The treatment of intrahepatic calculosis by applying helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope: a report of 30 cases

Background and aims Intrahepatic lithiasis is a common disease in southeast Asia [Sheen-Chen and Chou, Acta Chir Scand 156:387–390, 1990], and a difficult problem of biliary surgery. There is no established method of treating patients with intrahepatic stones [Uchiyama et al., Arch Surg 137:149–533, 2002]. In recent years, resection of the affected liver lobe or segment is the best therapeutic option to completely remove the source of recurrent infection. The need for endoscopic treatment modalities is evident because hepatic resections are combined with a high morbidity and mortality rate [Andersson et al., HPB Surg 2:145–147, 1990; Adamek et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 34:1157–1161, 1999]. Hepatic resection only fit the cases in which the stones localized in one lobe or segment, while it doesn’t fit the cases which have polystones in left and right biliary tract. Duodenoscope can only get the stones in the common bile duct and cannot deal with the intrahepatic lithiasis. The management of intrahepatic lithiasis can only be treated by intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscope. For big stones or compact stones, lithotripsy should be applied. But the laser lithotripsy and the electrohydraulic lithotripsy can cause serious complications such as perforation of bile duct. It needs a safer and more reliable treatment for intrahepatic lithiasis. The aim of our work is to study the lithotrity treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis by using helix hydro-jet under Video Choledochoscope.Materials and methods From March 31, 2003 to October 20, 2004, 30 intrahepatic stone patients were treated. Eighteen of them were women and 12 were men, with ages ranging from 35 to 80 years (mean, 58 years). According to B ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan report, there were five cases of intrahepatic lithiasis and common bile duct stones, 25 cases of left and right hepatic duct stones, and one case with giant intrahepatic stone (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm). Intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy was applied through a video choledochoscope. For the patients to have the intraoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by B ultrasound or CT scan. The biliary tract reconstruction by spiral CT scan is as helpful as MRCP or ERCP for clinical diagnosis. For the patients to have the postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by T-tube cholangiography and BUS and CT scan. All patients should be verified without stones remaining in the bile duct after lithotripsy by choledochoscopic examination and T-tube cholangiography, and should be examined by BUS again after 6 months to 1 year. We decide whether complications occurred by observation of symptoms and signs after choledochoscopy and lithotripsy.Results Seventy-five intrahepatic stones with diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 cm were successfully fragmentized in 30 patients using of helix hydro-jet lithotripsy. These fragmentized stones mainly are bilirubin stones. The lithotripsy was carried for 45 times and the procedure needs 1–1.5 h. Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy are used in 16 cases during operation and 12 cases after operation; two cases during operation and after operation. Intrahepatic calculosis was cleaned out completely and verified by postoperative choledochoscope examination and postoperative T-tube cholangiography examination. No complications were observed.Conclusion Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope is a safe and effective method for the removal of intrahepatic stone. No bile duct damnified and perforation was observed. The procedure is without pain and heat, and the pressure can be adjusted easily. The research provides a new way of using the helix hydro-jet, and a new way of curing the intrahepatic lithiasis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

Reoperative surgery in cholelithiasis

From 1965 to 1980, reoperations for residual or recurrent stones were performed on 78 out of 962 Japanese patients with cholelithiasis. The majority of patients who required reoperation had intrahepatic stones. Most of the causes of reoperation were residual stones due to incomplete removal or the non-detection of intrahepatic stones at the previous surgery. Very careful examination of the intrahepatic biliary trees should be done in patients with biliary tract diseases, because in many, the first operation was done during their youth. To remove the intrahepatic calculi completely, hepatic lobectomy should be considered as a final procedure. The causes of reoperation of common duct stones were residual in 60 per cent and recurrent in 40 per cent. Definitive surgery should be done at the first or at least the second operation to avoid irreversible hepatic disorders which have untoward effects on the prognosis. It is important not only to remove the stones but also to relieve the bile stasis in the biliary tract.     

