康复护理学

060567 康复护理ADL量表的有效性研究/郑彩娥…／／护理与康复．-2005,4(1)．-5-6,10 对60例患者采用改良BI指数和康复护理ADL评定两种量表进行测评,用pearson分析计算入院、出院、出入院改变值及改变值之间相关性,对康复护理ADL 量表各项目计算组内相关系数。结果:两量表在出入院评测结果有较高相关性,人院时r=0．947,P<0．001,出院时r=0．944,P<0．001;出入院改变值呈显著相关,r     

康复护理ADL评定量表的信度和效度研究

目的　研究探讨康复护理ADL(ADLS RN)量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的信度与效度。方法　对 40例住院康复患者用ADLS RN量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析 ;内部一致性用Cronbachα计算 ;并分别用ADLS RN和改良的Barthel指数 (MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定 ,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。结果　ADLS RN评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好 ,重测信度和评测者之间的相关系数 (ICC)范围分别为 0 .966～ 0 .998和 0 .996～ 0 .997;内部一致性信度系数α =0 .82 2 ,各项之间α =0 .92 5 ,ADLS RN内部一致性较好。ADLS RN和MBI的比较研究得出 :出、入院ADLS RN与MBI改变值间相关性良好 ,r =0 .89,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　ADLS RN具有很高的重测信度 ,内部一致性较好 ,与MBI有良好的关联效度 ,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表,但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少.为此,浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL,RNADL)评定量表,并制定了评定内容和评定标准.目的探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度.设计重复测量设计.单位浙江省望江山疗养院,浙江省康复中心.对象2001-04/2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者.方法对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析;内部一致性用Cronbach α计算;并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性.主要观察指标RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果.结果RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好,各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0.966～0.998,r=0.996～0.997;内部一致性信度系数α=0.822,各项之间α=0.925,RNADL内部一致性较好.RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89,P＜0.001).结论RNADL具有很高的重测信度,内部一致性较好,与MBI有良好的关联效度,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表.     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景：在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表，但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少。为此，浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL，RNADL)评定量表，并制定了评定内容和评定标准。目的：探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度。设计：重复测量设计。单位：浙江省望江山疗养院，浙江省康复中心。对象：2001-04／2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者。方法：对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析；内部一致性用Cronbach α计算；并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定，用Peanson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。主要观察指标：RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果。结果：RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好，各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0．966～0．998，r=0.996-0.997；内部一致性信度系数a=0．822，各项之间a=0．925，RNADL内部一致性较好。RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出：出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89，P&;lt;0．001)。结论：RNADL．具有很高的重测信度，内部一致性较好，与MBI有良好的关联效度，是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

早期康复对脑卒中后病人日常生活活动能力的影响

目的 :探讨脑卒中发病到康复开始的间隔时间(OAI)对病人日常生活活动(ADL)能力的影响。方法 :采用回顾性研究的方法 ,分析 2 2 5例脑卒中后ADL能力的变化及相关因素。结果 :OAI与ADL入院 值呈正相关 (r =0 .14 6,P =0 .0 2 87) ,与ADL增加 值呈负相关 (r =-0 .2 5 4,P =0 .0 0 0 1) ;OAI是ADL出院值的预测因素之一。结论 :早期康复有利于病人ADL能力的提高     

脑卒中康复结局预测的临床研究

目的探讨预测脑卒中康复结局的重要因素和可靠的预测模型。方法采用回顾性研究的方法 ,对北京博爱医院1999年 1月— 2 0 0 1年 7月收治的 2 2 5例首次脑卒中患者的临床资料进行分析。患者的功能状态按照自行设计的日常生活活动能力 (activitiesofdailyliving ,ADL)量表进行评定。 结果尽管许多因素都会影响患者的功能恢复 ,但最有意义的 3个因素是年龄、入院时的功能状态 (ADL入院)和发病到康复治疗的间隔时间 (onset addmisioninterval ,OAI)。年龄较小、ADL入院 值较高、康复训练开始较早患者的ADL出院 值较高。年龄与ADL增加 值无关。预测模型 :ADL出院 =49.5 2— 0 .14×年龄 0 .66×ADL入院 -0 .0 3×发病到康复治疗间隔时间 (R2 =0 .62 ,P =0 .0 0 0 1)。结论根据此模型 ,可预测患者出院时的功能状态 (ADL出院) ,制定合理的康复目标和康复训练计划。     

