针刺抽吸式切除女性尿道旁腺囊（脓）肿18例

女性尿道旁腺囊肿临床少见,是尿道旁良性肿物,若合并感染,则易发展成尿道旁腺脓肿。目前,尿道旁腺囊肿首选治疗方法是囊肿切除术,但有手术时囊壁破裂、尿道损伤的风险。我院2008年1月至2013年6月对18例女性尿道旁腺囊（脓）肿行针刺抽吸式切除,取得满意疗效,报道如下：1临床资料1.1一般资料及临床表现18例年龄23-45岁,平均29岁,均已婚。     

碘溶液治疗前庭大腺囊肿、脓肿250例疗效观察

前庭大腺囊肿、脓肿,一直行切开引流或造口术或行剥除术。我院自1991年4月～1995年8月,应用3％碘溶液行前庭大腺囊肿、脓肿囊内注射治疗250例,现将其疗效报告如下: 1 资料与方法 250例中前庭大腺囊肿196例,脓肿54例。年龄23～66岁,病程2月～40年,右侧138例,左侧112例,囊肿、脓肿最小2×2×2cm,最大6×5×4cm,抽出囊液最少2ml,最多24ml。在前庭大腺囊肿     

囊内注射无水乙醇法治疗前庭大腺囊肿

前庭大腺脓肿和囊肿是妇科常见病之一 ,目前常用的治疗方法分别是切开引流并作造口术和直接囊肿造口术。自 2 0 0 0年 9月至 2 0 0 2年 9月我院妇科应用囊腔内注射无水乙醇法治疗前庭大腺囊肿共 63例 ,其中 5 1例定期门诊随访 6个月 ,取得了较为满意的效果 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组 5 1例 ,年龄 18～ 45岁 ,平均 3 2 .6岁。其中前庭大腺脓肿者 2 0例 ,前庭大腺囊肿者 3 1例 ,治疗后定期门诊随访 6个月。同时随机抽取 18～ 45岁前庭大腺囊肿 ( 3 0例 )和脓肿 ( 2 0例 )患者行囊肿造口术和切开引流做造口术者共 5 0例作…     

平阳霉素囊内注射治疗泌尿系统囊肿性疾病30例

目的 :探索平阳霉素囊内注射治疗肾囊肿、精索囊肿及睾丸鞘膜积液的疗效。方法 :用穿刺针抽出囊腔内的液体 ;将稀释后的平阳霉素 (8～ 2 4mg)注入囊腔内。 1mo和 3mo时B超复查。结果 :1 4例肾囊肿有 9例囊肿经 1次治疗完全消失 ,3例囊肿直径缩小至 2～ 3cm ,2例囊肿经再次治疗后完全消失。精索囊肿 7例、睾丸鞘膜积液 9例 ,完全消失者各 5例 ,直径缩小至 1 5cm以下者分别为 2例和 4例。结论 :平阳霉素囊内注射治疗肾囊肿、精索囊肿和鞘膜积液效果良好     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松注射治疗舌前腺囊肿60例疗效观察

目的 评价平阳霉素联合地塞米松保守治疗舌前腺囊肿的临床效果.方法 2009年12月～20010年12月期间确诊舌前腺囊肿患者60例,随机分为A组和B组,各30例.两组均采用抽尽囊液后腔内注射药物,A组注射5mg·mL<'-1>平阳霉素1mL,地塞米松8mg,加入2%利多卡因注射液3nL混合液;B组注射4%碘酊+2%利多...     

碘酊治疗前庭大腺脓肿与囊肿疗效观察

前庭大腺脓肿系因病原体侵犯腺管,腺管口阻塞,脓汁积存形成;前庭大腺囊肿系因前庭大腺管阻塞,分泌物积聚而成。前庭大腺脓肿与囊肿是两种不同性质的疾病,主要采用手术治疗。我院于1989—03～1992—02应用2%碘酊溶液行前庭大腺腔内注射疗法治疗前庭大腺脓肿26例,治疗前庭大腺囊肿38例。现报道如下。     

碘酊注射治疗唇粘液腺囊肿及舌下腺囊肿35例临床分析

自1992年至今,我院口腔科采用1.5%～3.0%的碘酊注射于唇粘液腺囊肿或舌下腺囊肿囊肿腔内的方法,治疗了唇粘液腺囊肿25例,舌下腺囊肿10例,效果满意,特此予以介绍。1 治疗方法①表浅的唇小粘液囊肿可不抽出粘液,用5ml注射器及5号针头吸取适量2.0%的碘酊,自囊肿基底边缘穿入囊腔,缓慢注入,直至囊肿表面明显变色。②有些大且深的囊肿应尽可能的抽尽囊液后,先注入2%盐酸利多卡因(注满囊腔)。必要时可加入盐酸肾上腺素0.1mg,待15min后再抽出,注入2.0%～2.5%碘酊,使整个囊腔完全充盈。反复抽注几次,直至注入碘酊颜色不再变淡,20min…     

甲硝唑局部穿刺冲洗与注射治疗前庭大腺脓肿

目的：探讨局部穿刺注射甲硝唑治疗前庭大腺脓肿的疗效。方法：前庭大腺脓肿病人３２例,年龄（３２．０±ｓ２．０）ａ,用苯扎溴铵常规消毒外阴,以８号针头接２０ｍＬ注射器在脓肿最低位置穿刺,抽净脓液后再注射与脓液等量的甲硝唑（浓度为０．２％）,反复冲洗脓腔３～５次,直到抽出液无脓液为止,再注入为抽出液３／４量的０．２％甲硝唑注射液,拔针,压迫进针处３ｍｉｎ。结果：１次治愈２６例（８１％）,２次治愈６例。结论：甲硝唑局部穿刺冲洗与注射治疗前庭大腺脓肿疗效好     

微创疗法治疗舌下腺囊肿的临床效果评价

目的 探讨应用平阳霉素联合地塞米松治疗舌下腺囊肿的疗效.方法 应用平阳霉素及地塞米松治疗舌下腺囊肿患者120例,平阳霉素1支(8mg),地塞米松1支(5mg)加入到2%盐酸利多卡因3ml中,混合液终浓度为每1ml溶液中含平阳霉素2mg、地塞米松1.25mg,囊肿腔内注射,酌情给药.7d注射1次,3次为1疗程.囊肿完全消失者为治愈;囊肿缩小,但不能完全消失或需要手术辅助治愈者为好转.结果 治愈109例(90.8%),好转11例(9.2%).结论 应用平阳霉素联合地塞米松局部注射治疗舌下腺囊肿,可作为不能耐受手术治疗患者的首选.     

5%鱼肝油酸钠注射治疗下唇粘液囊肿

我科用5%鱼肝油酸钠注射治疗下唇粘液囊肿85例,经临床观察,疗效满意。四年来共治疗85例,其中83例治愈,肿块消失,一般不留硬结;2例无效,此2例均是在其他医院手术摘除治疗后复发,经注射2～3次囊肿不消失而停止治疗。83例中,30例随访4年,29例随访3年,24例随访1～2年,未见复发。方法:局部以2%碘酒消毒后,用注射器空针(7号)先抽出囊腔内容物,有的囊液粘稠不易抽出,可以手指加压,使液从针眼外溢,待囊肿塌陷有皱折后,再用5%鱼肝油酸钠加2%奴夫卡因等量,沿原针眼注入囊腔内(不要太深),注入量之多少,可根据囊肿大小而定,一般情况注入后使囊肿     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.