慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉复发的相关影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSw NP)复发的相关影响因素。方法选取2011年2月至2014年3月就诊的CRSw NP患者206例,收集临床资料,鼻息肉组织病理学检查,所有患者手术治疗后进行随访,记录患者术后鼻息肉复发情况。结果 CRSw NP患者随访中,115例(55.8%)患者出现复发,91例(44.2%)患者未出现复发,复发组患者合并哮喘比例、外周血Eos比例、流涕评分、头/面疼痛评分、嗅觉损伤、Lund-Mackay评分和组织嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)比例均高于未复发组,而外周血中性粒细胞(Neu)比例、组织Neu比例、组织淋巴细胞比例和组织浆细胞比例均低于未复发组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,组织嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)比例是影响CRSw NP复发的独立危险因素(P0.001);ROC曲线分析显示,组织Eos比例在预测CRSw NP复发时,曲线下面积0.948(95%CI:0.923~0.974),当组织Eos比例为18.9%时,灵敏度75.8%,特异度98.3%。结论组织Eos比例是影响CRSw NP复发的独立危险因素,当组织Eos比例为18.9%时,具有最佳的诊断价值。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴或不伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)伴或不伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术的疗效及其影响因素。 方法 纳入126例伴鼻息肉和154例不伴鼻息肉的CRS患者,行鼻内镜手术治疗后随访6个月,比较两组患者的疗效、并发症和生活质量,并分析疗效的影响因素。 结果 两组疗效和并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后CRS伴或不伴鼻息肉患者的生活质量SF-36问卷躯体健康、躯体角色功能、心理健康、情绪角色功能、精力和总体健康得分均较前显著升高(P<0.05),CRS不伴鼻息肉患者的情绪角色功能显著高于CRS伴鼻息肉患者(t=-4.107, P<0.001);治疗后规律冲洗鼻腔(P<0.001, OR=0.456, 95%CI: 0.727~0.913)和规律使用激素(P=0.029, OR=0.645, 95%CI: 0.325~0.752)对疗效有显著影响。 结论 鼻内镜手术对CRS伴或不伴鼻息肉患者的疗效和安全性无差别,但不伴鼻息肉的患者术后情绪角色功能恢复更佳,CRS的疗效还受到术后是否规律行鼻腔冲洗和激素的影响,因此临床应重视术后处理。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者窦腔的细菌分布及药敏观察

目的:了解慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)患者窦腔的细菌分布及药敏情况.方法:收集51例CRS手术患者窦腔脓液和病变黏膜行细菌培养和药敏试验,分析监测结果.结果:51例送检标本,阳性41例,阳性率为80.39%,其中表皮葡萄球菌17株,克氏库克菌3株,烟曲菌、铜绿假单胞菌、产气肠杆菌、粪肠球菌各2株,金黄色葡萄球菌等18个菌种各1株.分离菌株对常用抗生素敏感度:万古霉素100%,莫西沙星100%,左旋氧氟沙星92.31%,利福平90.91%,环丙沙星81.58%.复方新诺明67.65%,阿奇霉素47.62%.克拉霉素45.00%.氨苄西林/舒巴坦35.90%,头孢曲松钠39.39%,头孢呋辛钠30.43%,青霉素8.33%.结论:CRS多伴有细菌感染,喹诺酮类可作为内镜鼻窦手术后的首选抗生素.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉筛窦黏膜病理形态学研究

目的 探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉(chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps，CSNP)各型的病理变化特点和病变规律。方法 采用HE、VanGieson’s染色、阿尔辛蓝-过碘酸-雪夫等染色法观察并测量CSNP病变黏膜主要结构的改变。用透射电镜和扫描电镜重点观察黏膜上皮纤毛的改变。结果 光镜下黏膜上皮、纤维组织均有不同程度的增生，基底膜增厚，黏液腺体增多。其中I型病变最轻，Ⅲ型病变最显著，而黏液腺体增多在Ⅱ型最明显。电镜观察，透视电镜下CSNP各型表现为纤毛结构异常，纤毛细胞减少，杯状细胞增多；扫描电镜下可见纤毛从排列稍乱，到紊乱、倒伏、大片脱落，被微绒毛所代替等病变逐渐加重的过程。结论 3型CSNP筛窦黏膜病变和组织结构有明显的量和质的差别，海口标准(1997)CSNP临床分型分期具有病理学基础，能代表CSNP发生发展及转归规律。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉合并哮喘患者肺功能分析

