腰椎小关节穿刺造影的初步研究

目的：分析腰椎小关节的多种造影表现，探讨其临床意义、资料和方法：选择腰腿痛患者35例，在X线电视监视下施行腰椎小关节穿刺造影及封闭治疗。结果：本方法成功率高达92％，未见并发症。可清晰显示小关节内部结构，特别是关节囊的形态改变，其中椎弓峡部不连、假性脊柱滑脱及小关节本身的某些病，变均伴有相应的改变。结论：本方法能准确、客观地反映小关节的多种形态改变，在腰腿痛的诊断及治疗中有较高价值。     

腰椎峡部裂的CT检查与表现

腰椎峡部裂 (Spondylolysis,SS)是指腰椎椎弓峡部关节间部骨质缺损 ,它在文献资料中有很多名称 [1 ] ,如腰椎崩裂、脊柱崩解、椎弓不连、椎弓根裂、椎弓根不连、及椎弓峡部不连等 ,但以腰椎峡部裂较准确且常用 ,因为它既说明了病理改变 ,又指明了病理改变的具体位置。腰椎峡部裂是引起腰腿疼痛的原因之一 ,国内报道发病率 5 %～ 7% [2 ] ,Jinkins[3] 报道成人发病率 6% ,Saiffudin[4 ] 报告成人发病率为 3 %～ 1 0 %。 X线平片虽为一种必要检查手段 ,但对无腰椎滑脱的峡部裂检出率低 ,CT作为一种较新的影像学检查手段 ,在腰椎峡部裂的诊…     

推拿结合腰腹肌锻炼治疗优秀蹦床运动员腰椎峡不连疗效观察

腰痛是影响运动员训练比赛的常见症状,而腰椎峡部不连(spondylolysis)又是腰痛的常见原因[1,2]。腰椎峡部不连系指椎骨与一侧或双侧的椎弓根或关节突间骨质连续性中断。如果同时椎体出现向前移动错位者,称之为腰椎峡部不连伴腰椎椎体滑脱,多发生于第4、5腰椎,常见于专业运动员,     

数字化断层融合诊断腰椎单纯峡部不连的临床应用价值

目的 探讨数字化断层融合（digital tomosynthesis,DTS）对诊断腰椎单纯峡部不连的临床应用价值.方法 对39例临床怀疑腰椎峡部不连的病例进行X线双斜位平片、冠状位和斜位及矢状位DTS检查,判断是否为腰椎峡部不连,评价X线平片与DTS对腰椎峡部不连诊断的敏感性和总诊断符合率,并对X线平片和DTS图像显示椎弓峡部的能力进行评价.结果 X线平片确诊腰椎峡部不连19例,8例不确定,12例排除腰椎峡部不连.32例患者经DTS确诊为腰椎峡部不连,2例不确定,5例排除腰椎峡部不连,X线平片诊断腰椎峡部不连的敏感性和总诊断符合率为55.9％、61.5％,DTS诊断腰椎峡部裂的敏感性和总诊断符合率为94.1％、94.9％,DTS的诊断符合率与X线平片比较有差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=11.08,P＜0.05）.结论 DTS可以清晰显示单纯腰椎峡部不连,与X线平片比较,能显著提高单纯腰椎峡部不连的检出率,可作为X线平片的有效补充.     

腰椎退变性(假性)滑脱的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的研究腰椎退变性滑脱的CT特征,使之与腰椎峡部裂引起的真性滑脱鉴别。方法对80例无腰椎外伤史和腰椎椎弓峡部裂史腰椎退变性滑脱的CT资料作回顾性分析。CT扫描范围从滑脱椎体椎弓开始至下位椎体上缘,所扫层面与椎间盘平行。结果 CT扫描有以下特征:①椎间盘退行性改变。②椎骨和椎小关节退行性改变,腰椎椎体边缘骨质增生及腰椎骨质疏松,椎小关节面增生硬化、关节面下囊变、碎裂、关节间隙变窄或不对称和关节囊钙化;滑脱腰椎椎弓完整,椎体及附件整体向前(后)移位,向前滑脱时,滑脱椎体下关节突向前移位,其前缘几乎与下位椎体上椎小关节突前缘相平或超出下位椎体上椎小关节突前缘,关节方向向矢状方向转化。③椎管、椎间孔和侧隐窝狭窄。④终板双重轮廓。结论腰椎退变性滑脱有其CT特征,能与腰椎峡部裂引起的真性滑脱鉴别。     

