血清PSA与前列腺癌骨转移的关系

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)预测前列腺癌骨转移的价值.方法:以全身核素骨显像为金标准,回顾性分析放免法测定的58例前列腺癌骨转移和63例非骨转移患者血清PSA水平与骨转移的关系.结果:血清PSA≤10/μg/L者骨转移的发生率极低,发生率为0.PSA≥20 μg/L者有骨转移的可能,骨转移的发生率为50%.PSA≥40/μg/L者骨转移的可能性极大,骨转移的发生率为68%.结论:对于新诊断而未治疗的前列腺癌的患者,PSA<10μg/L者无骨痛或病理性骨折时不必行全身核素骨显像检查.PSA≥20μg/L者应常规行全身核素骨显像检查,以早期确诊前列腺癌骨转移.     

PSA、ECT骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的临床价值

目的 :探讨前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、发射型计算机断层扫描 (ECT)骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的临床价值。方法 :对 6 7例 (骨转移组 4 4例 ,非骨转移组 2 3例 )前列腺癌病人的PSA、ECT与骨转移的关系进行回顾性分析。　结果 :ECT骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移的敏感性 91.6 7% ,骨显像表现为单个核素浓聚灶的病人 6例 ,仅 2例为前列腺癌骨转移。骨转移组与非骨转移组的PSA值差异有显著性 (87.2 8μg/Lvs 2 5 .37μg/L ,P <0 .0 1) ;PSA与骨转移的程度正相关 ,PSA <10 μg/L ,骨转移率为 0 ;PSA 10～ 2 0 μg/L ,骨转移率 7.6 9% ;PSA 2 0～ 6 0 μg/L ,骨转移率5 3.33% ;PSA 6 0～ 10 0 μg/L ,骨转移率 91.6 7% ;PSA >10 0 μg/L ,骨转移率 10 0 %。 　结论 :ECT骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移有较高的敏感性 ,但对单个转移灶诊断的特异性不高。对未经治疗的前列腺癌病人 ,PSA <10 μg/L ,前列腺癌骨转移的可能性极小 ;PSA >10 0 μg/L者 ,骨转移的可能性极大     

前列腺癌骨转移患者血清PSA、CEA、ⅠCTP的表达及临床价值

目的:探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽(ⅠCTP)在前列腺癌(PCa)骨转移患者血清中的表达及临床价值。方法:根据骨显像将60例PCa患者分为无骨转移组26例和骨转移组34例,同时选取30例正常人血清作对照组,检测三组血清PSA、CEA、ⅠCTP水平。结果:骨转移组较无骨转移组和对照组血清PSA、CEA及ⅠCTP水平高(P<0.05);无骨转移组较对照组血清PSA及CEA升高(P<0.05);无骨转移组与对照组血清在ⅠCTP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PSA、CEA、ⅠCTP在PCa骨转移患者血清表达增加。ⅠCTP在诊断前列腺骨转移中有较高的特异性。     

SPECT与PSA联合检测诊断前列腺癌的临床意义

目的：探讨放射性核素骨显像与血清前列腺特异抗原联合检测在前列腺癌诊断中的临床意义。方法;采用单光子发射型计算机断层摄影术骨显像及血清ＰＳＡ浓度检测诊断ＰＣａ患者６３例。结果：６３例ＰＣａ患者中,血清ＰＳＡ测定阳性率为９６．８３％,ＳＰＥＣＴ骨显像转移率为５７．１４％。结论：ＳＰＥＣＴ骨显像与血清ＰＳＡ浓度联合检测对于ＰＣａ患者的临床诊断及治疗具有重要的指导意义。     