Integrated treatment of secondary hepatolithiasis. Case report

Hepatolithiasis is defined as the occurrence of stones proximal to the biliary confluence and represents a prevalent disease in South East Asia being uncommon in Western countries. Biliary sepsis, hepatic abscesses and cholangiocarcinoma are considered potential complications. The Authors describe a case of a 68 years male patient affected by a left massive intrahepatic lithiasis secondary to common duct stones and associated to acute pancreatitis. The patient refused surgery and was submitted to a conservative transhepatic percutaneous treatment. After a complete removal of intrahepatic stones and a positioning of external internal biliary drainage (14F), a laparoscopic cholecistectomy was performed. The MRI control showed a complete resolution of the intrahepatic lithiasis. Conservative transhepatic percutaneous approach to hepatolithiasis represents a safe and effective treatment allowing good medium-long term results. Surgery is recommended in case of severe hepatic fibrosis or atrophy, suspected cholangiocarcinoma or multiple strictures with biliary distorsion. Integrated therapeutical protocols in referral multidisciplinary centers-offers the best long term results.     

肝尾叶胆管结石的术中诊断与处理

目的 探讨肝尾叶胆管结石的术中诊断与手术处理方法。方法 回顾性总结19例尾叶胆管结石的诊疗经验。结果 全组均在术中明确诊断，右尾叶结石11例，左尾叶结石6例，双尾叶结石2例。合并左肝管结石2例，右肝管结石2例，左右肝管结石15例。10例合并尾叶胆管口狭窄者行尾叶胆管切开成形，肝胆管盆式Roux-en-Y吻合术；其余9例行左右肝管切开尾叶胆管取石，经胆总管T管或胆道气囊导管引流。无手术死亡，无并发症，术后15～18d经胆道造影，无结石残留，间歇夹管至术后21～28d后拔管。平均随访42．44（12～60）月，4例偶有腹痛，近远期疗效满意，无复发。结论 尾叶胆管结石术前易漏诊。术中诊查是发现尾叶胆管结石简便而有效的方法。充分显露、谨慎切开尾叶胆管口狭窄、取尽结石、通畅引流，是防止尾叶胆管结石残留的重要措施。     

肝内胆管结石57例治疗体会

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石治疗方式的合理性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2006年11月至2010年8月为57例肝内胆管结石病人手术的临床资料.结果 全部57例中,行肝部分切除33例(57.89%),附加T管引流术48例(84.21%),附加胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术9例(15.79%).术后复查残留结石7例(12.28%)...     

术中超声在肝癌和肝内外胆管结石手术中的应用分析

目的分析术中超声在肝癌和肝内外胆管多发结石手术中的应用价值。方法对术前超声诊断为肝癌的患者51例和肝内外胆管多发结石患者65例，采用术中超声进行重新检查和定位，并结合术中所见和术后病理进行对比观察。结果51例肝癌患者术后病理柃查共发现肝内肿瘤结节70个，术中超声发现率97．1％（68／70），高于术前超声82．9％（58／70）（P〈0．05）；其中小于2cm肿块的发现率术中超声为90．5％（19／21），明显高于术前超声47．6％（10／21）（P〈0．01）；静脉瘤栓的发现率术中超声为92．3％（12／13），高于术前超声46．2％（6／13）（P〈0．01）。胆内外胆管结石患者手术时，术中超声发现了5例术前未能准确定位的结石，鉴别了4例肝内钙化，并有9例于肝叶（段）切除术后经术中超声证实结石残留而获进一步处理。结论术中超声对肝脏细小病变显示率高，定位准确，对指导术者正确把握切除范围和界线有实用价值。     

Primary intrahepatic lithiasis: report of a case treated by laparoscopic bilioenteric anastomosis

Recent advances in videolaparoscopic surgery have made this method the treatment of choice for many biliary diseases. However, it has not been used in certain cases, such as primary intrahepatic lithiasis. The authors report a case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of several episodes of cholangitis. Investigation revealed dilated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts with intrahepatic stones. The patient underwent laparoscopy, and intraoperative cholangiography disclosed an enlarged common duct with absence of stones and the presence of multiple calculi in the intrahepatic biliary tree. A choledochotomy followed by choledochoscopy was performed, which revealed several intrahepatic pigmented stones that were completely retrieved, followed by a laterolateral choledochoduodenostomy to decompress the biliary tree and to allow the migration of residual or recurrent stones. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. After 15 months of follow-up the patient is asymptomatic with normal results of liver function tests. Late postoperative upper digestive endoscopy showed a patent choledochoduodenostomy.     