腰椎椎弓峡部裂的CT诊断

目的:分析腰椎椎弓峡部裂的CT表现,提高诊断、鉴别诊断水平.材料和方法:回顾性分析21例腰椎椎弓峡部裂的CT表现.结果:21例中,双侧19例单侧单侧2例,腰515例,腰46例.21例均表现为椎弓峡部层面关节突间的低密度裂隙,断面呈锯齿状,即"裂隙征",裂隙边缘骨质硬化,周围可见碎骨片,呈现"假肥大小关节",16例伴椎体滑脱,呈现"假性间盘突出征"及"双边征".结论:CT对腰椎椎弓峡部裂的诊断优于X线平片,并可同时显示其相关并发症.     

腰椎滑脱症的X线平片检查150例分析与探讨

目的：探讨腰椎滑脱症的X线表现及平片对其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析150例腰椎滑脱症的X线表现。结果：本组150例腰椎滑脱中，其中真性腰椎滑脱症36例，均显示椎弓峡部及关节间部骨质缺损；假性腰椎滑脱症114例，均显示椎弓峡部及关节间部骨质完整。讨论：X线平片检查是诊断腰椎滑脱症最理想的检查方法。     

椎板-椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎峡部不连的疗效分析

目的 探讨椎板-椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎峡部不连的临床疗效.方法 选取2018-05至2021-05在武警特色医学中心骨科治疗的25例腰椎峡部不连患者,峡部不连均位于L5,均采用椎板-椎弓根螺钉固定+峡部植骨治疗.随访评估患者的腰部疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),并与术前进行比较.行腰...     

问题2:腰椎滑脱的Wiltse分型及治疗原则?

解答：腰椎滑脱的Wiltse分型;(1)先天发育不良性腰椎滑脱,由于骶骨上部、小关节突发育异常或L5椎弓缺损,从而缺乏足够的力量阻止椎体前移的倾向,使其向前滑出。(2)峡部病变性腰椎滑脱,其基本病变在关节突间椎弓峡部。仅有峡部病变而椎体向前滑移者又称峡部崩裂,可分为3个亚型：峡部疲劳骨折最常见于50岁以下者;峡部狭长而薄弱,这种病变也是由于峡部疲劳骨折而引起,由于峡部重复多次的疲劳性微小骨折,其愈合时使峡部延长但未断裂,     

CT反角度扫描在腰椎滑脱诊断中的应用

目的:探讨腰椎椎弓CT反角度扫描技术在椎体滑脱诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集45例DR腰椎正侧位片发现的腰椎滑脱患者,对滑脱腰椎椎弓及相邻正常腰椎椎弓行CT反角度扫描。结果:45例腰椎滑脱患者中,椎弓峡部崩裂所致滑脱者36例,均为椎弓两侧峡部崩裂;假性滑脱者(即腰椎退行性变所致滑脱)9例。椎弓峡部崩裂性滑脱的CT征象:滑脱椎体之两侧椎弓骨环连续性中断,峡部均见宽窄不一的透亮隙影,呈"环裂征"或"裂隙征",椎管前后径增大,左右径变小。退变性滑脱的CT征象:两侧椎弓骨环完整、连续,两侧椎间关节错位,关节面毛糙、增生,关节间隙宽窄不一,部分关节腔内积气,局部黄韧带钙化。结论:腰椎椎弓CT反角度扫描对判定腰椎滑脱原因明确、直观、可靠,有极高应用价值,应作为腰椎滑脱的常规扫描方法。     

Pedicle marrow signal intensity changes in the lumbar spine: a manifestation of facet degenerative joint disease

