168例老年人口腔卫生状况调查分析

目的了解老年人的口腔卫生健康状况。方法对168例老年人进行口腔卫生健康检查。结果168例老年人中人均龋齿未补牙数为0．23，楔缺未补牙数为1．53，人均残根数为1．09，缺失牙数为7．57，松动牙数为0．35。结论老年人口腔卫生状况不容乐观，需努力把老年人的口腔预防保健工作做好。     

伊通满族自治县中小学生口腔卫生习惯调查分析

随着社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，中小学生口腔卫生健康教育势在必行。2007年5月对本县中小学生口腔卫生习惯进行调查，旨在加强口腔卫生健康教育工作，培养学生从小养成良好的口腔卫生习惯，预防龋齿和牙周病的发生。     

口腔卫生习惯与口臭关系的调查研究

目的 探讨口腔卫生习惯与口臭的关系,了解患者口腔卫生认知的状况,为护士对口臭患者进行个性化口腔卫生宣教提供指导依据,提高口臭的预防和治疗效果,从而提高国民在国际上卫生文明的形象.方法 对牙周科202例患者进行口腔卫生习惯问卷调查,并用感官法(鼻闻)评价口臭程度,将202例患者分为口臭组112例和无口臭组90例,比较口臭组和无口臭组在口腔卫生认知上的差别.结果 2组患者在每日的刷牙次数、时间及是否使用牙缝刷方面比较差异明显.结论 良好的口腔卫生习惯可以减少口臭的发生.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the oral health habit and halitosis. It can provide an advisory basis for nurse giving individualized oral health instruction to patients of halitosis and can improve the result of prevention and treatment for halitosis accordingly. Methods 202 patients with periodontal disease were chosen to participate in this study. The study included the questionnaire of oral health habit and the halitosis diagnosis by organoleptic assessment.Comparisons of difference in the knowledge of oral health habit between the subjects with and without halitosis were conducted. Results Brushing times in subjects without halitosis were significantly more than that in subjects with halitosis. Brushing teeth in evening and interproximal brush usage were much better in subjects without halitosis than that in subjects with halitosis,respectively. Conclusions Good oral health habits could decrease the incidence of halitosis.     

意识障碍老年人口腔卫生干预措施及效果

目的：比较意识障碍休干口腔卫生干预前后休干生活质量。方法：通过保健科了解我院医疗体系32个休干所意识障碍患的分布情况，采用自制调查表、专人对住院和在家休干进行床旁调查。根据患不同情况，与陪护一起制订口腔护理方法、口腔护理达到的标准。干预后6个月检查口腔卫生情况。结果：意识障碍患口腔卫生改善，口腔疾患减少，不明原因发热患减少，平均住院天数减少。家属、陪护心理压力减轻。结论：口腔卫生干预对老年人口腔卫生具有积极的意义。     

妊娠期妇女对口腔卫生认知水平调查

目的探讨来院建卡孕妇口腔卫生保健认知程度,为孕妇提供相应对策。方法选择门诊建卡孕妇352例,以问卷方式进行口腔卫生认知水平调查。结果不同学历孕妇对口腔卫生保健知识认知程度有差异(P<0.001)。结论妊娠期内分泌水平改变,发生牙周组织病损或使原有牙周损害加重机会增加。孕妇口腔卫生知识认知程度与学历呈正相关,但高学历人群同样存在缺乏防病治病知识。因此在孕妇学校增设口腔卫生知识及提供相应对策是非常必要的。     

健康教育对老年义齿戴用者口腔卫生习惯及基牙卫生状况的影响

大多数老年人因牙齿缺失，常常需要用可摘局部义齿进行修复，而戴用义齿往往会影响口腔软硬组织的生理性自洁作用。在卡环与基牙，基托与基牙之问形成滞留区，易于食物残渣的积聚及菌斑附着，基牙患龋率明显升高。同时，由于老年人的生理特点以及旧传统观念及习惯等的影响。临床上许多老年义齿戴用者只重视义齿的咀嚼、发音、美观等     