Common bile duct lithiasis. Reflections apropos of 1000 cases

One thousand case reports of patients treated in eleven French surgical departments for stones in the common bile duct between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed. One in three cases were asymptomatic and detected by peroperative radiology during treatment of a simple or complicated gallstone, most forms were painful, with jaundice in 9 p. cent, an angiocholitis in 12 p. cent, and biliary pancreatitis in 2 p. cent. The most reliable exploratory procedure for gallstones is ultrasound imaging, as positive results were obtained in 90 p. cent of cases, but it enabled the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in only one out of five patients. Intravenous cholangiography is a useful diagnostic tod for painful forms (60 p. cent). The failure of these two methods to establish the diagnosis in forms complicated by jaundice, pancreatitis, or angiocholitis has to be compared with the good results (85 p. cent) observed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Treatment was surgical in 99 p. cent of patients, peroperative radiology being performed in 95 p. cent of these cases and endoscopy in 30 p. cent. In one out of two cases a single large stone was present while multiple stones were present in 8 p. cent. A "ideal" choledochotomy was carried out in 77 patients (7,7 p. cent) without mortality. External biliary drainage in 702 cases resulted in a 1.7 p. cent mortality rate, this increasing to 8 p. cent after 192 biliodigestive shunt operations, and 7 p. cent after 146 sphincterotomies, including 18 under endoscopic control. Unrecognized lithiasis, detected during follow-up radiography two weeks after external biliary drainage, accounted for 2-8 p. cent of cases. Of the 30 patients with residual stones and open biliary pathways, 6 were treated by mechanical removal, 6 by endoscopic sphincterotomy, and the others by repeat surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

经皮肝穿刺一期硬镜碎石术在治疗肝胆管结石的应用

目的：探讨经皮肝穿刺一期硬质胆镜碎石术对肝胆管结石的治疗效果。 方法：对65例肝胆管结石患者的肝胆管通过B超定位进行直接穿刺建立窦道，扩张窦道直径至16~18 F后，采用硬质胆道镜取出肝胆管结石。 结果：一次性扩张取尽结石患者达60例；2例由于右肝胆管与胆总管之间的角度<90°而放弃；术后因胆管出血行介入栓塞治疗3例；39例存在胆管狭窄（60.0%），均根据具体情况同时行相应处理。对所有治疗的患者进行26个月随访，肝胆管结石的复发率为7.7%（5/65）。 结论：经皮肝穿刺一期硬质胆镜碎石术治疗肝胆管结石安全、有效，其清除率结石的同时处理胆管狭窄可利于结石复发率降低，是一种避免传统手术治疗的可取方法。

     

Endolaparoscopic rendezvous treatment: a satisfying therapeutic choice for cholecystocholedocolithiasis

BACKGROUND: There are many different strategies for the treatment of the main bile duct lithiasis. When lithiasis of the biliary tract is suspected at a preoperative stage, we can treat patients with sequential treatment: endoscopic netrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. If common bile duct-lithiasis is recognized at an intraoperative stage, many options for treatment exist, one of which is intraoperative retrograde endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) (laparoendorendezvous). METHODS: We report our experience using the aforementioned technique with 58 patients affected by cholelithiasis and complex Common bile duct disease who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperative ES consecutively from March 1996 to May 2000. Of the 58 patients, 43 were affected by cholecystocholedocolithiasis: 12 by previously described lithiasis plus stenosant papillitis, 2 also by a pancreas head cancer, and 1 by cancer of the papilla. RESULTS: The combined technique was performed in 86% of the cases. Six patients required conversion to open surgery. In two other patients, laparoscopic choledocotomy was performed with positioning of a Kehr-tube for an ampulla-impacted lithiasis. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ES offers a valid approach to the treatment of cholecystocholedocolithiasis in one session. Furthermore, it represents a valid alternative to transcholedocical laparoscopic treatment of cholelithiasis and complex common bite duct pathology.     