Objective. Signal intensity changes in lumbar pedicles, similar to those described in vertebral body endplates adjacent to degenerated discs, have been described as an ancillary sign of spondylolysis on MRI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pedicle marrow signal intensity changes also occur in association with facet degenerative joint disease. Design. Eighty-nine lumbar spine MRI examinations without spondylolysis were reviewed for marrow signal intensity changes in pedicles and vertebral bodies as well as for facet degenerative joint disease. Results. Five percent (46/890) of lumbar pedicles in 23 patients had marrow signal intensity changes. Ninety-one percent (42/46) of the abnormal pedicles had adjacent degenerative joint disease of the facets, while only 21% (189/890) of normal pedicles had adjacent facet degenerative joint disease (p<0.001). Eighty-nine percent (41/46) of the pedicles with marrow signal intensity changes had adjacent degenerative disc disease. Conclusions. Pedicle marrow signal intensity changes are not a specific sign of spondylolysis; they are commonly seen with adjacent facet degenerative joint disease in the absence of spondylolysis. Pedicle marrow signal intensity changes are probably a response to abnormal stresses related to abnormal motion or loading caused by the degenerative changes in the spinal segment. Received: 2 May 2000 Revision requested: 18 July 2000 Revision received: 25 August 2000 Accepted: 1 September 2000     

Facet joint arthrography in lumbar spondylolysis: anatomic basis for spread of contrast medium

Facet arthrograms in patients with lumbar spondylolyses show spread of contrast medium through pars interarticularis defects into the adjacent ipsilateral facet joint space and across the midline into the contralateral joint space. Transverse and sagittal sections of facet joints from 141 postmortem lumbar spines were studied. Five examples of spondylolysis were found. Anatomic studies of the relationship of the joint recesses to the pars interarticularis demonstrated the basis for the patterns of spread of contrast medium observed radiographically in this and previous series. The pars interarticularis forms the only boundary between the inferior recess of one facet joint and the superior recess of the adjacent joint. Fracture through the pars interarticularis establishes communication between adjacent ipsilateral joints and opens a communication to the retrodural space, through which contrast medium can track to the contralateral joint.     

Arthrography of the lumbar facet joints

The injection of anesthetics and/or steroids into the lumbar facet joints has been advocated in the management of low back pain. During this procedure, arthrography was performed in 70 joints of 27 patients with osteoarthritis and 3 patients with bilateral spondylolysis of a lower lumbar vertebra. The size of the recesses surrounding the facets is emphasized, particularly at the medial aspect of the joint, near the intervertebral foramen. The articular capsule nearly always bursts during or after arthrography, and the path followed by the leaking contrast medium provides an explanation of how injected anesthetics and steroids act in relieving low back pain. Leakage can occur at the lateral aspect of the joint, where the branches of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve pass, or at the medial side, where the opacification of a joint near a spondylolysis, the contrast medium may spread into the adjacent joint through the defect.     

腰椎小关节退变的CT诊断

目的确定cT扫描对诊断腰椎小关节退变的可行性。方法208例临床疑诊腰椎小关节退变患者于临床症状出现后1个月～1a内均接受了螺旋cT扫描。结果cT扫描证实，208例中有313个腰椎小关节发生改变。腰椎小关节退变的cT表现主要是关节突增生肥大合并骨赘形成，椎小关节间隙变窄或消失，关节腔内“真空征”，关节面毛糙硬化，小关节半脱位，以及伴发椎间盘突出、膨出，黄韧带肥厚和钙化等。结论螺旋cT扫描可准确显示腰椎小关节的形态、结构及其异常改变，能为腰椎小关节退变的早期诊断提供可靠依据。     

Spondylarthrography: the demonstration of spondylolysis by apophyseal joint arthrography

Twenty selected patients with spondylolysis have been studied following apophyseal joint arthrography. In each instance a communication with the defect of the pars interarticularis was demonstrated by the extension of contrast medium from injection into the adjacent facet joint. The clinical and radiological features are described. The anatomical basis of the abnormality is presented using macroscopic and radiographic correlation from a dissected cadaveric specimen of spondylolysis. Sixty-five per cent of the patients experienced significant relief of pain symptoms when long-acting local anaesthetic was introduced into the facet joint.     

