-1beta (r = 0.29, P < 0.05), and PAI-1 (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with GFC (r = -0.37, P < 0.01). CRP level was positively correlated with plasma PAI-1 level (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with GFC (r = -0.44, P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation between PAI-1 level and GFC (r = -0.75, P < 0.001) was also detected. IL-1beta levels were negatively correlated with tPA level (r = -0.26, P < 0.05). These results suggest that patients with myeloma have a decreased fibrinolytic activity mainly because of increased PAI-1 activity. In MM, increased PAI-1 activity seems to be related with elevated IL-6 level. MM should be considered as a hypercoagulable state as a result of both increased procoagulant activity and decreased fibrinolytic activity. Achieving a plateau by means of conventional chemotherapies does not improve the decreased fibrinolytic activity.     

Coagulofibrinolytic assessment of effects of bezafibrate on hypertriglyceridemia in postmenopausal women.

The present study investigates the effect of bezafibrate on lipid levels and coagulofibrinolytic factors. Subjects enrolled in the study included 124 postmenopausal women with hypertriglyceridemia. We examined the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and blood coagulation factors VII and X as parameters of coagulofibrinolysis. After 12 weeks of bezafibrate therapy, mean serum triglyceride (TG) and remnant-like particle lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels significantly decreased from baseline. Activated factor X levels decreased significantly by 11.3% (P < 0.01) and the ratio of tPA/PAI-1 (0.146+/-0.07) increased significantly by 37.7% from baseline (P < 0.05). The rates of change in activated factor VII and PAI-1 showed a significant positive correlate with the rates of change in TG and RLP-C (P = 0.001). These present findings suggest that bezafibrate improves triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and coagulofibrinolytic activity by increasing fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women with hypertriglyceridemia.     

氯沙坦和阿替洛尔对高血压患者纤溶系统及血浆血管性血友病因子的作用比较

目的比较血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)氯沙坦和β受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔对原发性高血压患者纤溶系统及血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)的影响。方法轻中度原发性高血压患者60例随机分成氯沙坦组和阿替洛尔组(每组30例),分别给予氯沙坦50mg/(次.d)或阿替洛尔50mg/(次.d),共治疗8周。每4周随访1次,4周时血压如不达标(BP<140/90mmHg)则加用双氢克尿噻12.5mg/(次.d)。治疗前后行血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)检测,并计算PAI-1/tPA作为纤溶参数,同时测定血浆vWF的含量。结果两组的基线血压等一般情况具有可比性。治疗4周及8周时两组血压均较治疗前显著下降,组间比较无差异。同治疗前相比,氯沙坦组治疗8周时血浆PAI-1和vWF水平下降(P值分别<0.05及<0.01),PAI-1/tPA也有显著下降(P<0.05),而tPA则无显著变化(P>0.05);阿替洛尔组治疗8周时血浆PAI-1和vWF水平及PAI-1/tPA均无显著变化,而tPA则有所上升(P<0.05)。治疗后血浆vWF两组间比较,差异有非常显著意义。结论氯沙坦治疗能改善原发性高血压患者的纤溶系统并降低血浆vWF,而阿替洛尔则未见有此作用。     

疏血通注射液对心房颤动患者血栓前状态的影响

目的研究疏血通注射液对心房颤动患者血栓前状态的改善作用。方法将63例心房颤动患者随机分为疏血通组和对照组,疏血通组应用疏血通注射液治疗14d,对照组除不使用疏血通,其他用药与疏血通组相同。治疗前和治疗2周后测量两组血浆纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)活性,D-二聚体(D-D)和血管性假血友病因子(vWF)水平。结果疏血通组和对照组在治疗前血浆tPA、PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疏血通组治疗后血浆tPA活性显著性增高(P<0.05),血浆PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平均显著性下降(P<0.05),而对照组无显著性改变(P>0.05)。组间比较发现,疏血通组治疗后血浆PAI-1活性、D-D和vWF水平比对照组更低(P<0.05),而血浆tPA活性无显著增高(P>0.05)。结论短期疏血通静脉输注可以明显改善心房颤动患者的血栓前状态,这可能降低心房颤动患者的血栓栓塞危险。     

