学习障碍儿童临床分析

目的了解学习障碍儿童的临床表现.方法根据学习障碍的诊断标准,采用韦氏儿童智力量表,对95例学习障碍儿童临床表现进行分析.结果学习障碍儿童虽然总智商基本在正常范围内,但言语智商与操作智商之间差异有显著性.结论学习障碍儿童智力构成各要素发展水平均与正常儿童有差异.     

药学专业学生自主学习能力调查分析与对策研究

目的 了解普通高等院校药学专业学生自主学习的现状,分析学生自主学习的特点,探讨提高其自主学习能力的方法和策略,为进一步提高药学专业本科生自主学习能力提供依据.方法 选择湖北医药学院药学专业大一至大四学生作为调查对象,使用学习动机策略问卷(MSLQ)进行自主学习能力测评.结果 大一至大四学生自主学习能力得分率分别为0.6...     

贵阳市3609名中学生心理卫生现况研究

目的了解贵阳市城区中学生心理卫生状况,为中学生心理健康教育与心理干预提供依据。方法应用中学生心理健康量表（MSSMHS）对贵阳市城区8所中学初一至高三年级3609名中学生进行问卷调查。结果有2300名中学生心理健康（63．8％）,心理健康问题总检出率为36．2％。有1309A．（36．2％）存在不同程度心理健康问题。心理健康量表因子阳性检出率前三位分别为情绪不稳（46．2％）、学习压力（41．2％）、强迫（37．2％）。学习压力因子与其它因子存在显著相关。全体中学生心理健康量表总均分1．89±0．57,属于心理健康范围。初中生与高中生、重点中学与普通中学的初中生、初一与初三、高一与高三学生之间的得分差异有统计学意义。心理健康水平比较：女生低于男生;高中生低于初中生;普通中学初中生低于重点中学初中生。结论本研究显示中学生心理健康状况不容乐观,应及时的开展心理健康教育和心理干预来提高其整体心理健康水平,对学习压力带来的不良反应应作心理调适;对中度以上心理问题应及时深入进行心理诊断和必要的心理干预,从而预防和减少中学生心理障碍与心身障碍的患病率。     

某区中学生艾滋病认知水平的调查分析

目的了解广州市海珠区中学生艾滋病知识掌握现状,为在该区开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法,对4308名广州市海珠区中学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果中学生艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率为64.9%,男生低于女生,高中生回答正确率高于初中生(P<0.05)。艾滋病传播途径认知正确率高于非传播途径。学生获取艾滋病知识的主要来源为电视、宣传资料和报刊杂志等。结论在校中学生对于艾滋病相关知识的总体知晓率处于较低水平。学校应加强艾滋病防治知识的教育,尤其是艾滋病非传播途径方面的健康教育。     

Comparison of Learning Styles of Pharmacy Students and Faculty Members

Objectives. To compare dominant learning styles of pharmacy students and faculty members and between faculty members in different tracks.Methods. Gregorc Style Delineator (GSD) and Zubin’s Pharmacists’ Inventory of Learning Styles (PILS) were administered to students and faculty members at an urban, Midwestern college of pharmacy.Results. Based on responses from 299 students (classes of 2008, 2009, and 2010) and 59 faculty members, GSD styles were concrete sequential (48%), abstract sequential (18%), abstract random (13%), concrete random (13%), and multimodal (8%). With PILS, dominant styles were assimilator (47%) and converger (30%). There were no significant differences between faculty members and student learning styles nor across pharmacy student class years (p>0.05). Learning styles differed between men and women across both instruments (p<0.01), and between faculty members in tenure and clinical tracks for the GSD styles (p=0.01).Conclusion. Learning styles differed among respondents based on gender and faculty track.     

某县中学生艾滋病一般知识和传播途径认知调查

目的了解初二和高二学生对艾滋病一般知识和传播途径的认知现状,为学校开展艾滋病教育的内容设计提供背景资料和理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取河南省某县中学初二和高二学生995人进行问卷调查。结果男女生对艾滋病一般知识的认知没有差别,对艾滋病的传播途径的认知方面,女生对哺乳、血液、共用注射器吸毒可以传播艾滋病认知高于男生;初二学生对艾滋病的一般知识和传播途径的认知低于高二学生;农村学生对艾滋病一般知识和传播途径的认知较低。结论中学生对艾滋病相关知识有一定了解,但不全面、不系统,应根据中学生的年龄,性别及家庭背景特点开展不同内容和形式的健康教育,进一步提高中学生的认知水平。     

