13600例孕中期孕妇唐氏综合征三联筛查结果分析

目的探讨孕妇孕中期血清三联产前筛查与胎儿唐氏综合征检出的关系。方法采用化学发光免疫技术定量检测孕中期(15-20周)孕妇血清中的三项指标(AFP、T-βHCG、uE3),再通过专用软件计算唐氏的风险度,大于1:380定为筛查阳性,建议进一步进行羊水染色体核型分析。结果筛查13600例孕妇有1281例筛查呈阳性,在自愿接受羊水检查的孕妇中,检出唐氏胎儿6例,此外还检出18-三体综合征4例,其他异常染色体胎儿6例。结论孕中期血清三联产前筛查作为对胎儿先天缺陷,尤其是胎儿染色体三体的筛查是行之有效的。筛查结果呈高危孕妇须进一步进行羊水染色体核型分析,以减少缺陷儿的出生。     

唐氏综合征孕中期产前筛查与产前诊断结果分析

目的检测孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）,游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（Free-β-HCG）,进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征的无创伤性筛查。方法采用金标定量系统对孕中期（14-22w）妇女进行AFP、Free-β-HCG检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素,经专用软件进行分析校正,计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择羊膜腔穿刺,进行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果接受筛查的1568名孕妇中筛查出唐氏综合征高风险104例,占筛查总数的6.63%。其中62例接受羊水细胞染色体检查,占高危孕妇的59.62%。检出染色体异常核型14例,占高危孕妇接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查的22.58%。结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿无创伤性产前筛查,结合产前诊断,对减少出生缺陷儿的出生,具有重要意义。     

荆州地区孕妇产前筛查唐氏综合征780例分析

目的检测孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）,游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（Free-β-HCG）,进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合症的无创伤性筛查。方法应用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法（DELFIA）,对孕14～20w孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG、的浓度进行检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择进行父母做染色体检查及胎儿羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果接受筛查的780名孕妇中,唐氏综合征高风险孕妇为49例,筛查阳性率为6.28%,其中29例接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查,占高危孕妇的59.18%,检出染色体异常核型8例,占高危孕妇接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查的27.58%。结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿无创伤性产前筛查,结合产前诊断,及时终止妊娠,预防和减少缺陷儿的出生,提高人口素质具有一定的意义。     

血清筛查与超声提示胎儿5号染色体结构异常

目的探讨血清筛查数据和超声图像与染色体异常之间存在的联系.方法对一例中孕血清产前筛查结果唐氏风险率1/280,而β-hHCG异常增高的妇女,进行胎儿超声筛查和羊水细胞核型分析.结果超声提示胎儿全身皮下水肿、颈部水囊瘤、轻度脑积水、胸水、单脐动脉;羊水染色体核型分析:46,XX,-5, der(5p )(p13).结论中孕妇女血清β-hHCG异常增高提示胎儿染色体畸变可能,胎儿超声筛查有助于染色体疾病的检出.     

唐氏综合征产前筛查与诊断

目的探讨孕中期母血生化标志物在筛查唐氏综合征胎儿中的作用.方法用酶标定量法对孕14～20w的1580例孕妇血清中β-HCG、AFP进行检测,经过风险计算,对高危孕妇进行羊水细胞遗传学检查或/和B超检查.结果1580例孕妇中唐氏(DS)高危孕妇146例,筛出率9.24%;神经管畸形(NTD)高危孕妇42例,筛出率2.66%.在高危孕妇中4例羊水细胞培养胎儿染色体异常,1例B超诊断为胎儿脑积水.结论孕中期母血生化标志物是筛查胎儿染色体异常和神经管畸形的理想指标.     

孕中期血清AFP、F-βHCG筛查唐氏综合征

目的 探讨孕妇血清标记物甲胎蛋白(AFP)和游离绒毛膜促性腺激素(F-βHCG)对孕中期孕妇进行唐氏综合征为主的先天缺陷筛查的作用。方法 对孕中期(15-20W)妇女进行上述二项血清生化指标检测,经过软件计算风险,对可能影响结果的部分因素,如孕妇年龄、体重、孕周等加以分析校正,对高风险孕妇,建议进一步行羊水或脐血染色体检查及B超进行确诊。结果 3268例孕妇中,发现唐氏综合征3例,神经管畸形2例,死胎4例,其他胎儿异常2例。结论 孕中期血清AFP、F-βHCG二项血清生化指标联合检测,作为筛查胎儿先天缺陷,尤其是胎儿染色体三体、神经管畸形有效可行。筛查结果高危孕妇应进一步行羊水染色体或B超检查确诊,以减少缺陷儿出生。     