The value of fat saturation sequences and contrast medium administration in MRI of degenerative disease of the posterior/perispinal elements of the lumbosacral spine

Degenerative-inflammatory lumbar spinal pathology is one of the most common reasons why individuals seek medical care, and low back pain is the main symptom among those most commonly associated with this pathologic condition. Pain is commonly attributed to degenerative disc disease, particularly herniated discs, but many different spinal and perispinal structures may undergo degenerative-inflammatory phenomena and produce pain: discs, bone, facet joints, ligaments and muscles. In particular, in patients with non-radicular low back pain, this syndrome may arise from changes of the posterior elements/perispinal tissues of the lumbar spine (i.e., the “posterior vertebral compartment”). They include: facet joint pathology (e.g., osteoarthritis, joint effusion, synovitis and synovial cysts), spondylolysis, spinal/perispinal ligamentous degenerative-inflammatory changes and perispinal muscular changes. It is well known that magnetic resonance is the most sensitive imaging method for the evaluation of spinal degenerative pathology, even in the initial stages of the disease. T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation, and when indicated the use of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images with fat saturation, permit the visualization of degenerative-inflammatory changes of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine that in most cases would have been overlooked with conventional non-fat suppressed imaging.     

腰椎关节突不对称与椎间盘突出的关系

目的：探讨腰椎关节突关节的不对称性对腰椎间盘突出症的病因学意义。材料和方法：通过７６例正常人与１５８例腰椎间盘突出症患者的ＣＴ资料研究，测量关节突关节角度。结果：７６例正常人中有１９例存在关节突关节不对称，占２５％，而１５８例腰椎间盘突出症患者中则有９６例，占６０．７％；旁侧型椎间盘突出方向多偏向于关节突关节面近冠状位侧，二者具有显著性差异。结论：腰椎关节突关节的不对称与腰椎间盘突出有明显关联性     

MR imaging of the pars interarticularis

MR imaging of the lumbar spine has become a useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of low back pain. However, bone abnormalities are more difficult to detect than soft-tissue lesions, such as herniated disk. We reviewed 14 MR images of the lumbar spine in adults with spondylolisthesis. These were correlated with CT scans and plain films in all cases. From the CT scans and plain films we found that seven patients had spondylolysis and that seven had other causes for their spondylolisthesis. It was our opinion that the MR images suggested an abnormality of the pars interarticularis in all seven of the cases confirmed to have spondylolysis and in six of the seven patients that did not have spondylolysis. We also studied four cadaver lumbar spine, obtained as blocks of tissue, and scanned in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes with MR and in the sagittal and axial planes with CT. The tissue blocks were then sectioned in the sagittal plane. Spondylolysis is suggested on sagittal MR images when there is an inability to resolve the marrow signal in the pars as uninterrupted from the superior to the inferior facet. This is caused by a dark signal on all pulsing sequences in the pars resulting from marginal sclerosis at the site of the break. If there is also a gap at the site of the break then there will also be an increased signal in the gap resulting from the presence of soft tissue. We found four situations in which the pars can simulate spondylolysis on sagittal MR images: (1) sclerosis of the neck of the pars: (2) partial volume imaging of the degenerative spur of the superior facet slightly lateral to the pars; (3) partial facetectomy; and (4) osteoblastic metastatic replacement of the marrow of the pars.     

腰椎小关节退变的CT诊断及临床意义

目的探讨CT的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法回顾153例腰椎小关节退变的临床症状与诊断,分析椎小关节退变的CT影像改变,进行重新认识、领会与提高。结果椎小关节退变CT影像表现为:小关节突的骨质增生、硬化、骨赘形成,关节软骨侵蚀,关节间隙狭窄、积气,关节面下小囊变及周围筋膜、韧带的钙化等。结论 CT扫描可准确显示腰椎小关节形态、结构等退行性改变,在目前临床医师未足够重视的情况下,运用CT的高分辨特性,对椎小关节退变的早期诊断提供可靠依据,充分提高他们对椎小关节退变的认识,为临床医师正确治疗反复腰腿痛的患者提供很好的帮助。