中药复方对尾吊大鼠心肌ATP酶、SDH和能荷值的影响

目的观察中药复方对短期模拟失重 (尾吊 )大鼠心肌ATP酶、SDH和能荷值的影响。方法大鼠分对照组、尾吊组和中药组 (中药 +尾吊 ) ,每组 1 0只。尾吊 5d后 ,3组大鼠同时处死 ,取心肌测ATP酶和SDH ,酶不同染色处理并定量测其光密度 (OD) ,测心肌能荷值定量表示能量储备。结果尾吊组心肌细胞SDH染色比中药、对照组增强 ,OD值升高 ,ATP酶明显增强和OD值显著升高 ,心肌能荷值减少 ,其顺序为尾吊组 >对照组 >中药组。结论中药组在尾吊时由于中药复方发挥了镇静、安神、活血化瘀等药理作用 ,使大鼠心肌SDH活性减弱 ,ATP酶活性明显降低 ,能耗减少     

模拟失重对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的 探讨模拟失重对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 将20只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组及尾吊组,每组各10只.正常对照组常规饲养3周,尾吊组悬吊3周.结束后同时取2组大鼠心肌组织,用TUNEL法、流式细胞仪法检测心肌细胞凋亡.同时检测心肌组织Caspase-3活性.结果 与对照组比较,尾吊组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡明显增加(P<0.01),Caspase-3活性明显增高(P<0.05).结论 模拟失重导致尾吊组大鼠心肌组织细胞凋亡增加.这可能是模拟失重条件下心脏重量减轻、功能减低的细胞学基础之一.     

艾司洛尔对心肺复苏大鼠心肌线粒体ATP酶活性的影响

目的 探讨艾司洛尔对心肺复苏后大鼠心肌线粒体ATP酶活性的影响.方法 66只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、肾上腺素(AD)组、肾上腺素 艾司洛尔(AD Es)组,每组22只,制备窒息致大鼠心跳骤停模型,窒息10min后行心肺复苏,测定复苏后30、120、180min心肌线粒体ATP酶活性.复苏期间监测心电图、心率、体温、平均动脉压.结果 与Sham组相比,AD组复苏后心率加快(P＜0.01),AD、AD Es组复苏后心肌线粒体ATP酶活性降低(P＜0.01);与AD组相比,AD Es组ATP酶活性升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 艾司洛尔有保护复苏后大鼠心肌线粒体ATP酶活性的作用.     

超氧化物歧化酶对阿霉素所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用观察

为探讨超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）对阿霉素（ADR）所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用。在大鼠腹腔注入ADR8mg／kg，注药前5min经鼠尾静脉注入SOD1．5万U，并设生理盐水组为对照，72h后取尾静脉血测天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）观察心肌损伤情况。结果SOD治疗组AST，LDH值明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。说明静脉给予外源性SOD能减轻ADR所致的心肌损伤。其机制可能为直接消除ADR进入机体后所产生的大量自由基；并增强了心肌细胞的抗氧化能力。     

海水浸泡对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学和一些生化代谢的影响

目的　研究 1 5℃低温海水浸泡对失血性休克大鼠血流动力学和一些生化代谢的影响。方法　采用雄性 Wistar大鼠 ,分为 3组 :正常对照组 (n=8) ;失血性休克组 (n=8) ;海水浸泡失血性休克组 (n=8)。测定血流动力学 ,血乳酸 (L A)、乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH )、磷脂酶 A2 (PL A2 ) ,血液和组织 MDA,分离肝线粒体 ,测定线粒体 H - ATP酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)。结果　海水浸泡失血性休克大鼠血浆L A、L DH、PL A2 、血浆和组织 MDA均显著高于失血性休克组和对照组 ,而血流动力学、肝细胞、心肌细胞线粒体 H - ATP酶和 SDH均显著低于失血性休克组和对照组。结论　 1 5℃海水浸泡失血性休克大鼠伤情明显加重 ,血流动力学减弱 ,缺血再灌流损伤加重 ,线粒体酶及能量合成和分解均下降 ;代谢性酸中毒加重 ,磷脂酶活性升高 ,膜通透性升高     

过度训练对大鼠心肌细胞线粒体膜通透性转换孔开放的影响

目的:探讨过度训练对大鼠心肌线粒体膜通透性转换孔(PTP)开放的影响。方法:20只SD大鼠分为训练对照组和过度训练组,采用分光光度法检测大鼠心肌线粒体PTP开放程度,电化学法检测心肌丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱苷肽(GSH)含量和磷脂酶A2(PLA2)活性。结果:与训练对照组比较,过度训练组大鼠心肌线粒体吸光度(A0)显著下降(P<0.01),吸光度变化△A值显著降低(P<0.01),Rh123荧光强度(F0)显著增强(P<0.01),Rh123荧光强度变化△F值显著降低(P<0.01);线粒体GSH含量显著降低(P<0.01),PLA2活性显著增加(P<0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:过度训练可导致心肌细胞线粒体PTP开放;过度训练状态下线粒体活性氧生成增多,PLA2活性增加及GSH含量下降,可能与线粒体PTP开放有关。     

