肾移植术后并发恶性肿瘤10例

我院于1991年至2006年12月共行424例肾移植，其中汉族309例，维吾尔族（维族）57例，哈萨克族（哈族）44例，俄罗斯族5例，回族4例，蒙古族2例，锡伯族2例，朝鲜族1例。424例肾移植术后并发恶性肿瘤10例，其中汉族4例，回族2例，维族2例，哈族2例。患者中女性5例，男性5例，年龄17～61岁，平均47．5岁，均为第1次接受肾移植，供者均为汉族，供、受者血型相符。术后免疫抑制方案为：     

肾移植术后恶性肿瘤4例报告

我院1992-1999年行同种异体肾移植126例，其中4例并发恶性肿瘤，现报告如下。例1男，56岁。因慢性肾小球肾炎、尿毒症并发乙肝表面抗原阳性于1996年行肾移植术，手术后肾功能3 d恢复正常，术后应用环孢素A（CsA)，硫唑嘌呤（Aza)，泼尼松（Pred)三联免疫抑制疗法。3年后突然出现上消化道出血。经胃镜及病理证实为胃印戒细胞癌，予对症治疗，3个月后因晚期胃癌带肾死亡。例2男，37岁。因慢性肾小球肾炎、尿毒症于1995年1月行肾移植术，术后肾功能恢复正常。常规使用CsA、Aza、Pred三联免疫抑制疗法。术后2年出现移植肾肾炎，增加免疫抑制…     

肾移植术后恶性肿瘤12例分析

目的　探讨肾移植后肿瘤的发病情况和防治措施。方法　回顾性分析 931例 10 15次肾移植的临床资料。结果　共发生恶性肿瘤 12例 ,发生率 1.2 8% ,于移植术后 (45 .9± 36 .8)个月 (12～ 12 4个月 )得到明确诊断 ,其中泌尿系统肿瘤 5例 ,硬脑膜小细胞癌、胰头癌、胃腺癌、肝癌、肺门鳞癌及滤泡状淋巴瘤各l例 ,另有 1例原发瘤不明的转移性肝癌。 6例获手术治疗 ,存活 (11.0± 8.8)个月 ,现仍存活 ;5例于诊断后 (4.4± 2 .7)个月死亡。结论　肾移植患者的肿瘤发生率明显增高 ,以泌尿系统的肿瘤多见 ,治疗上应尽早采取以手术为中心的综合治疗     

肾移植术后并发泌尿系统恶性肿瘤22例

目的 分析肾移植受者泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的发病情况,并探讨其发病机理及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1978年至2010年12月间肾移植受者发生泌尿系统恶性肿瘤22例的资料.结果 22例的病理检查结果分别为膀胱移行上皮细胞癌9例(其中1例第3次手术后发现转化为腺癌),膀胱鳞状细胞癌1例,膀胱腺癌1例,肾透明细胞癌3例(其中2例为双侧肾癌),肾低分化癌1例,肾盂移行细胞癌1例,肾盂+膀胱移行细胞癌1例,输尿管移行细胞癌2例,输尿管+膀胱移行细胞癌2例,输尿管移行细胞癌+膀胱腺癌1例.肾癌及输尿管癌均发生在患者原肾及输尿管.11例膀胱癌患者中9例存活,均保有全部或部分肾功能;4例肾癌患者均在发病后半年内死亡;肾盂癌、输尿管癌除2例术后早期死亡外,其余5例存活.22例发现肿瘤后1年存活率为73.7%.结论 肾移植后泌尿系统恶性肿瘤可见少见的病理类型.治疗中应注意免疫抑制剂的使用和移植肾功能保护的问题.肾实质性恶性肿瘤预后很差.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the incidence of urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients and explore the mechanism of increased incidence in China and the management. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 22 patients with urological malignancy in renal allograft recipients between 1978 and 2010. Results Twenty-two cases of urological malignancy were diagnosed by pathologic evidence, including 9 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder, 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, 1 case of adenocarcinoma of bladder, 1 case of TCC of pelvis, 1 case of TCC of bladder and pelvis, 1 case of TCC of ureter complicated with adenocarcinoma of bladder, 2 cases of TCC of ureter, 2 cases of TCC of ureter and bladder, 3 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney, and 1 case of undifferentiated carcinoma of kidney. All the malignancies belonged to native organs. All the patients suffering bladder cancer had normal function of allograft. Five patients with TCC of pelvis or ureter survived and 2 cases died early after operation. All the patients suffering renal carcinoma deceased within 6 months after diagnosis. One-year survival rate was 73. 7 % after the diagnosis of urological malignancy. Conclusion Urological malignancy ranked highest in malignancy in renal allograft recipients, and rare pathological types of urological malignancy in non-renal allograft recipients are often demonstrated. The strategy of treatment should take consideration of the relationship between the usage of immunosupressive agents and the preservation of allograft function. It is critical for the therapy of malignancies to possess satisfactory allograft function. The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is poor.     