Endoscopic treatment of common bile duct calculi

The endoscopic treatment of calculi of the main biliary duct (CMBD) has been performed in France since 1974. One of us (Cl. L.) published his results with a series of 323 patients in 1979. The stones were extracted in 86.5% of all cases, the failures being caused by the impossibility to perform endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in 4.3% of cases or to extract the stones in 9.2%. Since that date, a number of factors helped improving the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment: the increasing experience of the surgeons, the improvement of endoscopes, especially more appropriate optics (wide angle and 15 degrees retrograde vision) and the endoscopic approach of the biliary tract, the use of intraoperative radiology allowing access to the biliary tract in all cases, and the development of extra- and intracorporeal lithotrity solving the problem of stones that cannot be extracted by conventional means. This work is aimed at demonstrating the current possibilities of the endoscopic treatment of lithiasis of the CMBD in a Hospital using plain radiology and lithotrity.     

胆道镜治疗术后肝内胆管结石并狭窄13年经验总结：附697例报告

目的:总结胆道镜治疗术后肝内胆管结石并狭窄的经验,提高肝内胆管结石并狭窄的治疗效果。方法:回顾2000年1月—2012年12月应用胆道镜经T管窦道治疗术后肝内胆管结石并狭窄的697例患者临床资料,分析技术要点,评价疗效。结果:672例患者取净结石,结石取净率96.4%。胆道镜共发现1 306支肝内胆管狭窄,其中1 297支狭窄得到解除,狭窄解除率99.3%。狭窄解除、结石取净后患者胆管壁恢复光滑。9例患者出现严重并发症,均经治疗后痊愈。结论:规范的胆道镜治疗能有效解除术后肝内胆管狭窄,取净结石;肝内胆管狭窄的发现及处理是胆道镜治疗的优势,应根据不同狭窄类型分别对待;萎缩肝段切除和术中取石在肝内胆管结石治疗中仍具有重要作用。     

Intraoperative biliary exploration through the left hepatic duct orifice during left hepatectomy in patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis

Background and aims Left-sided hepatolithiasis often requires left hepatectomy and exploration of the common bile duct and right hepatic duct. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of alternative method of bile duct exploration other than choledochotomy. Materials and methods A prospective study involving 50 cases of left hepatectomy for left or bilateral intrahepatic stone was performed. Left hepatic duct (LHD) orifice was used as primary access route for biliary exploration. Choledochotomy was performed only for large common bile duct stones, variant bile duct anatomy, or intentional T-tube insertion for later removal of residual stones. Results In 44 patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis, biliary exploration through LHD orifice was performed in 40 (90.9%); T-tube choledochotomy was required in three (9.1%). There was neither residual stone nor major surgical complication except infection, and recurrence occurred in one patient during mean follow-up of 32 months. On the other hand, T-tube choledochotomy was performed in three of six patients with bilateral hepatolithiasis (50%). Three patients had residual stones, and two of them were treated by cholangioscopy through the T-tube tract. Recurrence occurred in two patients. Conclusion We think that intraoperative biliary exploration through LHD orifice in left-sided hepatolithiasis patients is an effective approach simplifying the operation procedure by avoiding choledochotomy and subsequent T-tube insertion.     