重点、普通高三学生情绪及相关因素分析比较

目的:探讨重点中学和普通中学高三学生情绪及相关因素状况的差异。方法:采用自编社会人口学资料表、症状自评量表(Scl-90)、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)对武汉某重点中学高三学生130名、普通中学高三学生121名进行测查。结果:①重点中学学生父母文化水平及家庭收入较普通中学低;②重点中学学生SDS得分高于普通中学,两类学生Scl-90各因子得分差异无显著性;③重点中学学生父母亲情感温暖、理解程度因子得分低于普通中学学生;④学生SDS得分与EMBU的f1f、3f、5、m1、m3有相关性。结论:重点中学学生存在较多抑郁情绪,可能与父母亲情感温暖、理解不够有关。     

某市城区中小学生营养状况的调查分析

目的了解诸城市中小学生营养状况,为学生营养不良及超重和肥胖现象的综合防治提供依据。方法根据《中小学生健康体检管理办法》等有关规定,于2010年对诸城市28628名中小学生的营养状况进行了一次基线调查。营养评价标准采用2002年《学校卫生人员培训教材》。结果营养不良者所占比例,小学生、初中生分别为2.55%、4.20%(P<0.01),男生与女生分别为3.65%、2.81%(P<0.01);超重、肥胖者所占比例,小学生与初中生分别为27.68%、25.21%(P<0.01),男生与女生分别为29.24%、23.43%(P<0.01)。结论诸城市中小学生的营养状况总体为营养缺乏和营养过剩并重,应尽快采取措施,在中小学生中开展营养不良和超重及肥胖的干预工作。     

The Parental Influence of Betel-Chewing Behavior Among Junior High School Students in Taiwan

A cross-sectional study with stratification sampling was conducted to explore the parental influence of betel-chewing behavior among junior high school students in Taichung County in 1998. The sample consisted of 2244 students in three different districts in Taichung County: the mountain line area, the seashore area; and the satellite cities area (near Taichung City). A self-reported questionnaire was filled out anonymously by the sampled students. Fifty percent of the students' fathers and 2.5% of the students' mothers are betel chewers. A higher prevalence of betel chewing is found among students whose parents are betel chewers. Also the lower the father's educational level, the higher the prevalence of betel chewing among the students. Compared with students whose fathers have more than 12 years of education, the odds ratio is 2.35 for the prevalence of betel chewing among students with fathers whose educational levels are no more than 9 years. However, parents' vocations are not related to the prevalence of betel chewing among junior high school students. Finally, students whose parents are separated or divorced have a higher prevalence of betel chewing. An effective health education program for the high-risk group students and an evaluation procedure for the effectiveness of the program is necessary to prevent the increase of betel chewing among Taiwan's youth.     

Inhalant Use and Risky Behavior Correlates in a Sample of Rural Middle School Students

Abstract

This study found 20.4% of children attending a middle school located in rural Mississippi had used inhalants to “get high,” a figure that is much larger than the national average. Many (3.4%) students reported they had used inhalants on 10 or more occasions. Inhalant use was most associated with being younger, ever smoking, riding with a driver who had been drinking, and being involved in a fight. Nearly twice as many younger students reported usage in our sample compared to other studies. Longitudinal studies need to be conducted to investigate whether use of inhalants is a precursor to other risky behaviors, and subsequent progression to alcohol abuse or illicit drug use.     

初中学生价值观及其相关因素的调查分析

目的评定初中学生的价值观状况及其相关因素分析。方法用随机抽样的方法,在四川省射洪县城地区及其中心镇所在中学的初一至三年级中各抽取一个班的学生,对抽取的1274名学生进行中国科学院心理研究所编制的《青年价值观自测问卷》测试及自编相关因素调查。结果按照该量表价值观分类标准,被调查初中学生中踏实型占62.4%、功利型占18.9%、从众型9.8%、冷漠型8.9%。踏实型的数量变化与年级的增长呈高度负相关,从众型与功利型的数量变化与年级的增长呈高度正相关,冷漠型与年级的变化无关。价值观类型的数量存在性别差异,踏实型的男生低于女生,功利型与冷漠型的男生高于女生。价值观类型的数量存在城乡差异,属功利型和冷漠型的城镇高于农村,属从众型的城镇低于农村学生。父亲的文化程度与初中学生的价值观类型的分布均呈高度相关,母亲文化程度与从众型的数量分布呈高度负相关;价值观类型的数量分布没有父母婚姻状况差异。结论初中学生的价值观以踏实型为主,功利型次之,从众型与冷漠型最少;年级的变化、性别、城乡、父母的文化状况都影响着初中学生的价值观取向,父母的婚姻状况对价值观的影响较小。