肾移植术后并发恶性肿瘤的临床研究

１９８５～１９９６年共行同种异体肾移植术１２１１例，均采用环孢素Ａ、硫唑嘌呤及泼尼松三联免疫抑制治疗。术后发生恶性肿瘤１５例，发生率为１．２％。肿瘤发生的部位包括：皮肤、口腔、食道、胃、肺、肝以及泌尿系统，其中泌尿系统恶性肿瘤占９例。移植术后至肿瘤诊断的时间平均为２９．２个月。治疗措施为减少环孢素Ａ的用量及肿瘤切除。８例患者发生肿瘤转移，并在１年内死于肿瘤晚期。认为肾移植术后恶性肿瘤的发生及种类因种族和地域的差异而有所不同，在治疗上困难较大，可减少环孢素Ａ的用量至原用量的１／４，如病情不能控制，应以抢救生命为主。     

肾移植术后泌尿系恶性肿瘤11例报告

我院于 1 977～ 1 999年的 2 2年中共行同种肾移植术 1 1 32例 ( 1 2 86例次 ) ,术后共发生泌尿系肿瘤 1 1例 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 1 1例 ,男 4例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 2 9～ 60岁 ,平均 47岁。其中一次肾移植 1 0例 ,二次肾移植 1例。肾移植病因分别为慢性肾小球肾炎尿毒症 8例 ,慢性肾盂肾炎 3例。术前均行血液透析 ,时间 2～ 1 5个月 ,平均 4个月 ,肾移植术后所有患者肾功能均恢复正常 ( 1例第一次移植发生急性排斥反应1 2 d后切除移植肾除外 )。9例患者接受环孢素 A、硫唑嘌呤、泼尼松治疗 ,2例患者接受环孢素 A、雷公藤多甙、泼尼…     

肾移植术后并发肿瘤（四例报告）

自１９８５年２月至１９９２年８月，我院５１３例接受免疫抑制剂治疗的肾移植患者中有４例出现恶性肿瘤。以尿路肿瘤，特别是膀胱癌为主，两例死亡，两例远处转移。本文就病因学、临床治疗等进行了探讨。认为导致肾移植患者肿瘤的最关键因素是肿瘤基因病毒在免疫抑制患者的淋巴细胞异常增殖中增生，而“免疫监护系统”受到破坏，导致肿瘤的发生。提出减少免疫抑制剂如ＣｓＡ至原量的１／４，彻底清除原发病灶的治疗原则，其中２例患     

肾移植术后并发恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的：总结肾移植术后恶性肿瘤的发病情况，并探讨其预防及治疗措施。方法：回顾性分析30例肾移植术后恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果：在2500例肾移植患者中，发生恶性肿瘤30例，发病率为1．2％，其中泌尿系肿瘤所占比例最大为33．3％(10／30)，其次为消化系统肿瘤30％(9／30)，再次为皮肤癌26．7％(8／30)。结论：肾移植术后患者的肿瘤发生率显著提高，以泌尿系肿瘤最为常见。早发现、早诊断、早期采取手术治疗是提高患者生存率的关键。     