^99mTc—MDP骨扫描在前列腺癌骨转移诊断中的价值

目的：探讨^99mTc-MDP骨扫描在前列腺痛骨转移诊断中的价值。方法：对明确诊断为前列腺癌的527例患者行^99mTc-MDP骨扫描,骨扫描不能确诊为骨转移者再经MRI、CT和病理检查等最后确诊有无骨转移。结果：在527例前列腺癌^99mTc-MDP骨扫描中,阳性显像331例,阴性显像196例;最后确诊骨转移者318例,占前列腺癌总例数的60．34％（318／527）．无骨转移者209例,占前列腺癌总例数的39．66％（209／527）。^99mTc-MDP骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移的灵敏度为84．59％（269／318）,特异度为70．33％（147／209）,误诊率为29．67％（62／209）．漏诊率为15．4l％（49/318）．阳性预测值为81．27％（269／331）,阴性预测值为75．00％（147／l96）。随着^99mTc-MDP骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移病灶数量级别从I级增至Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级时,其诊断前列腺癌骨转移的准确度越来越高。结论：^99mTc-MDP骨扫描诊断前列腺癌骨转移具有微高的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测倩,误诊率和漏诊率低。随骨转移病灶级别的增加,其诊断前列腺癌有无骨转移的价值越来越大。     

核素骨显像对诊断泌尿生殖系肿瘤骨转移的临床价值

采用核素骨显像方法合身骨显像诊断尿生殖系恶性肿瘤骨转移患者５８例。结果前列腺癌、膀胱癌、肾癌骨转移率分别为６７．７４％、７２．７３％和３１．２５％。认为核素骨显像对肿瘤骨转移的诊断具有方法简单等特点，较Ｘ线等检查方法更能早期发现骨转移肿瘤病例。     

血清前列腺特异性抗原与碱性磷酸酶测定在判断前列腺癌骨转移中的价值

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平与前列腺癌骨转移的关系。方法:回顾性分析96例前列腺癌患者的临床资料(其中29例伴有骨转移,67例不伴有骨转移)及患者血清PSA、ALP水平和骨扫描情况。结果:骨扫描阳性患者的血清PSA和ALP平均浓度均明显高于骨扫描阴性者(P<0.01)。PSA>20μg/L时骨扫描的阳性率明显高于PSA<20μg/L时骨扫描的阳性率(P<0.01)。ALP>90 U/L时骨扫描的阳性率明显高于ALP<90 U/L时骨扫描的阳性率(P<0.01)。结论:伴有骨转移的前列腺癌患者血清PSA和ALP水平均明显高于无骨转移者。当血清PSA>20μg/L和(或)ALP>90 U/L时应行骨扫描检查。     

18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像CT检查在前列腺癌诊断和分期中的应用价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像CT检查(PET/CT)在前列腺癌诊断和分期中的应用价值.方法 经手术或穿刺活检病理证实为前列腺癌患者40例,年龄52 ～ 78岁,平均67岁.其中T24例,T316例,T420例.行18F-FDG PET/CT及99Tcm-MDPECT骨显像检查,统计PET/CT显像对前列腺癌原发灶、淋巴结转移及骨转移诊断的敏感性,对比分析PET/CT显像及99Tcm-MDPECT骨显像对骨转移的诊断效果.结果 40例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检查显示前列腺局部结节状放射性浓聚17例,对原发灶诊断敏感性为43％.17例淋巴结转移患者中CT检查发现8例,18F-FDG PET/CT检查发现15例,诊断敏感性为88％,其中5例患者因PET/CT检查改变了临床分期以及治疗方案.18F-FDG PET/CT对骨转移诊断的敏感性与99Tcm-MDP骨显像相近,但特异性(95％)和准确率(96％)均明显高于99Tcm-MDP骨显像,其中6例患者因PET/CT检查改变了临床分期,2例改变了治疗方案.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对前列腺癌淋巴结转移和骨转移有较高诊断价值,对前列腺的分期具有特殊优势,可为临床医生制定治疗方案提供可靠依据.     

