中文MMPI与MMPI-2临床量表一致性研究

目的：考察MMPI与MMPI-2临床量表的一致性程度。方法：采用MMPI与MMPI-2复合问卷，对236名被试进行测试，其中含186名精神科住院患者(精神分裂症、心境障碍、神经症)和50名正常被试。结果：相关分析提示两问卷间各对应量表具有高相关性；对于236名被试，编码总符合率达到90．3％，其中单点编码符合率81．6％，两点编码符合率65．8％，三点编码符合率49．2％，高分编码符合率为64％；那些两点编码不符合的问卷中，96．4％具有同一个编码量表。给以限制性定义以后，两点编码符合率达到82，8％。新常模的使用及T分形式的改变，对于两问卷编码类型符合率没有显著影响。结论：可以推论，中文MMPI与MMPI-2临床量表具有较高程度的延续性，中文MMPI与MMPI-2在临床使用上具有一定的可比性。     

神经症MMPI—2的测量分析

目的:分析神经症患者MMPI-2的测定结果:探讨编码模式特点,临床应用意义及与SDS,SAS的相关性,方法:对70例抑郁性神经症患者在住院两周内进行MMPI-2和SAS,SDS测试,对其中31例进行MMPI-2重复测试,结果:男女性患者的剖析图走势相似,男性高分点编码序列为72831,女性为28763,低自尊,工作,障碍,治疗反感等内容量表存在性别差异,焦虑,抑郁内容量表评分与SAS,SDS评分存在显著正相关,治疗前后的重复测试,说明MMPI-2的分值下降与临床症状的缓解相伴随.结论:不同性别神经症患者MMPI-2编码模式相似,内容量表能较好地反映患者的精神病症状,其分值下降与临床症状的缓解相伴随.     

精神分裂症患者智力变化的相关因素分析

目的 :探讨精神分裂症患者的智力变化及可能的影响因素。方法 :用WAIS -RC成人智力量表及MMPI临床量表对 3 0 0例住院的精神分裂症患者进行评定 ,并以病程和首发年龄为指标对事前智商和实际智商进行分析。结果 :18岁前起病者事前智商较低 ,不同病程的患者间智商无明显差异。MMPI中疑病、精神病态、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症和躁狂等分量表分在智商差值最大的 2组较相对较小的 0组和 1组为高。结论 :首发年龄、人格特征和临床症状的严重程度对精神分裂症患者的智力损害有一定影响 ,病程对智商的影响不明显。     

武警用简式明尼苏达人格调查表的适用性研究

目的:根据武警部队大规模群体测验的需要,将MMPI进行分量表及条目筛减后构成简式MMPI,检验其作为人格评估工具进行武警部队兵员筛选、工作安置之适用性。方法:对940名战士施测MMPI后,根据武警部队特点及测验目的筛选分量表,根据测验条目区分度筛选条目,组成简式MMPI,随机整群取样3095名战士,对简式MMPI进行条目分析及信度和效度分析。结果:简式MMPI60%的条目鉴别指数在0.2以上,比原MMPI条目的鉴别指数(53%)提高。各分量表的重测相关系数在0.58-0.85之间(P<0.01)。实证效度检验显示,简式MMPI对精神分裂症患者与正常人群的区分达到显著水平(P<0.01)。各分量表与领导评定的各维度间有不同程度显著相关,量表总分与领导评定总分相关0.49。结论:武警用简式明尼苏达人格调查表符合心理测量学的要求,可做武警部队的人格评估工具。     

首发精神分裂症患者恢复期心理特质及相关性

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症患者恢复期的心理特质因素及相关性.方法 选用明尼苏达多相人格测验(MMPI—2)附加量表中的部分心理特质量表,对32例处于恢复期的首发精神分裂症患者进行评定,结果与常模比较并进行相互间相关分析.结果 首发精神分裂症偏执量表、病态人格量表得分高于常模(t=12.41,4.085;P＜0.01),相关分析显示,精神质与病态人格、偏执与忍耐具有显著性意义的正相关(r=0.481,0.528；P＜0.01),神经质与偏执和忍耐、精神质与偏执和忍耐均具有显著性意义的负相关(r=-0.392,-0.511/-0.642,-0.558;P＜0.05、0.01).结论 首发精神分裂症可能存在精神质—病态人格和偏执两种相异的心理特质基础.     