宝山中西医结合医院青年医护人员口腔卫生调查

随着人们生活水平的提高,健康生活已经成为了民众十分关注的问题[1]。口腔卫生健康是世界卫生组织提出的世界级健康标准之一,且在民众的生活中,对其生活质量具有十分重要的意义[2]。我们应该清楚认识到,口腔卫生应该以预防为主,而20-30岁年龄段人群作为我国社会潜在的中坚力量,其个人口腔卫生情况及其了解口腔知识的情况将直接影响我国社会未来的口腔卫生工作环境[3]。     

不同层次学生口腔卫生习惯与患龋状况相关研究

[目的]了解唐山市不同文化层次学生的患龋情况,探讨龋病与口腔卫生习惯的相关性.[方法] 采用分层抽样方法随机抽取唐山市小学、中学、大学学生各200人进行问卷调查,回收587份,其中小学197份,中学192份,大学198份.[结果]小学生的患龋率最高,为44.67%;龋病与经常吃甜食,睡前吃零食及咬坚硬物品的习惯有关(P<0.05或P<0.01);每天刷牙、饭后清洁及饮食以粗粮为主的学生患龋病的危险性明显降低(P<0.05).[结论]加强学生的口腔卫生,改变不良生活习惯和口腔卫生习惯,可减少龋病的发生.     

口腔卫生宣教和指导对老年人牙周治疗的作用

目的 研究口腔卫生宣教和指导在老年牙周治疗中的作用.方法 在患者牙周治疗过程中对实验组患者宣教,检查和指导患者的日常口腔卫生护理.在初诊,1周,1个月,3个月,6个月时分别检测两组患者的菌斑指数-QT改良法(PLI-QT)和牙龈指数(GI).结果 对照组的PLI-QT指数和GI指数在治疗后逐渐增长,试验组却增长不明显,...     

Improving the oral health of older people in long-term residential care: a review of the literature

Background.  Unrefutable evidence now links poor oral health with the development of preventable systemic illnesses and debilitating conditions that threaten quality of life and life itself. This is especially significant for an increasing older population who are dependent on others for care.
Aims and objectives.  The majority of studies analysing the oral health of older dependent people in long-term residential care have been undertaken by dental professionals. This critical literature review examines the issue from a nursing perspective because nursing care providers have a fundamental role in daily oral health provision for dependent residents.
Conclusions.  Multiple barriers were found to negatively impact on daily oral healthcare provision, including lack of care provider education, oral health values, availability of resources, implementation of supportive policies, documentation and oral health assessment tools.
Relevance to clinical practice.  The nursing profession, at all levels, must become pro-active in removing financial, political and workforce barriers that impact negatively on oral health outcomes. A multi-faceted approach is required to address these barriers, including development and implementation of oral health education programmes, assessment screening tools, care plans, documentation, supply of oral hygiene aids and the appointment of oral care 'champions'.     

城市社区空巢老人健康问题及对策探讨

空巢老人是21世纪我国城市中逐渐扩大的弱势群体,对于其面临的身心及社会问题应从多方面、多角度给予解决。分析了我国城市空巢老人家庭增多的原因及面临的问题,提出完善社区卫生服务网络的建设是当前解决空巢老人健康问题最重要、最有效的措施。     

离退休老年人抑郁症状及相关因素分析

目的对离退休老年人抑郁症状及相关因素的调查分析。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,采用老年抑郁量表(GDS量表)及个人一般情况问卷,在约8万名离退休老年人中,抽取1000名进行调查。结果离退休老年人轻度抑郁占17．2％,中、重度抑郁占5％,其中女性患病率高于男性,离退休后缺少娱乐活动,缺少家人关心支持者患病率偏高。结论离退休老年人的抑郁情绪应引起高度重视。     

城乡中老年人就医行为的现状研究

目的了解城乡中老年人的健康状况与就医行为。方法采用自行设计的中老年人就医现状调查问卷对唐山城市与农村中老年人进行分层抽样调查。结果中老年人健康状况较差,就医较困难,就医意识淡薄。结论应健全社区卫生服务体系,以适应我国人口老龄化的需求。     