血清睾酮水平预测前列腺癌骨转移的临床研究

目的:本研究观察低血清睾酮水平是否能独立预测前列腺癌骨转移的风险。方法:本研究纳入标准为接受前列腺穿刺证实为前列腺癌,并进行骨扫描检测的患者165例,患者年龄58~78(66.6±5.3)岁。所有患者在诊断为前列腺癌之前未接受过雄激素剥夺治疗、化疗、放射治疗。我们收集患者的临床资料包括:年龄、前列腺穿刺Gleason评分、血清性激素、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平,其中血清标本在前列腺穿刺之前的清晨收集。根据骨扫描结果,将前列腺癌分为骨扫描组和非骨扫描组,通过单因素分析筛选出有差异的因子,并进行了多因素非条件回归模型筛选出独立预测因子。结果:165例前列腺癌患者纳入本次研究,依据骨扫描结果分为前列腺癌骨转移组和非骨转移组。单因素分析结果显示年龄(P=0.126)、黄体生成素(P=0.930)、卵泡刺激素(P=0.763)和雌二醇(P=0.256)在两组之间并没有统计学差异,而血清PSA(P<0.001)、前列腺穿刺的Gleason评分(P<0.001)、血清睾酮(P=0.013)及血清碱性磷酸酶(P<0.001)在预测骨转移有统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示低血清睾酮(P=0.531)、前列腺穿刺Gleason评分(P=0.898)并不能作为独立因子预测前列腺癌骨转移的风险,而血清碱性磷酸酶(P<0.001,OR=1.018[1.011~1.026])和血清PSA(P<0.001,OR=1.029[1.015~1.044])是有效的预测前列腺癌骨转移的风险因子。结论:低血清睾酮水平与前列腺癌骨转移密切相关,但不能成为有效的预测前列腺癌骨转移的风险因子。     

血浆纤维蛋白原与前列腺癌骨转移的相关性及诊断价值研究

目的 研究血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)与前列腺癌骨转移的相关性及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月于张家港市第五人民医院泌尿外科住院治疗的148例前列腺癌患者的临床资料,根据是否存在骨转移分为骨转移组40例和非骨转移组108例。分别记录两组患者血浆Fib、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、Gleason评分及肿瘤分期等指标的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析检验前列腺癌骨转移危险因素。根据全身核素骨扫描检查结果将骨转移组患者按照病灶数目分为单发骨转移组(18例)和多发骨转移组(22例),比较两组间血浆Fib及PSA水平的差异。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血浆Fib对前列腺癌骨转移的辅助诊断价值。结果 骨转移组血浆Fib及PSA水平明显高于非骨转移组,且骨转移组Gleason评分7分及肿瘤分期T3-4患者比例明显高于非骨转移组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析的结果显示Fib升高、Gleason评分7及肿瘤分期T3-4均是前列腺癌骨转移的独立危险因素。多发骨转移组血浆Fib水平均明显高于单发骨转移组(P0.05),但两组间血浆PSA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。血浆Fib诊断前列腺癌骨转移的ROC曲线下面积AUC)为0.742(95%CI:0.645～0.841)。当血浆Fib诊断临界值取3.61 g/L时,其诊断效能最高,敏感度为68.6%,特异度为76.2%。结论 血浆Fib水平与前列腺癌骨转移程度呈正相关,并对诊断前列腺癌骨转移具有一定的诊断价值。     

Correlation of prostate-specific antigen before prostate cancer detection and clinicopathologic features: evaluation of mass screening populations

