鬼臼毒素二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱前体脂质体的研制及特性观察

目的 研制鬼臼毒素二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(PPT-DPPC)前体脂质体,提高PPT-DPPC脂质体的稳定性。方法 采用冷冻干燥法,选择海藻糖做冻干剂制备PPT-DPPC前体脂质体,并考察PPT-DPPC前体脂质体水合后的形态、粒径分布、包封率和稳定性。结果 PPT-DPPC前体脂质体经水合后在电镜下呈多层多室脂质体,脂质体粒径分布均匀,平均粒径(1.45±0.38)μm,药物包封率为72.3%。分别在4℃、20℃、40℃贮存1、3、6个月,脂质体形态、粒径及包封率均无明显变化。结论 冷冻干燥法制备PPT-DPPC前体脂质体,方法简便易行,制剂粒径分布均匀、包封率高、有良好稳定性。     

低分子肝素前体脂质体制剂的研究

目的：探讨用前体脂质体法制备LMWH脂质体制剂的影响因素及质量评定。方法：以包封率为指标,用正交设计试验法研究由前体脂质成含药脂质体过程中的影响因素,并以包封率、形态、粒度、分布评估了制剂的质量,以动物试验考察了制剂的缓释性。结果：影响因素作用的大小顺序为：甘露醇用量＞类酯配比＞药物浓度＞十八胺用量,最佳工艺制剂包封率为37．3％,在电镜下为圆形或椭圆形,90％颗粒粒径小于1．2μm,动物试验表明,该制剂体内可维持8h的药物作用。结论：前体脂质体法制脂质体制剂有较高的包封率、良好的粒度分布及一定的缓释性。     

肉苁蓉总苷前体脂质体的研制

目的探讨肉苁蓉总苷前体脂质体的各项理化性质及水溶性天然药物提取物制成前体脂质体的可行性。方法采用新型前体脂质体制备技术,将水溶性药物肉苁蓉总苷制成肉苁蓉总苷前体脂质体;采用透射电镜观察形成的脂质体形态;采用粒径测定仪测定脂质体粒径;采用葡聚糖凝胶柱洗脱法测定脂质体包封率。结果电镜下脂质体呈球形,外层隐约可见有多层。脂质体粒径小,粒度分布均匀,脂质体稀释倍数越大,粒径越小,ξ电位在-21.05mV,包封率值为(24.98±0.76)%。结论新型前体脂质体制备技术可将水溶性天然药物提取物肉苁蓉总苷包封在脂质体内,初步说明前体脂质体制备具有可行性。     

齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体的制备和包封率考察

目的为研究齐墩果酸新剂型,制备齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体,并对其包封率进行考察。方法采用一种新型前体脂质体制备方法将齐墩果酸制成前体脂质体,考察前体脂质体水合后形成脂质体的形态、粒径、包封率、体外吸收等各项指标,验证这种新型前体脂质体制备方法制备齐墩果酸脂质体的可行性。结果所形成的齐墩果酸脂质体粒径小、粒度分布均匀,包封率为（85．65±7．96）％。且包封率的大小与脂质体溶液pH、药脂比有关。pH升高,包封率增大,药脂比由5：1增加到10：1时,包封率增大。离体小肠吸收实验证明,齐墩果酸脂质体与对照组相比,可显著促进药物吸收。结论新型前体脂质体制备方法可将齐墩果酸制成齐墩果酸脂质体,且形成的脂质体包封率较高,此研究为齐墩果酸脂质体的研制奠定了基础。     

低分子肝素前体脂质体制剂的研究

目的探讨用前体脂质体法制备LMWH脂质体制剂的影响因素及质量评定.方法以包封率为指标,用正交设计试验法研究由前体脂质体制成含药脂质体过程中的影响因素,并以包封率、形态、粒度分布评估了制剂的质量,以动物试验考察了制剂的缓释性.结果影响因素作用的大小顺序为甘露醇用量＞类脂配比＞药物浓度＞十八胺用量,最佳工艺制剂包封率为37.3%,在电镜下为圆形或椭圆形,90%颗粒粒径小于1.2μm,动物试验表明,该制剂体内可维持8h的药物作用.结论前体脂质体法制备的脂质体制剂有较高的包封率、良好的粒度分布及一定的缓释性.     