目的 分析慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)合并哮喘患者肺功能情况。 方法 选取74例经鼻内镜手术(FESS)的CRSwNP合并哮喘患者,分组进行肺功能比较:男49例(男性组),女25例(女性组);吸烟32例(吸烟组),不吸烟42例(非吸烟组);血清特异性IgE阳性者27例(IgE组),阴性者47例(非IgE组);外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高(外周血嗜酸粒细胞绝对值>0.5×10⁹/L)者27例(外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高组),未升高者47例(外周血嗜酸粒细胞非升高组);术后送检鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高(嗜酸粒细胞平均>10个/HPF)者31例(组织嗜酸粒细胞升高组),未升高者43例(组织嗜酸粒细胞非升高组)。所有肺功能检测均在具有上岗资质变态反应科专业医师指导下完成,检测数据由德国康讯肺功能仪(PowerCubeBody)采集,肺功能指标包括第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV₁)占预计值的百分比(FEV₁% pre)、FEV₁与用力肺活量(FVC)的比值占预计值的百分比(FEV₁/FVC% pre)、最大通气量(MVV)占预计值的百分比(MVV% pre)、用力呼出50%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流(FEF_50%)、用力呼出75%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流(FEF_75%)及最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)。74例患者评估肺功能下降程度后针对性给予雾化吸入治疗,2~3次/d,沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂1吸,2次/d,予孟鲁司特钠 10 mg/d,氯雷他定10 mg/d口服,同时给予盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂 2次/d+布地奈德鼻喷雾剂 2次/d喷鼻治疗。自入院至术前,患者行药物治疗时间为1~14 d。所有患者术前30 min雾化吸入1次,麻醉前行沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂1吸。对术前药物干预后肺功能改善情况进行判定。 结果 74例患者均顺利完成手术。入院时女性组FEF_50%、FEF_75%及MMEF低于男性组(t分别为3.213、2.829、3.644,P分别为0.002 0、0.006 1、0.000 5),吸烟组较非吸烟组、外周血及鼻息肉组织中嗜酸粒细胞升高组均较非升高组FEV₁/FVC% pre下降(t分别为2.032、2.259、2.634,P分别为0.045 8、0.029 2、0.010 3),同时鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高组较非升高组MVV% pre降低(t=2.453, P=0.0166)。经术前规范药物干预后,患者肺功能指标FEV₁%pre、FEV₁/FVC% pre、MVV% pre、FEF_50%、FEF_75%及MMEF均较入院时改善(t分别为6.640、6.071、8.166、5.554、6.137、4.256, P均为0.000 0)。 结论 CRSwNP合并哮喘患者中,女性较男性更易伴发小气道功能障碍;吸烟、外周血及鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高亦可影响肺功能;规范的术前药物干预可有效改善CRSwNP合并哮喘患者的肺功能,减少围术期哮喘急性发作风险,有助于手术顺利实施。     

115例农村慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者分泌物病原菌培养分析

目的：了解农村地区慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的细菌分布、药物敏感性特征及抗生素使用对病原菌培养的影响。方法：选取115例居住在农村地区的CRS患者的鼻腔鼻窦分泌物,分别行需氧菌、厌氧菌培养及药物敏感试验。统计患者2周及近2个月内使用抗生素的情况。结果：115例标本中共检出37例17种致病菌,需氧菌阳性率为32.17%。表皮葡萄球菌为农村地区CRS中最常见的需氧菌。17例上颌窦标本厌氧菌培养无结果。115例患者中近2个月内使用抗生素者有90例（78.26%）,近2周内使用抗生素者有73例（63.48%）。采用χ2检验发现在伴鼻息肉的CRS组中,细菌培养率高（P〈0.05）,提示细菌性因素与鼻息肉生成有关联。CRS患者细菌培养阳性者对氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等敏感,而对青霉素G、氨苄西林、红霉素等有较高的耐药现象。结论：农村地区CRS细菌分布无特异性差异,CRS患者抗生素滥用及厌氧菌培养技术原因是导致培养阳性率低最主要的因素。合理使用抗菌药物应建立在细菌培养和药物敏感试验的基础上。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉药物治疗进展概述

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)鼻息肉为临床常见病、多发病,多数学者认为对于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴发鼻息肉者应首先选择药物治疗,只有在规范的药物治疗无效或发生并发症的情况下才考虑手术治疗;而对于CRS伴发鼻息肉者,仍应首先考虑手术治疗.近来有专家研究发现某些药物可使鼻息肉缩小甚至消失,为临床非手术治疗鼻息肉或鼻息肉术后减少复发提供了可能.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的研究在争议中进展

