右颈总动脉锁骨下动脉异常1例

右颈总动脉锁骨下动脉异常１例佟玉章，聂良宴，王红梅，王志强解剖一成年男尸，发现其右颈总动脉、锁骨下动脉等多处异常，报告如下：右颈总动脉起自主动脉弓上缘距主动脉弓起始部约１６ｍｍ处，宽径约８ｍｍ，由气管前左外下斜向右外上方，见（图１）。右锁骨下动脉位于...     

颈外动脉及其分支异常1例

笔者在解剖一具成年男性尸体时发现其右侧颈外动脉及其分支异常 ,现报道如下 :右颈外动脉在甲状软骨上缘水平由颈总动脉分出 ,伴颈内动脉的内侧上行 ,其长度 1.71ｃｍ ,起始处的外径 9.1ｍｍ。在颈外动脉起始处上方 0 .2 5ｃｍ处 ,自其前壁发出一动脉干 ,长 0 .38ｃｍ ,起始处外径 3.3ｍｍ ,此动脉干末端分出 2个分支 (附图 ) :一为甲状腺上动脉 ,其走向前下方分布于喉和甲状腺的上部 ,其起始处外径为 1.5ｍｍ ;一为舌动脉 ,其先向后外然后呈“Ｕ”字型急转向前 ,穿舌骨舌肌分布于舌 ,其起始处外径为 1.7ｍｍ。颈外动脉本干沿着咽侧壁继续上…     

颈肋及锁骨下动脉异常1例

患者，女，２９岁，工人，因左上肢凉、脉弱１年，伴疼痛和麻木感２个月入院。左上肢上举时症状加重。检查：左上肢皮温低，桡动脉搏动较右侧弱，皮肤软组织充血时间延长。左上肢牵伸试验阳性，Ａｄｓｏｎ氏试验阳性。Ｘ光片显示：左侧颈肋，长约４．５ｃｍ，左第１肋骨上...     

右锁骨下动脉和右颈总动脉变异1例

正对1具男性尸体进行解剖时,发现右锁骨下动脉和右颈总动脉直接起自于主动脉弓,致主动脉弓分支变异(图1),而正常的右锁骨下动脉和右颈总动脉起自头臂干[1],相对于国内李永胜[2]等人的报道,此类变异数值、具体起点均有差异。根据《中国人解剖学数值》,本例锁骨下动脉变异出现率为1.48%,为积累国人解剖学数据和为临床治疗提供参考,现报     

右颈总动脉及右锁骨下动脉变异一例

<正>学生解剖学科研小组在对1具男性尸体进行解剖过程中,发现主动脉弓分支变异,见右颈总动脉和右锁骨下动脉直接发自主动脉弓,为积累解剖学数值资料并为临床治疗提供参考,现报道如下。变异的主动脉弓分支分布从右至左依次为右颈总动脉、左颈总动脉、右锁骨下动脉、左锁骨下动脉,变异的右锁骨下动脉位丁左锁骨下动脉右后方。右颈总动脉直接起自主动脉弓前     

中国小儿无名动脉与颈总动脉及其分支的研究

本文调查了76例(♂44,♀32)1、2和3岁中国小儿无名动脉和颈总动脉的位置、长度、周径、分支部位和分支型。1.76例小儿无名动脉与气管的位置关系,共分三型:第1型2例(2.63±1.84%);第2型33例(43.42±5.72%),第3型41例(53.95±5.71%)。2.76例小儿无名动脉分支部位,在胸锁关节上缘上方者57例(75.0±4.96%),在胸锁关节后方者19例(25.0±4.96%),小儿较成年人高。 3.76例1、2和3岁小儿无名动脉平均长度分别为20.7±0.42毫米、19.2±0.56毫米和21.8±0.94毫米。平均周径分别为19.8±0.64毫米、20.3±0.21毫米和21.0±0.51毫米。4.76例小儿无名动脉有63例(82.9±4.32%)单独由主动脉弓发出;另外13例(17.1±4.32%)与左颈总动脉先形成共同干而后发出。在76例无名动脉中,有71例(93.42±2.84%)在走行中并不发支,但有4例(5.26±2.56%)直接由无名动脉发出甲状腺最下动脉,有1例(1.32±1.31%)由共同干发出甲状腺最下动脉。5.小儿颈总动脉的分支部位平均位于第3、4颈椎椎间盘上缘高度,小儿较成年人高。6.颈总动脉分支所形成的夹角,共分三型,在152侧中锐角型60侧(39.5±3.96%);弓状型40侧(26.3±3.57%);中间型52侧(34.2±3.84%),小儿锐角型较多于弓状型。7.1、2和3岁中国小儿颈总动脉平均长度:右侧分别为42.9±1.55毫米、45.7±0.57毫米和47.8±1.50毫米;左侧分别为59.0±1.10毫米、56.7±2.99毫米和64.9±1.62毫米。平均周径:右侧分别为14.8±0.77毫米、16.3±0.14毫米和16.6±0.19毫米。左侧分别为15.6±0.61毫米、16.6±0.13毫米和17.3±0.40毫米。     

颈总动脉及其分支的变异类型*

血管变异在人体中广泛存在,了解正常人体解剖结构及变异情况对医务工作者尤其是临床医生而言尤为重要.以往在各大学术论文上对各类血管变异的报道并不少见,但是却缺乏较为全面的总结.现对最近几十年内的25例各类医学杂志中关于颈部血管变异的报道进行了较为详细的分类总结,旨在为广大临床工作者提供一定的参考作用.     