MMPI-2评估心理创伤后适应不良

目的：在经历创伤事件的人群中检验MMPI-2中适应不良量表的效度。方法：研究对象为43名入院治疗的应激障碍（SD）患者和44名适应良好的创伤幸存者（TS）。以8个临床量表的T分数均值（M8）为适应不良效标，与MMPI-2中的7个适应不良量表进行比较。结果：SD患者有6个量表显著高于TS；两组研究对象的大多数量表均与M8显著相关：尽管F和PK增加了对SD患者或TS适应不良方差变异的解释，Pt在两组被试中均显著增加了其他变量对适应不良的预测作用。结论：MMPI-2中多数适应不良量表的效度较满意。Pt对创伤后适应不良具有普遍较好的预测作用。     

MMPI-215临床量表的相关因素分析

目的：对MMPI-215中的3个临床量表进行相关因素分析。方法：采用MMPI-215对全国14028名男性青年进行测试。结果：各临床量表的区域间和区域内都存在显著性差异；Pa、Pt、Sc得分在文化程度上存在显著性差异，随着文化程度的升高，分数逐渐降低；农村青年得分均高于城镇；汉族和少数民族在Pt量表上有显著差异，汉族高于少数民族。逐步回归显示，文化程度和城乡都对Pa、Pt、Sc三个量表的T分数有显著影响。结论：MMPI-215中的Pt、Pa、Sc量表在制定检测标准时，需要考虑文化程度和城乡的差异。     

大数据视域下人体心理灵活性与健康人格的相关性

目的运用MMPI-399量表中的不同因子分和中国常模资料作为健康人格的相关指标来考察它们与AAQ-Ⅱ量表总分和CFQ-F量表总分的相关性,将MMPI-399与SCL-90量表总分的相关性程度的作为比较指标,探讨心理灵活性与MMPI-399各因子的相关程度及其对健康人格的预测作用。方法采用心理灵活性模型中的认知融合问卷(CFQ-F)、接纳与行动问卷第2版(AAQ-Ⅱ);以及MMPI-399人格量表、SCL-90量表、自编人口学调查表,对黄山学院全体在校大学生进行心理健康普测,按照MMPI量表中疑问量表原始分小于22分,谎言量表原始分小于10分的标准,收回有效问卷8 235份。结果大数据视域下,心理灵活性在不同年级和性别的人中有差异;相较于SCL-90总分,心理灵活性相关量表与MMPI-399各因子均有较高的相关性(P0.01);AAQ-Ⅱ和CFQ-F在控制了性别和年级后,偏相关仍显著(r=0.785,P0.01);回归分析结果显示,心理灵活性对抑郁人格均有显著地预测作用(P0.01)。结论个体心理灵活性存在差异,与健康人格形成相关性显著,心理灵活性对健康人格有很好的预测作用。     

精神分裂症患者MMPI结果分析

本文对精神分裂症患者测试剖析图进行研究,结果显示,精神分裂症患者MMPI剖析图,基本上可分为多数量表明显偏离型、个别量表偏离型和无偏离型三种测图模式,多数精神分裂症偏执型病人测试结果为“明显偏离型”,分裂症未定型病人为“个别量表偏离型”,进入康复期患者为“个别量表偏离和无偏离型”测图,其大部分量表分数与患病期差异显著,个别量表与常模有差异。     

分裂样精神病与精神分裂症患者临床观察

通过对分裂样精神病和精神分裂症患者MMPI临床动态观察，发现二者入院2周时各量表分有显著性差异，其中分裂样精神病患者Hy、Dd量表分高于精神分裂症患者，其余量表分均低于精神分裂症患者。入院6周各量表分与入院2周相比，表明二者在病程、转归、病前性格及病前的社会心理因素存在差异。     

Development of a three-scale MMPI: The MMPI-TRI

A 60-item short form of the MMPI with very high content validity and items that appear on both the MMPI and MMPI-2 was developed and named the MMPI-TRI. It contains three 20-item scales—the Subjective Distress, Acting-Out, and Psychosis scales. These three scales have excellent internal consistency and sufficient independence from each other. An anxiety and depression group of patients, prison inmate group, and a schizophrenic and other psychotic group had the highest mean scores on Subjective Distress, Acting-Out, and Psychosis, respectively. Correlations with the 13 regular scales of the MMPI and MMPI-2, their content and supplementary scales, and four other psychometric instruments provided very strong evidence for validity. Norms are provided.     

Correspondence of MMPI and MMPI-2 with chemically dependent patients

One hundred (39 women and 61 men) hospitalized substance abusers were administered the MMPI and MMPI-2. The correspondence of T-Scores, Code-types, and MAC/MAC-R scores were analyzed. Results showed that the MMPI-2 produced profiles that were consistent with previous research on the MMPI with substance abusers. However, the relationship between MMPI and MMPI-2 T-scores appeared complex and varied across individual scales for both men and women. Codetype congruence was 38% for one, two, and three-point code-types. Well-defined codetypes accounted for 30% of the profiles. MAC/MAC-R raw scores were different for men but not for women. Codetypes established for the MMPI may not be fully transferable to the MMPI-2 in a substance abusing population. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Does the MMPI-168 exaggerate psychotic pathology?