老年人口腔健康调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查老年人群口腔健康现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用牙缺失情况相关调查表、口腔检查表对443例口腔科就诊的老年人进行横断面调查研究。结果443例老年人群中,存在牙缺失270(60.95%)例,75岁以上人群牙缺失比例最高为74.40%(93/125)。缺牙人群中,高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中的发病率分别为17.78%(48/270)、12.59%(34/270)、35.56%(96/270)、7.41%(20/270)。性别、年龄、基础疾患(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中)、口腔健康知识(刷牙时牙龈出血是否正常)、口腔健康行为(刷牙频率、牙线使用频率)是影响老年人群牙缺失发生的危险因素。结论老年人群口腔健康状况不容乐观,牙缺失比例较高,口腔健康知识缺乏,口腔健康行为差。护理人员在开展健康教育时,除了分析性别、年龄、基础疾病等方面对老年人口腔健康的影响,还可针对刷牙频率、牙线使用频率、口腔健康知识掌握情况等口腔健康行为进行健康宣教。     

胃病病人口腔健康行为调查分析

目的 分析和评价胃病病人口腔健康行为。方法 对426名病人进行问卷调查。结果 本组胃病病人每天刷牙2次或2次以上占23%，刷牙1次为49.8%，27.2%的人从不刷牙；86%的病人牙刷使用时间超过60d,71.6%的病人不知道牙刷应保持在干燥环境中；32.6%的胃病病人每天进甜食或甜饮料2次以上；在过去的1年中，60.1%的人牙龈出血，30.28%的人牙齿疼痛，有56.81%的胃病病人从未看过牙医。结论 胃病病人口腔自我卫生保健意识较差，更加强口腔健康教育和行为干预。     

非口腔专业医务人员口腔卫生保健知识和健康行为调查分析

目的了解非口腔专业医务人员的口腔健康知识和保健行为。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷，调查756例非口腔专业的医务人员对口腔卫生保健知识的掌握程度及其保健行为。结果①大多数都能掌握常规的口腔卫生知识，61．1％的人不知道应该使用牙线；②刷牙方法正确的占75．9％；③定期检查的占10．8％，从未洁过牙的占60．8％；④对牙结石、牙茵斑、牙周病的认知率几乎为零。结论大多数非口腔专业医务人员能掌握一般的口腔卫生知识．粟用正确的口腔清洁措施．但对专业的口腔知识知晓率低．定期检查治疗的实践率低。     

Factors influencing home health care providers' performance of oral health care for older people: A qualitative study

Aim

To examine factors that affect the performance of oral health care (OHC) for older people receiving nursing care at home.

Background

Oral health is often neglected by health care providers caring for older people. Research shows that health care providers' provision of OHC may be influenced by various factors (barriers and facilitators). When this research was conducted, health care providers from home healthcare services (HHCS) and nursing homes were grouped together despite setting differences; therefore, this study focuses on the performance of OHC by home health care providers (HHCPs) as a single group.

Design

Explorative design with a qualitative approach.

Methods

The managers of four HHCS units recruited 17 HHCPs to participate in focus group interviews. One interview was conducted per unit, and there were four to five participants in each interview. The analysis of interviews was based on theoretical thematic analysis and the PRECEDE constructs in the PRECEDE–PROCEED model. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were used in reporting this study.

Findings

The analysis resulted in two themes with predisposing factors (HHCPs' professional responsibilities, older people's attitude), five themes with enabling factors (knowledge and skills, older people/carer trust, available time, available equipment and collaboration with public dental service (PDS)), and two themes with reinforcing factors (routines and OHC focus on the workplace) that affect the provision of OHC. The factors were categorised as individual, organisational and collaboration factors.

Conclusions

In addition to individual factors found in previous studies, factors related to the organisation of services and communication between HHCPs and PDS seem to affect HHCPs' provision of OHC for adults receiving HHCS.

Implications for Practice

This study provides in-depth knowledge that can contribute to increasing HHCPs' provision of OHC and thereby prevent oral and dental disease among older people receiving HHCS.     

居家失能老人照顾者照护知识调查分析

目的：了解上海市天平街道居家失能老人居家照顾者呼吸道感染预防护理知识知晓情况。方法：向本街道80位居家失能老人的家庭照顾者和21位社区为老服务志愿者发放问卷调查表。结果：家庭照顾者照护知识及技能普遍较低,无法满足居家失能老人的护理需要。结论：提高照顾者照护技能,是发展养老事业的必要条件。