Hemostatic system as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism has been associated with atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of atherosclerosis in patients with thyroid failure remain controversial. Hypofibrinolysis might be a risk factor for thromboembolic disease in subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). We measured fibrinolytic activity in patients with SH before and after levothyroxine (LT(4)) treatment and compared it to those of controls. We prospectively included 35 patients with SH and 30 healthy controls. We treated patients with LT(4) until almost 6 months after the euthyroid state has been achieved. We measured fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III (ATIII), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, and factor VII. Clinical and anthropometric variables were recorded for both groups. We found increased levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1, and factor VII and decreased levels of ATIII activity in patients compared to control (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). Decrease of tPA was not significant (p > 0.05). At the end of the LT(4) treatment, significant decreases were determined in PAI-1 and factor VII (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest an important role of hypofibrinolytic and hypercoagulable state on the development of atherosclerosis in patients with SH and beneficial effects of LT(4 )treatment for decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis.     

Postprandial triglycerides and blood coagulation.

Most of our lifetime we spend in the postprandial state. Postprandial triglyceridemia may represent a procoagulant state involving disturbances of both blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, in particular due to elevation of the plasma levels of activated factor VII (VIIa) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Therefore, disturbances of the hemostatic system might, at least partly, account for by the link between hypertriglyceridemia and coronary heart disease (CHD). Factor VIIa is the first enzyme of the blood coagulation system and serves a priming function for triggering of the clotting cascade. The coagulant activity of factor VII (VIIc, total activity of factor VII in plasma) was identified as an independent predictor of myocardial infarction in initially healthy middle-aged men, and particularly of fatal coronary events, and both serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations correlated positively with the VIIc level. Addition of fat to diet has been consistently shown to cause a rapid conversion of the factor VII zymogen into its active form (VIIa) whereas the concentration of total protein is unaffected. Postprandial activation of factor VII is dependent on lipolytic activity and it is mainly supported by large triglyceride-rich lipoprotein of the VLDL class. Studies in vivo with specific coagulation factor-deficient patients indicate that factor IX is essential for the postprandial activation of factor VII. The basal generation of thrombin seems to be unaffected by increased plasma levels of VIIa. However, since VIIa-tissue factor complex is responsible for the initiation of the coagulation cascade, increased generation of VIIa in the postprandial state would increase the potential for thrombin production in the event of plaque rupture. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major physiological inhibitor of the plasminogen activators in the circulation and thereby the principal inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system. Postprandial triglyceridemia has been observed in many, not all, studies to increase PAI-1 plasma levels, which would further strengthen the chances of thrombotic occlusion of a vessel after rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque.     

氯沙坦对原发性高血压患者纤溶功能的影响

目的观察氯沙坦对原发性高血压(EH)患者纤溶功能的影响。方法观察34例EH患者应用氯沙坦治疗4周后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、内皮细胞型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)水平的变化,并与30例健康人作比较。结果治疗前EH患者血浆t-PA水平明显低于对照组,而PAI-1水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.01)。氯沙坦治疗4周后,血压明显下降,心率无明显变化,血浆t-PA水平增加,但无统计学意义,而PAI-1水平明显降低,t-PA/PAI-1比值升高(均P<0.01)。结论EH患者存在着内源性纤溶功能紊乱,氯沙坦可以改善EH患者的纤溶功能。     

丹红注射液对不稳定型心绞痛病人炎症反应物及纤溶活性的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)病人血浆炎症反应物及纤溶活性的影响。方法140例UA病人随机分为常规治疗组(67例)和丹红治疗组(73例),另设正常对照组50名。丹红治疗组于常规治疗基础上加用丹红注射液20mL静脉输注,每日1次,疗程为3周。两组分别于治疗前及结束时测定血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(DD)浓度和组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性。结果丹红注射液治疗3周后,CRP,IL-6,FIB,DD,PAI-1水平下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),t-PA活性升高(P<0.01)。治疗前UA病人的CRP与IL-6,PAI-1,DD呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与t-PA呈负相关(P<0.01)。丹红治疗组治疗后CRP与IL-6,PAI-1呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),与t-PA呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论UA病人应用丹红注射液治疗,可能有利于抑制炎症反应,改善内皮功能,提高纤溶活性,稳定斑块。