肺内支气管囊肿的CT诊断

目的 了解肺内支气管囊肿在CT表现上的特征。资料与方法 23例经手术及病理证实的肺内支气管囊肿。男15例，女8例，年龄19-56岁，平均28岁，行CT平扫及增强扫描，层厚10mm，螺距1.0-1.5。对比剂总量80-100ml，延迟扫描40-50s。结果 分布在右肺10例，左肺13例，形态以圆形为主，可以呈葫芦状，长条状或不规则形，12例囊肿含有液体，5例含气体，4例含有气-液面，2例含有曲菌球，囊壁钙化4例，呈点状和弧线状，囊壁见有轻-中度强化，其中以含液囊肿较明显，囊肿周围气肿8例。结论 大部分肺内支气管囊肿的CT表现是有特征的，有助于术前诊断。     

先天性支气管肺囊肿CT表现特点及临床病理分析

目的:探讨先天性支气管囊肿的CT表现及临床病理特征。方法:收集15例经手术病理证实的先天性支气管肺囊肿患者的临床资料及CT表现。结果:15例中,含气6例,含液3例,含气液6例;8例单发,右肺5例,左肺3例,7例多发,右肺3例,左肺3例,1例累及双肺多叶;4例行增强扫描,3例未见强化,1例囊壁强化,囊内无强化。6例呈蜂窝型,3例呈肿块样,6例呈空腔型;2例囊壁钙化,1例周围斑片状实变影,1例囊肿外围肺野透亮度增高。病理检查:15例支气管肺囊肿镜下见囊壁内外层由柱状或假复层纤毛上皮、弹力纤维、平滑肌纤维、黏液腺、软骨组织及结缔组织组成。结论:支气管肺囊肿的CT表现具有一定特征性,有助于术前诊断。     

支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现

目的 探讨支气管源性囊肿的CT及MRI表现,以期提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 选取80例经手术病理证实的支气管源性囊肿的影像学资料,并分析总结其影像表现特点。80例患者中42例行CT增强扫描,32例行CT平扫,3例行MRI平扫,3例同时行CT增强扫描与MRI平扫。结果 80例支气管源性囊肿中,72例为含液囊肿,5例为含气囊肿,3例为含气、液囊肿。其中位于纵隔者57例,肺内14例,异位9例。病灶呈类圆形、条形或分叶形。11例病灶囊壁可见点状、条状钙化。行CT增强扫描12例囊壁有轻度强化;行MRI平扫T2WI均呈高信号,T1WI呈等、稍低或稍高信号。结论 支气管源性囊肿的CT和MRI表现有一定的特点,病灶无明显强化、囊壁钙化灶及磁共振T2WI呈明显高信号等影像表现,对于其诊断和鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

先天性支气管囊肿的影像诊断

目的：探讨先天性支气管囊肿的影像学表现特征。方法：回顾性分析24例经手术病理证实的先天性支气管囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 图像。18例行 CT 增强扫描,6例行 CT 平扫,其中5例加行 MRI 平扫,2例行 PET-CT 扫描。结果：24例先天性支气管囊肿包括肺内型5例和纵隔型19例。病灶呈圆形、椭圆形、“D”字形或分叶形;11例病变位于典型部位,包括右侧气管7例和隆突下4例;13例病变位于不典型部位,包括前纵隔4例、食管旁2例、脊柱旁1例、心包旁1例和两下肺5例。以 CT 值20 HU 为囊、实性病变分界值,5例为囊性（CT 值＜20 HU）,19例为实性（CT 值＞20 HU）;边缘钙化3例;内部分层4例。病变 T1 WI 呈低、等或高信号,T2 WI 均呈显著高信号,3例显示分层。24例中误诊10例,术前诊断符合率为58．3％。结论：先天性支气管囊肿的 CT 和 MRI 表现特征有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断,并指导进一步的治疗。     

肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现,以提高诊断的准确率。方法:回顾性分析手术病理证实的9例肾上腺囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果:9例肾上腺囊肿,5例行CT检查:1例呈圆形,2例呈椭圆形,2例呈分叶状。平扫囊肿密度均匀,CT值15~35HU,3例囊壁有钙化;增强扫描囊内均无强化,2例囊壁呈环形强化,3例囊壁无强化。4例行MR平扫:均呈长T1长T2异常信号,并且囊内可见分隔,分隔与液体相比呈短T1短T2异常信号,厚薄均匀,边缘光滑。结论:CT、MRI是肾上腺囊肿定位、定性诊断较为可靠和准确的方法。     