肾移植术后并发泌尿系统恶性肿瘤44例临床分析

目的：对肾移植受者并发泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的情况进行分析，探讨其防治措施。方法：回顾分析肾移植术后发生泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的44例患者的临床资料。44例受者的免疫抑制方案，11例为环孢素A（CsA）、霉酚酸酯及泼尼松（Pred）联用，1例采用CsA、咪唑立宾及Pred联用，1例采用他克莫司、咪唑立宾及Pred联用，其余采用CsA、硫唑嘌呤及Pred联用。结果：44例的肿瘤诊断时间为移植后2～273个月，中位数为39．5个月，其中肾细胞癌5例，双侧肾盂输尿管癌10例，单侧肾盂输尿管癌16例，输尿管癌1例，膀胱癌12例；共有8例出现淋巴结或远处转移。诊断肿瘤后，对免疫抑制方案进行调整，43例患者接受了手术治疗，1例由于诊断不及时，丧失手术机会。经过治疗，39例存活，5例死亡。结论：肾移植术后恶性肿瘤尤其是泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的发生率明显升高，治疗的关键在于早期诊断、及时手术，并辅以免疫抑制方案的调整。     

肾移植术后恶性肿瘤6例分析

我院1991～2 0 0 0年6月进行了肾移植35 0例,有6例发生恶性肿瘤。其中,男性4例,女性2例,年龄为38～5 6岁,平均4 6 .5岁。5例原发病为慢性肾小球肾炎,其中1例HBsAg阳性;1例为肾结核终末期。术前5例行血液透析,1例行腹膜透析。6例患者均为第1次移植,移植术前供、受者血型相同,淋巴毒试验均<10 %。此6例患者肾功能在术后3～5d恢复正常。术后免疫抑制剂的应用:4例采用环孢素A(CsA) 硫唑嘌岭(Aza) 泼尼松(Pred)三联治疗;2例采用CsA十霉酚酸酯(MMF) Pred。术后有2例曾因移植肾急性排斥接受甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,2例接受单克隆抗体治疗。术后…     

Oncological Screening of Kidney Tumors After Renal Transplantation

BackgroundAmong renal transplant recipients, renal cell carcinoma in the native kidneys represents the most common solid tumor. At the Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology of Semmelweis University annual control abdominal ultrasound examination is recommended for transplant patients. Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ultrasound screening program at our institute and to learn about the characteristics of shrunken kidney tumors.MethodsRetrospectively, we processed the results of abdominal and pelvic ultrasound examinations of 1687 kidney transplant patients, which were performed at our institute between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016.ResultsA total of 26 tumors were detected during the abovementioned period of time, of which 18 were renal cancers. Renal cancer was significantly (P = 0.029) more common in men. Seventeen renal cancers were classified as stage I and one as stage IV disease. The mean time of dialysis was 37.73 ± 24.37 months. The mean time between kidney transplantation and tumor recognition was 7.9 ± 6.29 years. The 5-year survival was 66%; however, it should be noted that only 1 patient lost his life due to his tumor disease. The mean time between the last 2 ultrasound examinations was 27.8 ± 23.89 months. Only 57% of tumors were detected by screening. No significant differences in tumor size, stage, and survival could be detected between screened and nonscreened renal cancer patients.ConclusionsUltrasound examination at least every 2 years is an effective tool for the early detection of renal cell carcinoma of the shrunken kidneys.     

移植肾肾盂输尿管并发症(附24例报告)

1979年10月～1996年11月施行尸体肾移植术613例(659次),术后发生肾盂输尿管并发症24例,发生率为3.6％。其中肾盂局限性坏死缺损漏尿1例,肾盂炎性肉芽肿伴结石1例,输尿管末端坏死漏尿4例,输尿管膀胱吻合口部分撕裂脱开漏尿10例,输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄伴肾盂积水8例。本文着重探讨了发生肾盂输尿管并发症的各种原因,并根据其原因,类型提出不同的治疗方法,均取得良好效果。     

移植肾输尿管梗阻的原因与处理方法

目的:探讨移植肾输尿管梗阻的发病原因及其处理方法。方法:报告行肾移植后发生移植肾输尿管梗阻29例的临床资料。全部经手术探查证实,包括输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄9例,输尿管下段狭窄5例,输尿管全段闭锁2例,膀胱肌层包埋过紧1例,输尿管下段穿孔4例,输尿管全段坏死2例,输尿管下段血块堵塞1例,输尿管外周血肿压迫2例,脓肿压迫1例,移植肾输尿管结石2例。14例移植输尿管坏死患者中有10例梗阻前发生急性排斥反应。结果:患者尿路重建后移植肾功能均恢复良好,随访1年均无再次梗阻发生。结论:移植肾输尿管梗阻以输尿管狭窄和坏死最为多见,排斥反应是发生输尿管梗阻的重要病因之一。对于影像学提示梗阻而移植肾功能无明显受损的病例,应积极行移植肾活检。手术是解决移植肾输尿管梗阻最有效的方法。     