17221例孕中期先天缺陷产前筛查结果分析

目的通过妊娠中期孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）、游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素（Free-β-HCG）的检测,进行孕中期胎儿染色体异常及先天性神经管缺陷（NTD）的产前筛查。方法采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法（DELFIA）,对孕15~20周孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG的浓度进行检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素,经过软件计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择进行羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞染色体核型分析或经腹脐静脉穿刺,取胎儿血培养,进行染色体核型分析;对NTD高风险孕妇,均进行B超检查。结果在17221例孕妇中筛查出21三体高风险798例,占筛查总数的4.63%,18三体高风险73例占筛查总数的0.42%;NTD高风险98例占筛查总数的0.57%,在798例21三体高风险和73例18三体高风险孕妇中,有865例进行了羊水细胞染色体检查或胎儿脐血染色体检查,检测出染色体异常核型40例,异常率为4.62%,其中,21三体8例,18三体8例,其它异常24例。98例NTD高风险孕妇中,共检测出无脑儿和/或脊柱裂5例,异常检出率为5.1%。结论利用孕妇血清AFP,Free-β-HCG对孕中期胎儿染色体异常和NTD进行产前筛查,结合产前诊断,对减少出生缺陷的发生,具有一定的意义。     

Down''''s综合征的孕中期筛查

目的检测孕妇血清标物甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG)进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查.方法采用金标定量系统对孕中期(14～22w)妇女进行AFP、Free-β-HCG检测,并配有唐氏综合征产前筛查专用软件进行分析校正,对筛查出的先天性缺陷胎儿,在孕妇知情的情况下,选择适宜的产前诊断.结果接受筛查的358名孕妇中,唐氏综合征高风险孕妇为32例,筛查阳性率为8.94%,其中12例接受羊水细胞培养染色体检查,占高危孕妇的37.5%,检出染色体异常核型4例,占高危孕妇羊水细胞培养染色体检查的33.3%.结论利用孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征无创伤性产前筛查,对减少病残儿的出生,具有重要意义.     

孕中期21三体综合征、18三体综合征的产前筛查与产前诊断结果分析

目的通过检测妊娠中期孕妇血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离-β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG),进行孕中期胎儿21三体综合征、18三体综合征的无创伤性产前筛查。方法采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法(DELFIA),对孕15~20w孕妇血清AFP、Free-β-HCG的浓度进行检测,结合母龄、孕周、体重等因素,经过软件计算风险率,对高风险孕妇在知情的情况下,自愿选择进行羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果在5750例孕妇中筛查出21三体高风险297例,占筛查总数的5.17%,18三体高风险37例,占筛查总数的0.64%;在258例羊水细胞染色体检查中,检测出21三体2例,18三体3例,其它异常10例。结论利用孕妇血清AFP,Pree-β-HCG进行孕中期胎儿21三体综合征、18三体综合征无创伤性产前筛查,结合产前诊断,对减少出生缺陷的发生,具有一定的意义。     

11400例孕中期孕妇唐氏综合征的血清筛查和产前诊断分析

目的 检测妊娠中期孕妇血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离-B-绒毛膜促性腺激素(Free-β-HCG),进行孕中期胎儿唐氏综合征的无创性筛查.方法 对11400名15～20周孕妇采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法检测孕妇血中AFP和β-HCG浓度,结合孕妇年龄、体重、孕周等因素计算风险率.对唐氏综合征高危的孕妇进行羊水细胞染色体分析,神经管缺损(NTD)高危者行超声波检查.结果 在11400名孕妇中21-三体高危791例,占筛查总数的6.94%;18-三体高危315例,占筛查总数的2.76%;神经管缺损高危54例,占筛查总数的0.47%;在769例羊水细胞染色体检查中,共检测出?鲻 异常核型23例.结论 产前筛查、产前诊断对减少出生缺陷的发生,具有重要意义.     

Carrier screening for cystic fibrosis: Test acceptance and one year follow-up

We identified 124 carriers among 4,879 patients of prenatal care providers in the Rochester region. Six factors were identified that together permitted a correct classification regarding test acceptance for 77.5% of all subjects. For those pregnant, the most influential of these factors was a more accepting attitude toward abortion. As an indication for abortion, cystic fibrosis (CF) ranked between mild and moderate mental retardation. Of the 124 carrier women identified, we obtained 1-year follow-up information on 100. Mean score for CF knowledge at 1 year (77.4 ± 13.2%), although significantly lower than immediately after counseling (84 ± 12.4%), was still significantly higher than after detection but before counseling (51.1% ± 20.7%). Anxiety about having a child with CF significantly declined from 25.8 ± 8.0 SD immediately after counseling to 18.9 ± 7.8 at 1 year (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale). Although 15 carriers regretted having been tested, 83% believed that they benefited from testing, 83% would make the same decision to be tested over again, and 79% would recommend testing to a friend. We conclude that, for most women, CF carrier screening accomplished its purpose: most carriers detected came for counseling, had their partners tested, and, if their partners were also carriers, had prenatal diagnosis. The major undesirable outcomes were that many women testing negative did not understand that a negative result did not exclude being a carrier and that three women found to be carriers did not have their partners tested because of anxiety or the unacceptability of pregnancy termination and therefore may not have carefully considered their decision to be tested. Both of these undesirable outcomes could have been avoided by greater attention to pretest patient education by the primary care provider. Am. J. Med. Genet. 73:378–386, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Carrier screening for Beta-thalassaemia: a review of international practice