Three scoring versions of the MMPI, scored on the same protocol, were compared in a multivariate design with 198 psychiatric patients. The MMPI-168 schizophrenia scale had a statistically higher elevation than the Dutch and American scoring versions. This makes MMPI-168 profiles more often “schizophrenic” than other scoring versions. The MMPI-168 systematically overscores the presence of “psychotic” code types, 45% of all protocols. Implications of the findings are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The fragile nature of MMPI code types

The percent of code type agreement with the original MMPI is compared with the new MMPI-2, an earlier re-norming of the MMPI by Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, and Offord (1983), the MMPI-168, and test/retest comparisons of the MMPI with itself. Code type agreement ranges from lows of 31 to 41% for the test/retest comparability of the original MMPI with itself to 40 to 67% hit rates for the MMPI-2, the MMPI 1983 norms, and the MMPI-168. The effect of this on interpretation is discussed in the context of previous studies on the MMPI code types in relation to broadband diagnosis and comparisons of clinical accuracy of computerized reports that have utilized various MMPI versions.     

Criterion-related validity and stability: Equivalence of the MMPI and the MMPI-2

The differential criterion-related validity of the MMPI and MMPI-2 and their stability over a 4-month period of time were examined in a university population by correlating the clinical scales with their counterpart SCL-90-R factors. Fair to moderate correlations were found on all eight paired MMPI scales and SCL-90-R factors, while only two of eight MMPI-2/SCL-90-R pairings were found to be correlated significantly. Further analyses, however, found no significant differences between these MMPI/SCL-90-R and MMPI-2/SCL-90/R correlations. Adequate stability was found between MMPI-2 and SCL-90-R pairs over 4 months, except for the MMPI-2 D scale with SCL-90-R Depression factor. Several issues related to the equivalency between the MMPI and the MMPI-2 were discussed.     

An abbreviation of the MMPI with increased comprehensibility and readability

A 167-item short form of the MMPI, the Improved Readability Form (IRF), was shown to contain items that were more readable, more stable, and less ambiguous than excluded items. MMPIs were obtained on 60 medical and psychiatric patients, presumably of normal intelligence, and raw scores for the IRF were calculated and correlated with the scales of the full MMPI. In addition, equations that allowed prediction of full-scale scores were calculated on the initial sample and applied to a second sample of 60 Ss with IQs between 80 and 110. For both samples, average IRF correlations with the full MMPI slightly exceeded corresponding correlations for the MMPI-168. Also, in cross-validation the IRF showed a greater correspondence with the MMPI in terms of clinical scale high points than did the MMPI-168. These results suggest that the IRF may function as well as available short forms with persons of normal and near normal intelligence and that, furthermore, it offers promise for use with Ss who are unable to understand the complete MMPI.     

MMPI-2 short form proposal: CAUTION.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used in neuropsychology, though its length (567 items) is sometimes prohibitive. This study investigated some psychometric characteristics of the 180-item version of the MMPI-2 () in order to delineate its strengths, limitations, and appropriate scope of clinical application. Limited reliability and poor predictive accuracy were recently reported for many of the MMPI-2 short-form scales in a study that used 205 brain-injured patients. In the present investigation, we used a psychiatric sample (N=186) with normal neurological findings to examine short-form accuracy in predicting basic scale scores, profile code types, identifying high-point scales, and classifying scores as pathological (T>/=65) or normal-range. The results suggest that, even as applied to neurologically normal individuals, the proposed short form of the MMPI-2 is unreliable for predicting clinical code types, identifying the high-point scale, or predicting the scores on most of the basic scales. In contrast, this short form can be used to predict whether the full-scale scores fall within the pathological range (T>/=65). These findings suggest that clinicians might be able to salvage a small amount of information from the shortened (180-item) version of the MMPI-2 when MMPI-2 protocols are incomplete. However, clinicians should not use a standard interpretive approach with this test, and routine clinical application is unwarranted. Future evaluations of short-form validity should provide a more detailed examination of individual protocols, including an analysis of the frequency of accurate prediction of full-form scores.     

A comparison of MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores for men and women

The original MMPI linear T-score norms are compared with the new linear and uniform T-score norms for the MMPI-2 across basic validity and clinical scales for both men and women. The comparison indicated more pronounced normative changes for certain scales and somewhat more pronounced changes for men than for women. Relationships between MMPI-2 and MMPI T-scores across scales are complex; a few MMPI-2 scales show enhancement, others show attenuation across the full range of the scale, and other scales show attenuation in the middle and lower ranges of the scale with enhancement in the upper ranges. Possible implications and effects of the new MMPI-2 T-score norms on original MMPI scale high-point elevation and high-point codes are discussed.     

Discriminative dimensions of the MMPI as a function of age and psychopathology

Investigated the discriminative ability of the MMPI validity and clinical scales with schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients across various age levels. Two hundred psychiatric inpatients comparised the sample. Results suggest that age does affect MMPI scale scores of psychiatric inpatients and that schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients present divergent MMPI profiles for the two groups studied. Comparability with earlier findings and interpretive trends are offered.