右颈总动脉异常分支伴甲状腺峡部缺如

我们在解剖标本中,发现一男尸,约50岁,身高165cm,颈部皮肤未见切口及手术疤痕,见其右侧颈总动脉发出甲状腺上动脉直至甲状腺侧叶上端并伴有甲状腺峡部缺如,现报道如下:该尸体右侧颈总动脉在舌骨体平面才分为颈内动脉和颈外动脉,比左侧颈总动脉分支高2.49cm。而甲状腺上动脉却在甲状软骨右板右上方,距下颌下腺下缘0.67cm处直接由颈总动脉发出,其起始部外径为0.26cm。起始后在胸锁乳突肌深面直接跨过甲状软骨右板沿胸骨甲状肌、肩胛舌骨肌、胸骨舌骨肌深面斜行向下至甲状腺侧叶尖端处分为3条终支,供应甲状腺。而左侧颈总动脉分支及甲状腺上动…     

左锁骨下动脉分支变异1例

在解剖一成年男尸（身高166cm）时发现左倘骨下动脉分支变异，这种变异较少见，报道如下：     

The diameters of common carotid artery and its branches in newborns

The common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation is of clinical importance due to its vascular access site for intravascular intervention. Additionally, it is also one of the most common sites of atherosclerotic plaque formation. There are numerous studies on the diameters of CCA, internal carotid artery (ICA), and external carotid artery (ECA) in adults, but few studies on newborns. Cadaver and angiographic studies have shown dimensional variations in the carotid arteries within/between individuals and also between different sexes. It is well known that the initial lesions of atherosclerosis begin very early in fetal life. Therefore, it is important to know the anatomical details of the CCA and its branches. In the present study, the neck regions of 20 (11 males and 9 females) fixed newborn cadavers were dissected. The CCAs were cut below the bulb of the carotid bifurcation further; ICA and ECA were cut above the bulb of the carotid bifurcation. The internal diameters of the CCA, ICA, and ECA were measured using a light microscopy. ECA/CCA, ICA/CCA, ICA/ECA ratios, and outflow to inflow area ratio were calculated. The mean outflow to inflow area ratio was 1.14±0.28. Our results highly correlated with the defined optimal ratio (1.15). The ECA/CCA, ICA/CCA, and ICA/ECA ratios were 0.78±0.12, 0.71±0.13, and 0.93±0.16, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female and also between right and left sides. These findings are of importance in understanding the anatomy of carotid artery during newborn period.     

Investigation of the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery and variations of the branches of the external carotid artery in human fetuses.

Variations in the position of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the origin or branching pattern of the external carotid artery (ECA) are well known and documented. In this study, the bifurcation levels of the CCA and origin variations of the branches of the ECA have been extensively investigated in human fetuses. Bilaterally, 40 carotid bifurcations and 40 ECA and their branches have been examined. A latex solution, which had been diluted with water at a ratio of 25% and colored with red India ink, was injected into the aortic arch. Fetuses were kept at room temperature for 24 h before the ECA and its branches were dissected under the microsurgery microscope. Cases of variation were determined and photographed. The bifurcation level of the CCA was determined to be 55% at the C3 level, 35% at the C4 level, 10% at the C5 level on the right side and 60% at the C3 level, 40% at the C4 level on left side. The distribution of the ECA trunks was determined as follows: A linguofacial trunk was present in 20% of the cases, a thyrolingual trunk in 2.5%, a thyrolinguofacial trunk in 2.5% and an occipitoauricular trunk in 12.5%. Beyond this the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) was observed in one fetus to originate from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the ECA and its branches is of great importance in surgery and radiological examinations.     

The variations of the subclavian artery and its branches

This study reports important variations in branches of the subclavian artery in a singular cadaver. The origin of the left vertebral artery was from the aortic arch. On the right side, no thyrocervical trunk was found. The two branches which normally originate from the thyrocervical trunk had a different origin. The transverse cervical artery arose directly from the subclavian artery and suprascapular artery originated from the internal thoracic artery. This variation provides a short route for posterior scapular anastomoses. An awareness of this rare variation is important because this area is used for diagnostic and surgical procedures.     

Anatomic variations of anterior cerebral artery cortical branches

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is a major vessel responsible for the blood supply to the interhemispheric region. The ACA segment after the anterior communicating artery (AComA) origin is called the distal ACA and has central and cortical branches. The cortical branches are distributed in the different regions of the orbital and medial part of the brain. The objects of this study are the anatomical variations found in the distal ACA. In 76 hemispheres the ACA distal branches were injected with latex and dissected under microscope magnification. Vessel diameters and distances between vessel origins and anterior communicating artery were recorded and analyzed. Microsurgical dissection was carried out to demonstrate anatomic variations of these vessels. Average diameter of ACA at origin was 2.61 +/- 0.34 mm and average diameter of cortical branches diameter ranged from 0.79 +/- 0.27 mm to 1.84 +/- 0.3 mm. Distances between vessel origin and AComA ranged from 7.68 +/- 3.91 mm (orbitofrontal) to 112.6 +/- 11.63 mm (inferior internal parietal). This study found anatomical variations: a single (azygos) ACA was present in one case and three in three cases. Crossing branches of the distal ACA to the contralateral hemisphere were present in 26% of the cases. In some cases a single ACA may supply the posterior hemispheric region through crossing branches. This calls attention to potential bilateral brain infarcts due to a single unilateral ACA occlusion.     

头臂干缺如及左右颈总动脉共干1例

在制作1成年女性标本时,见头臂干缺如,且左右颈总动脉共干(图1),此变异较罕见[1],现报道如下: 该例主动脉弓自右向左发出:左右颈总动脉共干支(起始外径13.58 mm下同)、左锁骨下动脉(5.60 mm)、右锁骨下动脉(6.94 mm).在平对第3胸椎中份,左右颈总动脉共干支于主动脉弓凸侧发出,走行0.83 cm后分为左颈总动脉(4.72mm)和右颈总动脉(4.80mm),两者夹角为59°.