OBJECTIVES: Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has become the reference standard for prostate cancer diagnosis, few reports have examined the long-term changes in PSA values before the diagnosis of prostate cancer in a large number of subjects. We investigated serial PSA levels and related values before prostate cancer diagnosis in a mass screening population and analyzed the values in an attempt to discover some values useful in clinical diagnostic science. METHODS: We performed mass screening for prostate cancer in 9671 subjects from 1986 to 1998. The initial screening method was measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase from 1986 to 1991 and measurement of PSA from 1992 to 1998. As a result, 303 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. For all the cases diagnosed before 1991, we measured the serum PSA value in preserved frozen serum. RESULTS: The prostate cancer detection rate was 3.1% among all subjects observed during the 13-year period. By measurement of the PSA level using frozen serum during the pre-PSA era, we found that 62% of patients demonstrated a PSA abnormality for more than 1 year (average 2.8) before prostate cancer diagnosis. Prostate cancer that was diagnosed within 1 year after a PSA value became abnormal was not associated with bone metastasis. Concerning the relationship between PSA velocity (PSAV) and clinical stage, the proportion of Stage B cancer was 86% in the subjects whose PSAV level before diagnosis was 0.18 ng/mL/yr or less and it was only 29% in those with PSAV levels of 4.5 ng/mL/yr or more. Only 3 (3.5%) of 86 patients with prostate cancer with PSAV levels of 4.4 ng/mL/yr or less had bone metastasis, and 2 of those 3 patients had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although a total of 62% of patients had an abnormal PSA level more than 1 year before prostate cancer diagnosis, no patients with prostate cancer who were diagnosed within 1 year after the PSA level became abnormal had bone metastasis. Among patients who have undergone mass screening twice or more, a clinically useful indicator of the lack of bone metastasis would be a period between the detection of PSA levels of 4.1 ng/mL or more but not more than 10 ng/mL and prostate cancer diagnosis of less than 1 year and a diagnosis of well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma or a PSAV of 4.4 ng/mL/yr or less and a cancer diagnosis of well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.     

总前列腺特异抗原、游离前列腺特异抗原、碱性磷酸酶和Gleason评分联合检测对前列腺癌骨转移的预测价值

探讨总前列腺特异抗原（tPSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原（fPSA）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和Gleason评分与前列腺癌骨转移的关系,评价联合检测对前列腺癌骨转移的预测价值。 方法 回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2018年11月1日在本院临床诊断为良性前列腺增生或前列腺癌的患者（tPSA>10 ng/mL）以及健康体检人群的临床资料,其中前列腺癌患者又经核素骨显像分为骨转移组和非骨转移组;共收集304例完整病例进行分析,其中前列腺癌骨转移组48例(15.8%）,前列腺癌未发生骨转移组116例（38.2%）,良性前列腺增生组56例（18.4%）,健康对照组84例（27.6%）。检测分析所有患者的tPSA 、fPSA、ALP值及Gleason评分。结果 任意两组之间的tPSA、fPSA比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;前列腺癌骨转移组的ALP均高于其他三组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;前列腺癌骨转移组的Gleason评分高于非骨转移组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,对不同分化程度的前列腺癌患者骨转移率进行比较,发现低风险组的骨转移率明显低于中高风险组（P<0.05）。单指标tPSA、fPSA和ALP预测前列腺癌骨转移时,绘制ROC曲线下面积分别为0.664、0.700和0.783,其cut off值分别为57.47 ng/mL、8.44 ng/mL、85.47 U/L;三项指标联合检测时发现tPSA+fPSA+ALP的特异度和阳性预测值分别达86.20%和64.40%,高于单指标和两项指标联合检测。结论 对于怀疑有骨转移的前列腺癌患者,不宜单独用血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）浓度来判断骨转移,应联合tPSA、fPSA、ALP三者及Gleason评分对前列腺癌患者发生骨转移风险的预测。     

Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen as a useful marker for monitoring metastatic bone activity in men with prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical usefulness of measuring the serum concentrations of pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) as markers for monitoring metastatic bone activity in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of ICTP, PICP, alkaline phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were analyzed in 104 untreated patients with prostate cancer, including 62 with and 42 without bone metastasis. Serial measurements of ICTP, PICP and PSA were performed during hormonal therapy in 35 of 62 prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. RESULTS: Serum levels of all markers except prostatic acid phosphatase were significantly higher with than without bone metastasis. The median values of each marker increased according to the extent of bone metastasis. Serial ICTP, PICP and PSA in 19 patients with a partial response or no change in bone scans demonstrated a downward trend after treatment, while in 16 with progression they showed an upward trend after treatment. The rate of detecting bone metastasis and progression using ICTP were highest compared with other markers based on the percent clinical effectiveness and receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring serum ICTP may be useful for detecting bone metastasis and prostate cancer progression, and may augment PSA and bone scan monitoring of metastatic bone activity.     