流化床包衣法制备灯盏花素前体脂质体的研究

目的提高灯盏花素口服生物利用度,考察流化床包衣法制备灯盏花素前体脂质体的可行性。方法采用流化床包衣法制备灯盏花素前体脂质体;超滤-HPLC法测定灯盏花素前体脂质体的包封率,考察了载体、药脂比、进口温度、喷雾速率和喷雾风量对前体脂质体包封率的影响。结果以山梨醇为载体,药脂比小于1∶3的前体脂质体包封率较高,进口温度、喷雾速率和喷雾风量对包封率均有一定影响;在较优条件下制备的前体脂质体颗粒流动性较好,粒径分布较均匀;重建的灯盏花素脂质体平均粒径为98nm,包封率为(63.1±2.8)%(n=3)。结论流化床包衣法制备灯盏花素前体脂质体是可行的。     

丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其理化性质研究

制备丹参酮ⅡA长循环固体脂质纳米粒（TA-LSLN）并考察其理化性质。方法：以乳化，溶剂挥发法制备丹参酮ⅡA固体脂质纳米粒，测定其粒径、Zeta电位和药物包封率，以透射电镜观察纳米粒形态，考察了纳米粒的稳定性，并进行TA-LSLN的体外释放试验。结果：纳米粒平均粒径为107．6nm，Zeta电位为-34．5mV，包封率为82．3％。4℃放置1个月粒径和包封率无变化。体外释药试验表明TA-LSLN开始阶段释放较快，10h时释放了41％，之后缓慢释放；体外释药结果符合Weibull方程。结论：制备的TA-LSLN平均粒径和包封率较为理想，能使药物缓慢释放。     

VEGF脂质体的制备及其药剂学性质研究

目的:制备VEGF脂质体,以提高VEGF在体内的稳定性,增加VEGF的治疗作用,并对所制备的VEGF脂质体进行药剂学性质研究。方法:采用薄膜-超声法制备了VEGF脂质体,研究其形态学、载药量、包封率以及粒径分布等性质。结果:本研究制备的脂质体包封率大于70%,载药量约为1.7%,平均粒径为480 nm,粒径范围为330 nm~780 nm,电子透射显微镜下观察脂质体形态,为粒径比较均匀的球状或近球状小囊泡。结论:VEGF脂质体属于大单室脂质体,包封率和载药量相对较高,质量稳定,重现性好。     

盐酸小檗碱脂质体制备与质量评价研究

目的：制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体,并对其质量进行评价。方法：采用薄膜分散-pH梯度-探头超声法制备盐酸小檗碱脂质体,测定其包封率和粒径,以透射电镜观察脂质体形态。结果：盐酸小檗碱脂质体平均粒径为（158±5）nm;盐酸小檗碱包封率为91．8％。结论：结果表明脂质体粒径均一,体系稳定。     

齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体的制备和性质研究

目的 为了研究齐墩果酸新剂型,制备齐墩果酸新型前体脂质体,并对其体外性质进行考察.方法 采用一种新型前体脂质体制备方法将齐墩果酸制成前体脂质体,考察了前体脂质体水合后形成脂质体的形态、粒径、包封率、体外吸收等各项指标,验证了这种新型前体脂质体制备方法制备齐墩果酸脂质体的可行性.结果 所形成的齐墩果酸脂质体粒径小、粒度分布均匀,包封率为(85.65±7.96)%.且包封率的大小与脂质体溶液pH、药脂比有关.pH升高,包封率增大,药脂比由5:1增加到10:1时,包封率增大.离体小肠吸收实验证明,齐墩果酸脂质体与对照组相比,可显著促进药物吸收.结论 新型前体脂质体制备方法可将齐墩果酸制成齐墩果酸脂质体,且形成的脂质体包封率较高,体外促吸收作用良好,此研究为齐墩果酸脂质体的研制奠定了基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.