Complications of biliary surgery

Procedures on the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract were the most frequently performed operations in a series of 1500 consecutive abdominal operations done in community hospitals. The operative mortality rate for elective cholecystectomy was 0.3 per cent. The complication rate was 21.4 per cent for cholecystectomy. Patients requiring emergency cholecystectomy had significantly more urinary tract and intra-abdominal problems than those patients who underwent surgery electively. Operative cholangiography was performed during 20.3 per cent of the elective cholecystectomies. There were no biliary tract complications among the cholecystectomy patients who had cholangiography. When this study was not performed, 1.5 per cent of the patients had postoperative bile duct problems. Older surgeons (greater than 60 years of age) and high volume surgeons (greater than 300 cases/year) were significantly less likely to employ cholangiography. The mortality rate for elective common duct exploration was 4.4 per cent, with a complication rate of 60 per cent. There was a 13.3 per cent incidence of retained stones after choledochotomy, though this problem was readily managed by percutaneous extraction through the T-tube tract. Complex biliary tract procedures were performed electively without mortality, though the complication rate for these procedures was 35.3 per cent. Two-thirds of the patients undergoing complex biliary tract operations on an emergency basis died. Board certified general surgeons had the same mortality and complication rates for cholecystectomy as well as common bile duct exploration. Noncertified surgeons had significantly more intraabdominal complications after complex biliary tract procedures compared to their board certified colleagues.     

Percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones

BACKGROUND: Treatment of hepatolithiasis is complex and difficult. With the advent of biliary endoscopy and radiological intervention, percutaneous choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones has become a well established procedure. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with intrahepatic stones that were removed by percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy (PTCS) between 1993 and 2001 were studied retrospectively. The results of the procedure and the long-term outcome of these patients were analysed. RESULTS: The success rate of choledochoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones was 76.8 per cent. Complications occurred in 17 patients (21.5 per cent). Removal of stones predominantly on the right side was difficult using this method. Cholangitis occurred in about one third of patients within 3-5 years after PTCS. For patients with a stricture, cholangitis recurred gradually over the years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Intrahepatic stricture was the major determinant for the recurrence of stones or symptoms. Hepatic resection should be offered to these patients if the disease is localized in one liver segment or lobe. In other cases, percutaneous choledochoscopy and stricture dilatation is a useful solution, and may reduce further damage to the liver.     

肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石316例报告

目的总结用肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的经验及评价其疗效。方法回顾性分析近20年间采用肝部分切除术治疗原发性肝内胆管结石316例的临床资料,统计结石的分布、术式选择、术后并发症及治疗效果。肝切除术式采用左外叶切除192例(60.76%),左半肝切除58例(18.35%),肝方叶切除12例(3.80%),右前叶切除6例(1.90%),右后叶切除25例(7.91%),右半肝切除9例(2.85%),双侧多区段肝切除14例(4.43%);其中附加胆肠内引流术184例(58.23%)、经肝实质切开取石4例。结果全组手术后发生并发症56例(17.72%),包括胆漏、胆道出血、膈下脓肿等。术后1个月内分别因应激性溃疡、肝肾衰竭、二重感染并多器官衰竭死亡各1例(0.95%)。258例获11个月至18年的随访,平均随访10.3年,优良率90.31%。结论规则性肝叶/段切除是治疗原发性肝胆管结石的有效手段。     

Endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the management of pancreatobiliary lithiasis

Background: Clinical evaluation of intraoperative endoscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) in the management of 13 patients with pancreatobiliary lithiasis was undertaken. Methods: Ten patients with chronic pancreatitis with intraductal lithiasis in the head and three with biliary lithiasis (one choledochal, one cystic, one right intrahepatic) underwent intraoperative endoscopy with EHL. Shock waves were applied by visual contact with a 3-Fr gauge EHL probe until all stones were fragmented and irrigated free. All pancreatitis patients had failed ERCP attempts to stent their pancreatic ducts secondary to ductal lithiasis. Patients with pancreatic stones underwent lateral pancreatojejunostomy. Biliary stone patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with common duct exploration (two cases) and open cholecystectomy with choledochoduodenostomy (one case). Results: Intraductal stone eradication was successful in all patients. Transampullary visualization of the duodenum was achieved in eight cases. Average EHL time was 65 min. There was no evidence of postoperative pancreatitis, cholangitis, or retained common duct stones. Conclusion: Intraoperative pancreatobiliary endoscopy with EHL is safe and effective in the eradication of pancreatic and bile duct stones. This novel technique represents a valuable adjunct in the management of chronic fibrocalcific pancreatitis with ductal lithiasis in the head region and in the open and laparoscopic management of intra- and extrahepatic bile duct stones. Received: 3 April 1997/Accepted: 25 September 1997     