不同年龄脑卒中患者康复结局的比较

目的 分析460例脑卒中患者临床资料的分析，探讨不同年龄组患者的康复结局。方法 采用回顾性研究的方法。对1994-0l／2001-12北京博爱医院收治的460例首发脑卒中患者的病历进行分析、比较&;lt;60岁和≥60岁两组患者住院时间和日常生活活动(ADL)的变化。结果 60岁及以上患者的ADL入院、ADL出院分别为44&;#177;24，67&;#177;22，均小于60岁以下患者55&;#177;23，78&;#177;17(1=4．8，5．4，P&;lt;0．0001)；ADL增加值无差异。年龄与ADL入院、ADL出院和住院时间的相关系数r和P值分别为r=-0．3l，P=0．00；r=-0．32，P=0．00；r=0．1l，P=0．Ol。结论 年龄较长的患者，入院和出院时的功能状态均较差；不同年龄的患者可获得相同程度的功能改善。年龄与ADL入院、ADL出院成负相关，与住院时间成正相关，与ADL增加不相关。     

脑卒中患者偏瘫侧下肢肌力与运动功能、平衡、步行速度及ADL的关系

目的探讨脑卒中患者偏瘫侧下肢肌力与运动功能、平衡、步行速度及日常生活活动能力 (ADL)等临床变量之间的相互关系。方法对 85例脑卒中偏瘫患者 ,用Motricity指数评测患侧下肢肌力 ;用Fugl Meyer法评测下肢运动功能 ;用Berg平衡量表测定平衡功能 ;测定 10m最大步行速度 ;用独立功能量表 (FIM )测量ADL能力。对偏瘫下肢肌力与运动功能、平衡、步行速度和ADL能力临床变量之间进行Pearson相关分析 ,然后进行逐步回归分析确定影响临床变量最重要的下肢肌力因素。结果患者偏瘫侧下肢肌力与运动功能、平衡、步行速度和ADL之间呈高度正相关 (r =0 5 92 -0 811,P <0 0 0 1) ;偏瘫侧踝屈曲肌力、膝伸展肌力和髋屈曲肌力分别是运动功能 (R2 =0 3 77,P <0 0 0 1)、平衡 (R2 =0 3 2 1,P <0 0 0 1)、步行速度 (R2 =0 173 ,P <0 0 0 1)、ADL(R2= 0 42 ,P <0 0 0 1)最重要的决定因素。结论脑卒中患者的偏瘫侧下肢肌力明显影响着患者运动功能、平衡、步行速度和ADL能力的恢复 ,合理地评价和改善偏瘫侧肌力 ,对优化康复治疗程序有重要意义。     

颈椎病临床评价量表的信度与效度研究

目的　制定一种对颈椎病患者的症状、体征和功能状态进行临床评估的临床评价量表(CASCS) ,并探讨其在颈椎病临床评价中的信度及效度。方法　对 92例颈椎病患者 (实验组 )应用CASCS与Vernon颈椎残障指数量表 (NDI)进行信度、效度和敏感度分析 ,同时应用CASCS对 2 0例正常人 (对照组 )进行评测。并对颈椎病患者康复治疗前、后的CASCS评测结果进行对比分析。结果　CASCS总积分与各条目积分间的组内相关系数 (ICC)为 0 .78～ 0 .99,信度系数Cronbachα为 0 .84。该量表与NDI有较好的相关性(r =0 .76,P <0 .0 1)。康复治疗前 ,颈椎病患者与正常人的CASCS评价结果间有极显著性差异 (t =14 .76,P <0 .0 1)。颈椎病患者康复治疗前、后的CASCS评测结果间有极显著性差异 (t =2 1.0 3,P <0 .0 1)。结论　CASCS具有较高的信度、效度和敏感度 ,是临床评价颈椎病的一种客观、行之有效的方法     

不同年龄脑卒中患者康复结局的比较

目的分析460例脑卒中患者临床资料的分析,探讨不同年龄组患者的康复结局。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,对1994-01/2001-12北京博爱医院收治的460例首发脑卒中患者的病历进行分析、比较<60岁和≥60岁两组患者住院时间和日常生活活动(ADL)的变化。结果60岁及以上患者的ADL入院、ADL出院分别为44±24,67±22,均小于60岁以下患者55±23,78±17(t=4.8,5.4,P<0.0001);ADL增加值无差异。年龄与ADL入院、ADL出院和住院时间的相关系数r和P值分别为r=-0.31,P=0.00;r=-0.32,P=0.00;r=0.11,P=0.01。结论年龄较长的患者,入院和出院时的功能状态均较差;不同年龄的患者可获得相同程度的功能改善。年龄与ADL入院、ADL出院成负相关,与住院时间成正相关,与ADL增加不相关。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.