Sleeve Gastrectomy after Renal Transplantation

Background

Obesity induces or accelerates diabetes (DBT), hypertension (HT), and dyslipidemia (DSL), which are the main causes of renal failure. Obesity exacerbates in patients after renal transplantation (RT), and it has been associated with increased mortality rate, postoperative complications, and graft loss. We hypothesize that bariatric surgery might have a positive effect on obese patients with history of previous RT.

Methods

This was a retrospective review from prospectively collected data. Patients with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with history of RT were studied. Demographics, anthropometric data, effect on comorbidities, postoperative course, immunosuppressive treatment, reason for transplantation, kidney function, graft survival, and quality of life associated with SG in obese patients with previous RT were assessed using a survey.

Results

From January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2016, five kidney transplant patients were operated on; 80% were female, with an average preoperative BMI of 42.18?±?8.5 kg/m² (range 37–54). Related comorbidities: 100% of the patients had HT and DSL, whereas 40% had DBT and gout. The average time gap between RT and SG was 15?±?8.4 years (range 3–22). Average operative time was 65?±?12 min (range 60–85), and there were neither complications nor mortality. At 16.8?±?14.5 months (range 5–46) of follow-up, BMI was 29.8?±?7.3 kg/m² (range 26–44). All patients with HT and DSL were able to decrease their medication, showing improvement in blood pressure levels and laboratory test values. Regarding DBT, insulin was discontinued in one case, limiting the treatment to the use of oral hypoglycemic agents only. In another case, insulin dosage was significantly reduced. Graft function and proteinuria level improved in 80% of patients. All patients experienced a significant improvement in their quality of life.

Conclusion

In this specific group of high-risk patients, SG showed encouraging results in terms of weight loss and resolution/improvement of comorbidities, renal function, and quality of life.

     

肾移植术后血管破裂

血管破裂是肾移植术后的严重并发症,虽然发病率低,但一旦发生则后果严重.本文对肾移植术后血管破裂的病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗等进行综述.     

Vesico-Ureteric Reflux after Renal Transplantation1

The tunnel and cuff method of ureteric implantation has been found to be an effective method in preventing vesico-ureteric reflux following cadaveric renal transplantation.     

Pediatric Organ Transplantation and Risk of Premalignant and Malignant Tumors in Sweden

Increased cancer risks are well documented in adult organ transplant recipients. However, the spectrum of malignancies and risk in the pediatric organ transplant population are less well described. We identified all solid organ transplanted patients aged <18 in Sweden between 1970–2007 (n = 536) in the National Patient Register and linked to the Cancer Register. Nationwide rates were used to calculate standardized incidence rate ratios and 95% CI estimating the association between transplant and cancer during maximum 36 years of follow‐up. Nearly 7% of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients developed a premalignant or malignant tumor during follow‐up. Transplantation was associated with an increased risk of any cancer (n = 24, SIR = 12.5, 95% CI: 8.0–18.6): non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (n = 13, SIR = 127, 95% CI: 68–217), renal cell (n = 3, SIR = 105, 95% CI: 22–307), vulva/vagina (n = 3, SIR = 665, 95% CI: 137–1934) and nonmelanoma skin cancers (n = 2, SIR = 64.7, 95% CI: 7.8–233.8). NHL typically appeared during childhood, while other tumors were diagnosed during adulthood. Apart from short‐term attention toward the potential occurrence of NHL, our results suggest cancer surveillance into adulthood with special attention to skin, kidneys and the female genitalia.     

15例移植肾自发性破裂原因分析及护理对策

为探讨移植肾自发性破裂原因及护理对策，对１９９５－１９９８年的１５例肾破患者进行了回顾性分析。发现腹压突然增高，透析抗凝治疗，等是移植肾破裂的主要诱因，提出：减少引起腹压突然增高的因素，如保持在爱畅，防止咳嗽及恶心、呕吐，避免体位突改变；严格控制肝素用量，是减少或消除紧破裂的重要措施。