肺内支气管囊肿的CT表现

目的 :提高对肺内支气管囊肿的影像学认识。方法 :收集20例经手术病理证实的肺内支气管囊肿,分析其CT表现特点。结果:单发15例,多发5例。CT表现为空腔型14例,球灶型1例,蜂窝型5例。14例空腔型薄壁及厚壁分别为8例、6例;1例球灶型为薄壁;5例蜂窝型囊肿壁厚薄不均。15例有曲菌球寄生,3例见囊壁钙化,2例囊腔内容物有钙化。19例囊肿周围肺组织见斑片实变影,3例见周围肺组织透亮度增高。结论:肺内支气管囊肿CT表现为肺内含气或含液囊腔影,单发或多发,临床上伴发感染多见,腔内常寄生曲菌球。     

松果体先天性囊肿的CT与MRI诊断

目的 探讨松果体先天性囊肿的CT与MRI的表现和特征。材料与方法 搜集38例松果体先天性囊肿,回顾性对照分析其CT与MRI表现。结果 38例松果体先天性囊肿均为表现为囊性病变,有完整光滑均匀的囊壁且无异常强化,囊壁信号强度变化或CT值类似于灰质;囊液为长T1长T2水样信号,CT值怀脑脊液近似。结论 MRI是诊断松果体先天性囊肿的有效方法。     

先天性支气管肺囊肿的多层螺旋CT表现

目的：探讨支气管肺囊肿CT表现及应用价值。方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的27例支气管肺囊肿的影像学表现。27例中男18例,女9例,年龄2天～13岁,平均2．6岁。27例均行X线检查及CT平扫,其中12例行CT增强扫描和／或重组,包括多平面重组（MPR）、容积再现（VR）。结果：27例中22例位于肺内,5例位于纵隔内。5例纵隔内囊肿均为单发囊性病变,液性密度;22例肺内囊肿14例为气性,7例为气液性,1例为液性,2例为气液性囊肿内有明显气液平面。囊肿直径从1cm到10cm。其中7例肺囊肿周围合并感染灶。增强扫描囊壁略有强化。MPR及VR图像可以清晰显示囊肿的位置及与气管、邻近器官的关系。结论：支气管肺囊肿可发生于气管支气管树的任何部位,CT扫描特别是CT重组能更好显示病变及与支气管、周围器官的关系。     

肺囊肿的CT表现与病理对照分析

目的:探讨肺囊肿的CT表现及CT诊断价值.材料和方法:分析经手术病理证实的肺囊肿24例(共28个囊肿)的发病部位、数目、大小、形态、密度、腔内及腔外邻近肺组织的CT表现.结果:左肺11个、右肺17个,含液囊肿8个,含气液囊肿19个,含气囊肿1个.含液囊肿增强扫描,囊壁增强,囊内无增强;囊壁钙化4个,囊内容物钙化3个,囊内出血2个; 6个病灶合并感染.结论:肺囊肿的CT表现有特征性,CT诊断价值可靠.     

Rathke囊肿的病理与临床、影像对照分析

目的 探讨Rathke囊肿病理与临床和CT、MRI表现的相关性.方法 回顾分析经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿43例的病理和CT、MRI表现及临床特征.结果 27例位于鞍内和鞍上,16例位于鞍内.CT平扫囊肿多呈边界清晰的"类圆形"或"哑铃"状肿物,其中9例低密度,9例高密度,8例等或稍高混杂密度,1例囊壁钙化;CT增强扫描有6例囊壁呈环形或边缘强化,其余无强化.MR检查18例T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,6例T1WI和T2WI均显示高信号,4例T1WI高信号,T2WI呈混杂信号.4例囊肿内结节,T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低或混杂信号.MR增强检查有9例囊壁的外缘增强.术中见肿物呈囊状,10例囊液呈脑脊液样清亮液体,15例为胶冻状咖啡色黏液,12例呈豆渣样黏稠液,6例为深褐色油状黏液.组织学分析显示部分囊液中含有脂肪结晶和脱落皮屑样物,11例HE染色可见胆固醇裂隙、凝血及肉芽组织,16例PAS染色阳性,囊液内含有黏多糖和蛋白质类物质.结论 典型的Rathke囊肿术前可以明确诊断,非典型Rathke囊肿的CT、MRI表现缺乏特异性.随着囊液组织成分的变化,影像学表现有一定的变化规律.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.