β-thalassaemia is one of the most common single-gene inherited conditions in the world, and thalassaemia carrier screening is the most widely performed genetic screening test, occurring in many different countries. β-thalassaemia carrier screening programmes provide a unique opportunity to compare the delivery of carrier screening programmes carried out in different cultural, religious and social contexts. This review compares the key characteristics of β-thalassaemia carrier screening programmes implemented in countries across the world so that the differences and similarities between the programmes can be assessed. The manner in which thalassaemia carrier screening programmes are structured among different populations varies greatly in several aspects, including whether the programmes are mandatory or voluntary, the education and counselling provided and whether screening is offered pre-pregnancy or antenatally. National and international guidelines make recommendations on the most appropriate ways in which genetic carrier screening programmes should be conducted; however, these recommendations are not followed in many programmes. We discuss the implications for the ethical and acceptable implementation of population carrier screening and identify a paucity of research into the outcomes of thalassaemia screening programmes, despite the fact that thalassaemia screening is so commonly conducted.     

Which anatomical sites should be sampled for screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage by culture or by rapid PCR test?

The nose is the anatomical site usually recommended for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening. Other sites are also recommended, but are more controversial. We showed that the sensitivities of MRSA detection from nasal swabs alone were 48% and 62% by culture or by rapid PCR test, respectively. These percentages increased to 79% and 92% with the addition of groin swabs, and to 96% and 99% with the addition of groin and throat swabs. In conclusion, neither by culture nor by rapid PCR test is nose sampling alone sufficient for MRSA detection. Additional anatomical sites should include at least the groin and throat.     

2型糖尿病药物筛选技术研究进展

2型糖尿病的发病率逐年递增，针对其治疗而进行的寻找新药的药物筛选技术也在不断进步，从整体动物水平上升到细胞、分子水平，由传统的筛选技术发展为快速高效的高通量筛选。本文将对2型糖尿病的药物筛选技术逐一进行概述。     

33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查及随访结果的分析

目的通过分析新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,以及对阳性病例的随访和管理,提高遗传性耳聋的检出率。方法收集33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,应用Sanger测序对听力未通过或基因筛查提示阳性的患儿进行验证。结果听力初筛通过率为93.32%,复筛为87.01%。耳聋基因筛查阳性率为4.18%。GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA基因变异的检出率分别为1.98%、1.58%、0.37%和0.25%。共检出126例迟发性耳聋,84例药物性耳聋,4例GJB2纯合/复合杂合变异,5例SLC26A4纯合/复合杂合变异。联合筛查发现GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA单杂合变异者听力初筛和复筛未通过的比例分别为6.75%和2.61%、3.3%和1.2%、0.72%和0.14%、0.36%和0%。纯合/单基因复合杂合变异、单基因杂合变异、多基因复合杂合以及GJB3纯合变异组听力筛查未通过率明显高于阴性组,差异具有统计学意义。结论基因检测是对新生儿听力筛查很好的补充。对阳性患儿的追踪管理能够有效提高耳聋的诊断率,但基因筛查不能等同于诊断,应综合分析基因检测、听力筛查和影像学的结果,Sanger/二代测序可作为重要的补充检查手段。     

Systematic health screening of refugees after resettlement in recipient countries: a scoping review

Abstract

Context: Health screening of refugees after settlement in a recipient country is an important tool to find and treat diseases. Currently, there are no available reviews on refugee health screening after resettlement.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the online Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (‘MEDLINE’) database. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to the PRISMA statement.

Results: The search retrieved 342 articles. Relevance screening was conducted on all abstracts/titles. The final 53 studies included only original scientific articles on health screening of refugees conducted after settlement in another country. The 53 studies were all from North America, Australia/New Zealand and Europe. Because of differences in country policies, the screenings were conducted differently in the various locations. The studies demonstrated great variation in who was targeted for screening and how screening was conducted. The disease most frequently screened for was tuberculosis; this was done in approximately half of the studies. Few studies included screening for mental health and non-infectious diseases like diabetes and hypertension.

Conclusion: Health screening of refugees after resettlement is conducted according to varying local policies and there are vast differences in which health conditions are covered in the screening and whom the screening is available to.     

噬菌体抗体库固相筛选条件的初步研究

目的:探讨噬菌体抗体库的固相筛选条件,为筛选方案的设计提供实验依据。方法:利用多种针对HEVNE2蛋白的特异性噬菌体人源抗体和非特异性噬菌体人源抗体,对噬菌体抗体与抗原的结合时间、抗原包被的浓度、洗涤强度和洗脱方式等多种筛选的条件进行初步探索。结果:阳性噬菌体抗体与抗原反应1min,就可较好结合,洗涤次数为20～30次、洗涤液的pH为5时,筛选得到的阳性率最高。包被抗原的浓度对筛选的阳性率没有明显影响,用10mg/L抗原竞争洗脱60min,可得到较高的阳性率。结论:噬菌体抗体库的筛选是一个非常复杂的过程,其中的各个条件之间有着密切的联系,应该根据具体情况进行调整。