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis)的研究是耳鼻咽喉科的焦点问题之一,尤其是最近几年,欧美知名学者连续制订了5个大型的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床指导性文件,包括比较有影响力的2004年美国5个学会联合公布的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床研究和诊疗指南[1](以下简称5A 2004)以及2007年欧洲变态反应和临床免疫学会发表的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉诊疗意见书[2](简称EPOS 2007).这些指南(意见书)不同于以往的专家观点,而是在大量文     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期临床观察

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期处理,以减少并发症及不良事件的发生,提高治愈率。方法：对152例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘患者鼻内镜围手术期的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：经过规范的围手术期治疗,全部患者术前哮喘控制情况良好,116例患者术毕返回病房后13例哮喘不同程度发作;35例术毕直接送往ICU观察24~48h,返回病房后1例哮喘急性发作;1例术毕拔管后即刻出现哮喘发作;以上患者经治疗后均好转。术后随访1年,恢复良好。结论：应充分认识慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与哮喘的密切关系,规范围手术期处理,掌握哮喘急性发作时的处理原则。只要做好充分围手术期准备,伴哮喘的鼻内镜手术是安全的,并可有良好的疗效。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后复发的危险因素及相关模型构建

目的 探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后复发的影响因素并构建相关模型。方法 选择2017年1—12月行鼻内镜术的172例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者作为研究对象,以患者术后1年内是否复发作为分组依据,将复发的48例患者纳入复发组,将未复发的124例患者纳入未复发组,对两组患者的临床资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,并建立预测模型,应用工作特征（ROC）曲线检测其区分度,应用拟合优度检验评价其校准度。选取2019年1—7月行鼻内镜术的80例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者进行预测模型的临床验证。结果 单因素结果表明：两组患者的年龄、鼻窦炎分型、哮喘、手术时间、焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分相比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、鼻窦炎分型、哮喘、手术时间、SAS评分与术后复发均有相关性（P均<0.05）;患者行鼻内镜术后复发的概率预测模型的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.936。该模型的临床验证显示灵敏度为85.00%,特异度为93.33%,预测正确率为91.25%。结论 年龄、鼻窦炎分型、哮喘、手术时间、SAS评分是慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后复发的影响因素。根据各危险因素的构建模型能够有效预测患者术后复发概率。     

Real-world characterisation of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with and without surgery in England

Objectives

To characterise the real-world burden of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in the UK, stratified by number of surgeries.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database with Hospital Episodes Statistics linkage (2007–2019).

Participants

Adults ≥18 years of age with a first NP diagnosis (index) and 365 days of baseline and ≥180 days of follow-up data. Follow-up continued until disenrollment, death or end of data collection.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary: primary care physician prescribed CRSwNP-related treatments, and all-cause healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) in 90 days post-index, stratified by surgeries during follow-up. Secondary: rate of surgery and CRSwNP point prevalence. Baseline patient demographics, clinical characteristics and comorbidities were also assessed.

Results

Of the 33 107 patients included, 23.5% and 2.2% had ≥1 and ≥2 surgeries during follow-up, respectively (mean follow-up: 5.3 years). Patients with more surgeries (≥2/≥1/0) during follow-up were more likely to be male (67.3%/69.0%/58.0%), have asthma (37.8%/28.2%/20.2%) and have baseline blood eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/μL (68.5%/66.0%/51.5%). During the first 90-days post-index as surgery number increased, the proportion of patients using oral corticosteroids (25.8%/20.7%/14.2%) and mean (SD) number of all-cause healthcare visits (5.9 [4.2]/5.4 [4.0]/4.9 [4.2]) increased. Time between surgeries was shorter among patients with more surgeries. CRSwNP prevalence on 31 December 2018 was 476 cases per 100 000 persons.

Conclusion

A small proportion of patients in the UK required multiple surgeries for CRSwNP and this was associated with increasing comorbidity burden, baseline blood eosinophil counts, CRSwNP-related treatment and HCRU use.     

嗜酸性粒细胞与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的相关性研究进展

慢性鼻窦炎（chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS）是鼻腔黏膜和鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎性疾病,根据有无鼻息肉可分为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps,CRSsNP）。鼻息肉组织常见有嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS) 浸润增多,根据嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润程度可将CRSwNP分为两个亚型：嗜酸粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, ECRSwNP)和非嗜酸粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉 (nonesinophilc chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,nonECRSwNP);将慢性鼻窦炎分为：嗜酸粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎（eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, ECRS)和非嗜酸粒细胞型慢性鼻窦炎(non eosinophilic,NECRS)。嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉形成、发展机制中的作用多年来一直备受学者们关注。随着研究的不断深入,嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻窦炎鼻息肉炎症趋化、息肉形成、分型和预后中的作用得到越来越多的重视。     

Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis: detection of staphylococcal exotoxins in nasal polyps

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The role of infectious agents in the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remains unclear. Recent studies have provided indirect evidence of exposure to staphylococcal exotoxins in the blood and polyp tissue of patients with CRSwNP. These exotoxins have the capacity to act as superantigens, bypassing normal antigen processing and directly stimulating a massive inflammatory response. The objective of the study was to analyze mucus and polyp tissue samples from patients with CRSwNP for the presence of staphylococcal exotoxins. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Tissue and mucus samples were obtained from 42 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis and 11 normal control patients. Twenty-nine of 42 patients had chronic rhinosinusitis with bilateral nasal polyposis, 2 had antrochoanal polyps, and 11 had chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. Eleven patients without chronic rhinosinusitis or polyps served as normal control patients. Specimens were analyzed for the presence of five staphylococcal exotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1 [TSST-1]) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histological analysis of specimens and mean eosinophil counts were correlated with the presence of toxin. RESULTS: At least one toxin was detected in 14 of 29 patients with bilateral nasal polyposis. Nine of the 14 patients also had positive findings for additional toxins. The dominant histological pattern in the CRSwNP patient group was polypoid mucosa with edema, which was found in both ELISA-positive and ELISA-negative patients. Mean eosinophil counts tended to be higher in ELISA-positive patients with polyps compared with patients without toxin detection. No toxin was detected in the 11 specimens taken from normal control patients. Only 1 of the 13 patients with CRS without polyps had positive ELISA results for toxin. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates the presence of superantigen toxins in 14 of 29 patients with CRSwNP, with SEB and TSST-1 being the most common. Further studies are necessary to correlate the presence of toxin with the pathological changes present in polyp tissue.     

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affects patient quality of life. Medical and surgical treatments aim to clinically manage the condition.ObjectiveTo assess the long-term quality of life and clinical management of CRS in patients submitted to endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodThis prospective cross-sectional cohort study enrolled 38 patients and looked into the follow-up data of subjects diagnosed with CRS before surgery, three months after surgery, and at least two years after surgery. The Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) was used to assess response to treatment and long-term clinical management of the disease.ResultsSignificant improvements in the SNOT-22 scores were seen between the preoperative (61.3) and postoperative assessments with three (16.9) and 24 (32.3) months. No statistically significant differences were seen when patients with polyps were compared to polyp-free subjects. Few patients were controlled in both groups, and 7.89% of the subjects had revision surgery during the study.ConclusionEndoscopic sinus surgery significantly improved the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical control of the condition was acceptable, with few patients requiring re-operation within two years of the first surgery.     

Role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Background/Objective: The pathophysiological and prognostic role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) emerging from recent studies was investigated.

Material and Methods: The main available evidence and largely-recent publications were critically analyzed.

Results: Several authors reported a direct association between blood eosinophilia and CRSwNP recurrence rates. In some large series, a direct association between recurrent CRSwNP and blood basophil values emerged too. CRSwNP patients’ blood eosinophil and basophil values were strongly related. It was also found that preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte, and basophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in patients who experienced a disease relapse than in those who did not. In histologically-confirmed eosinophilic-type CRSwNP treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, mean blood eosinophil values dropped significantly from before to after the surgical procedure.

Conclusions/Significance: CRSwNP endotypes have different inflammatory profiles reflected in the relative proportions of different types of blood cells. The available data support the theory that blood eosinophil and basophil levels should be included in the routine preoperative work-up of CRSwNP patients in order to give patients accurate prognostic information, adopt rational follow-up protocols after surgery, and provide dedicated postoperative medical treatments.     

Toll样受体及其传导通路在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉中的表达

目的：探讨Toll样受体（TLRs）及其传导通路在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义。方法：慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉及正常对照组各10例分别抽提RNA,逆转录成eDNA后扩增cRNA并标记,采用SuperArray第2代功能分类芯片技术检测TLRs及其传导通路表达,化学发光的芯片图像通过X胶片和台式扫描仪获得。使用GEArray表达分析配套软件进行完整的芯片数据分析。结果：与正常对照组织相比,鼻息肉组织中表达上调2倍的基因有4条,表达下调2倍的基因有15条。结论：TLRs及其传导通路在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉组织与正常鼻黏膜中的表达差异提示天然免疫在慢性鼻窦炎发病中发挥一定的作用。TLR9及其激动剂在慢性鼻窦炎发病及治疗中的作用需进一步研究。