纤维支气管镜检查298例分析

纤维支气管镜(以下简称纤支镜)检查是诊治呼吸系统疾病的一个重要手段,应用领域越来越广泛.现将我院自2007年12月-2009年3月接受纤支镜检查的298例患者的检查结果分析如下. 1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 298例患者中男180例,女118例,年龄15～82岁,平均(53.0±18.6)岁.1.2 方法分析患者的临床资料.     

老年重症肺炎患者纤支镜吸痰灌洗治疗预后不良的影响因素

目的 分析老年重症肺炎患者纤支镜吸痰灌洗治疗预后不良的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析60例重症肺炎经纤支镜吸痰灌洗治疗有效的老年患者临床资料,纳入预后良好组;将同期60例重症肺炎纤支镜吸痰灌洗治疗无效的老年患者临床资料纳入预后不良组.统计两组基线资料,分析老年重症肺炎患者纤支镜吸痰灌洗治疗预后不良的影响因素.结果 两组吸烟...     

肺穿针胸膜活检对胸腔积液病因的诊断价值

渗出性胸腔积液是常见的临床病症,病因很多,临床表现无特异性,故病因诊断相对困难.我们收集了61例胸腔积液患者行胸膜活检的临床资料,以期为临床实践提供依据. 临床资料 1.一般资料:收集2010年3月～2010年8月解放军309医院28例胸腔积液患者和2010年9月～2011年10月本钢胸科医院33例胸腔积液患者的临床资料,共计61例.其中男38例,女23例,年龄19～74岁.X线胸片检查示右侧胸腔积液30例,左侧胸腔积液27例,双侧胸腔积液4例.     

乙型肝炎病毒相关再生障碍性贫血12例临床特征分析

本研究回顾了12例HBV相关再生障碍性贫血(hepatitisassociated aplastic anemia,HAAA)患者临床资料,探讨本病发病机制、临床特征、诊治方案以及预后转归等特点,现报道如下. 一、资料与方法 1.研究对象:收集1996年1月至2011年6月河北医科大学第三医院感染科、肝病科以及血液科收治获得性再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia,AA)患者中筛查HAAA患者资料.     

胆源性肝脓肿42例临床分析

胆系疾病是细菌性肝脓肿的主要易患因素.为加强对胆源性肝脓肿的认识,并为临床工作提供参考,现将我院近年的胆源性肝脓肿临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结.一、资料与方法1.资料:收集2005年7月至2010年7月我科住院患者中的细菌性肝脓肿患者105例.2.统计指标:统计患者临床表现、原发疾病、实验室及影像学检查、病原学及药敏检查、治疗方法及临床疗效.     

老年住院患者甲状腺功能状态分析

资料显示老年甲状腺功能减退占老年住院患者的14.78％,亚临床甲减占老年住院患者的2.17％[1].本文对老年住院患者甲状腺功能进行检测,进一步探讨老年患者甲状腺功能状况及与各种急慢性疾病的关系.1资料与方法1.1一般资料2009年3月至2010年12月我院内科住院老年患者190例,其中男86例,女104例,年龄63 ～ 88[平均(74.3±3.7)]岁.其中多脏器病变患者65例,心功能不全患者31例,恶性肿瘤患者14例,低蛋白血症患者22例,感染患者58例.排除有垂体疾病史或试验期间服用抗甲状腺药物的病例.     

老年肾病综合征患者他克莫司联合泼尼松治疗转归的影响因素

目的 分析老年肾病综合征患者他克莫司联合泼尼松治疗转归的影响因素.方法 前瞻性选择130例老年肾病综合征患者,均采用他克莫司联合泼尼松治疗.统计患者治疗6个月时治疗转归情况,并设计基线资料调查表,询问并记录患者基线资料,分析老年肾病综合征患者他克莫司联合泼尼松治疗转归的影响因素.结果 治疗6个月结束时,130例患者好转...     

核苷(酸)类似物治疗慢性乙型肝炎10例临床分析

本研究对10例用核苷(酸)类似物(NUCs)治疗出现HBsAg阴转或血清学转换的病例资料进行了回顾性分析,现报道如下.一、资料与方法1.病例资料:收集2005年2月至2010年8月于沈阳市第六人民医院入院的10例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者应用NUCs治疗出现HBsAg阴转或血清学转换的患者资料.临床诊断符合2005年慢性乙型肝炎防治指南[11标准.     

老年非小细胞肺癌患者放疗发生放射性肺纤维化的影响因素

目的 探讨老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者放疗发生放射性肺纤维化的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析200例老年NSCLC患者临床资料,患者均实施放疗治疗,统计放疗4个月后放射性肺纤维化的发生率.统计所有患者的临床资料,纳入所有可能的影响因素,经单因素及多因素分析找出老年NSCLC患者放疗后发生放射性肺纤维化的影响因素.结果...     

老年急性髓系白血病中西医结合治疗效果及其影响因素

目的 分析老年急性髓系白血病(AML)中西医结合治疗效果及影响因素.方法 回顾性收集80例老年AML患者资料,均接受CAG化疗方案联合中医健脾益肾法治疗,治疗21 d为1个疗程,均治疗2个疗程;患者病例资料、相关实验室检查资料等均完整;治疗结束,参照相关标准评估患者治疗效果,设计一般基线资料填写表,阅读患者病例资料并记...     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.