Contribution of surgical endoscopy and extrahydraulic lithotripsy in complex biliopancreatic lithiasis]

Surgical endoscopy combined with electro-hydraulic lithotripsy was done on 17 patients selected for complex multiple bilio-pancreatic lithiasis. In the biliary tract (7 patients), per operatory lithotripsy was performed on 3 patients (impacted main duct stones n = 2, impacted left hepatic stones n = 1); it was done through a T-tube in 1 young patient with an impacted stone in the ampulla and percutaneously in 3 patients (1 gall bladder and 2 intra hepatic lithiasis, one of them with biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension). Four of this patients had had iterative surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy or retrograde endoscopy. Complete desobstruction was obtained in all patients with minimal morbidity (minor hemobilia n = 2, hemorrhage from oesophageal varicose n = 1). In the pancreas, the technique was performed on 10 patients with impacted stones in the Wirsung duct and cephalic obstruction. Mean duct diameter was 7 mm. Complete desobstruction was obtained in 9 cases and endoscopic maneuvers were associated with "double stream" operation: sphincterotomy and cephalic desobstruction plus latero-lateral wirsungo-jejunostomy. Morbidity was small (minor hemorrhage n = 3). To conclude, endoluminal electro-hydraulic lithotripsy is an interesting adjuvant technique for the treatment of obstruction from stones in complex bilio-pancreatic lithiasis, either during open surgery or trans-cutaneously.     

胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗肝内胆管结石的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石的效果及临床价值。方法:回顾分析2008年6月至2012年6月124例胆道结石患者的临床资料,其中60例行腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光碎石术(观察组),64例行传统开腹手术,术中配合胆道镜取石,未使用钬激光(对照组)。结果:观察组中58例(96.7%)结石完全取净,手术时间平均(98.93±10.66)min,平均住院(8.3±1.7)d,术后残余结石2例,经T管窦道胆道镜再次取石成功。对照组中38例(59.4%)取净结石,手术时间平均(122.8±13.43)min,平均住院(13.98±1.49)d;残余结石26例,术后经T管窦道胆道镜再次取石,其中6例经2次取石,3次、4次取石及再次开腹手术各2例。两组患者手术时间及住院时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后胆道出血、肝功能异常、腹水等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下胆道镜联合钬激光治疗肝内胆管结石具有患者创伤小、康复快、碎石确切、安全有效等优点,为治疗肝内胆管结石开辟了新的治疗途径。     

微创治疗肝硬化患者肝内外胆管结石探讨

目的探讨微创疗法在治疗合并有肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者的疗效及应用价值。方法总结2008年1月-2012年12月,行腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗的肝内外胆管结石的患者,根据是否合并有肝硬化,分为两组,其中合并有肝硬化的患者为肝硬化组,患者数目为16例;无合并肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者为对照组,患者数目为42例。对于合并有肝硬化的患者进行术前Child-Pugh分级,对于C级的患者进行保肝、消除腹水等综合治疗后,尽量纠正肝功能为B级或A级,然后两组患者均进行腹腔镜胆道镜引导下钬激光碎石治疗,然后比较两组患者的手术资料：手术时间、术中出血量、术中中转开腹的手术例数、住院天数、胆道出血例数、胆瘘的例数、结石残留情况、胆汁性腹膜炎例数及胆管狭窄等指标。结果肝硬化组患者的结石残留明显多于对照组（P〈0.05）,经T管窦道胆道镜取石后均清除干净,此时的残石率无明显区别,两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术中中转开腹例数、住院天数、胆道出血、胆瘘、胆汁性腹膜炎及胆管狭窄等指标无显著性意义。结论该微创疗法同样适合于合并有肝硬化的肝内外胆管结石患者。