束缚应激致大鼠心肌损伤的线粒体膜机制探讨

目的：观察束缚应激对大鼠心肌细胞线粒体膜生物学特性和功能的影响，探讨应激性心肌损伤的线粒体膜机制。方法：建立应激动物模型，分别束缚不同时间后处死所有大鼠，检测线粒体PTP开放程度、膜流动性的改变、膜脂质过氧化水平及线粒体呼吸功能变化。结果：束缚应激导致线粒体膜PTP开放、膜流动性降低、膜脂质过氧化生成增多及线粒体呼吸功能损害，且随着束缚时间增加，以上各项指标改变加剧。结论：束缚应激所致的线粒体膜损伤及其效应是应激性心肌损伤的重要机制。     

缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞线粒体功能及其能量代谢变化

目的:探讨缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞线粒体功能及其能量代谢变化。方法:设立对照组、单纯缺血组和缺血/再灌注组(n=8)。大鼠脱颈椎处死,取心脏置入4℃的K-H液,行主动脉插管,挂靠Langendorff灌流装置,连接压力换能传感器,开始灌流;采用RM-6280多道生理记录和分析系统记录血液动力学变化;收集灌流后液体,检测心肌生化指标。灌流后取大鼠左室全层心肌,提取蛋白并采用Western blot测定AMPKα和Cyt-C的表达。结果:与对照组比较,单纯缺血组和缺血/再灌注组中LVSP(P<0.05)、+dp/dtmax(P<0.05)与-dp/dtmax(P<0.05)均显著降低,而LVEDP(P<0.05)显著升高;三组中HR差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组和单纯缺血组比较,缺血/再灌注组的CK、LDH和CK-MB明显升高(P<0.05);AMPKα的表达显著降低(P<0.05);而Cyt-C的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:缺血/再灌注损伤后心肌细胞AMPKα的蛋白表达及线粒体功能均显著降低。     

氧化应激在大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注心肌损伤中的作用

目的观察大鼠肢体缺血／再灌注（LIR）后心肌组织的损伤性变化并探讨氧化应激在其发生机制中的作用。方法用健康雄性Wistar大鼠制备LIR动物模型，采用生物化学方法及比色法测定心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、ATP、乳酸（LD）含量及ATP酶（ATPase）活性；测定血浆肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平，光镜观察心肌组织的形态学变化。结果与对照组比较，再灌注后心肌组织ATP储备减少，LD含量增加，各型ATPase活性下降，血浆CK、CK-MB及心肌组织MDA、MPO含量均增高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。镜下可见再灌注后心肌组织炎性细胞浸润，部分心肌横纹不清晰，少数心肌细胞变性。结论LIR可对心肌组织造成一定损伤，这与体内的氧化应激状态有密切关系。     

曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织的保护作用研究

目的 观察曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织氧化应激、凋亡水平及能量代谢的影响,探讨曲美他嗪对力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织的保护作用.方法 30只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为安静对照组(C组)、反复力竭运动组(E组)、反复力竭运动+曲美他嗪组(TE组),每组10只.通过游泳运动建立大鼠力竭运动模型,TE组加用曲美他嗪干预(10mg/kg),各组均于最后一次力竭运动后留取心肌组织.用分光光度法检测大鼠心肌细胞线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和活性丙二醛(MDA)含量;用RT-PCR和免疫组化法分别检测心肌组织Bax、Bcl-2和解偶连蛋白2(UCP2)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率.结果 与C组比较,E组和TE组心肌线粒体SOD及GSH-Px活性均显著降低,其中E组降低更明显;MDA含量均升高,其中E组升高更明显(P＜0.01).与C组比较,E组和TE组Bax表达量均明显升高,Bcl-2表达量均明显降低(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组Bax表达量明显降低,Bcl-2表达量明显升高(P＜0.01).TUNEL检测结果显示,与C组比较,E组和TE组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显升高(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组心肌细胞凋亡率明显降低(P＜0.01).与C组比较,E组和TE组UCP2表达量均明显升高(P＜0.01);与E组比较,TE组UCP2表达量明显降低(p＜0.01).结论 曲美他嗪可减轻力竭运动后大鼠心肌组织损伤,对大鼠心肌具有保护作用.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.