Prediction of bone metastases by combination of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer

Objective:   The clinical value of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PACP) for the prediction of bone metastases in prostate cancer were investigated.
Methods:   TRACP, PACP, ALP, and PSA serum levels were measured in 215 patients with prostate cancer, including 160 without and 55 with bone metastases. Correlation of serum marker levels with bone metastases was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each serum marker. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for the presence of bone metastasis.
Results:   Mean serum TRACP, PACP, ALP, and PSA levels were significantly elevated in patients with bone metastases compared with those without ( P  < 0.05). PSA and PACP levels increased significantly with clinical stage of the disease, whereas TRACP and ALP levels only increased significantly in stage D2. Serum TRACP levels correlated significantly with extent of disease on bone scans. ROC analyses showed no significant differences in area under the curve for these markers. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PSA, ALP, and TRACP were significant predictors of bone metastasis. Predicted and observed risks of bone metastasis were well correlated when TRACP, ALP, and PSA were combined and bone scan could have been omitted in 70% of patients by assessing these three markers.
Conclusions:   Serum TRACP can be considered a useful predictor of bone metastases in prostate cancer. A combination of TRACP, ALP, and PSA can obviate the need for a bone scan in 70% of cases.     

Pretreatment levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline as a potential marker in patients with prostate cancer with or without bone metastasis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive role of the bone markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), as indicators of bone turnover, at baseline in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Urinary DPD, serum ALP and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated in 23 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 115 with prostatic carcinoma, of whom 21 had bone metastasis, and in 16 age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and bone metastasis had a higher urinary excretion of DPD, and a higher serum PSA and ALP than had patients with BPH and those with prostate cancer but no metastasis. Receiver operating curve analysis for PSA, ALP and DPD showed a significant discriminating ability for positive and negative bone scans (P = 0.0684). However, from logistic regression of the combinations, only serum ALP was a significant independent predictor of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: Serum ALP or urinary DPD are the best predictors of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer; further studies with more patients are required.     

MRI of the skeleton in prostate cancer staging

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of MRI in the detection of bone metastases in newly diagnosed prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI examinations of the axial skeleton in 76 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were reviewed, and the relation of these findings to the serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was examined. RESULTS: MRI indicated bone metastases in 26/76 patients (34%) in the entire study group, in 4/24 (17%) with serum PSA <20 ng/ml and in 22/52 (42%) with serum PSA >20 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MRI is a more sensitive indicator of suspected bone metastases than bone scintigraphy in the low range of serum PSA, but less sensitive in the high range. Further studies of MRI and bone scintigraphy in parallel in patients with serum PSA <20 ng/ml are needed to elucidate their relative value in the staging of patients with prostate cancer.     

血清PSA值和前列腺结节指导前列腺穿刺活检的临床意义

目的 探讨血清ＰＳＡ浓度变化与前列腺癌及其骨转移的相关性。方法 对９３例直肠指诊异常及血清ＰＳＡ〉４ｎｇ／ｍｌ的患者,行直脾性Ｂ超引志下前列腺穿刺活检;用９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ行全身骨扫描判断有无骨。结果 ９３例中前列腺活检阳性者６０例,其中２６例扫描阳性;随血清ＰＳＡ浓度升高,前列腺阳性活检率及其远处骨转移阳性率升高。 血清ＰＳＡ升高与前列腺癌及其骨转移的发生率呈正相关。     

Evaluation of prostate cancer patients receiving multiple staging tests, including ProstaScint scintiscans

BACKGROUND: Multiple serum tests were performed on archival samples from patients who participated in trials to assess the ProstaScint scan staging ability. Traditional statistical analysis as well as artificial neural network (ANN) analysis were employed to evaluate individual patients and the group as a whole. The results were evaluated so that each factor was tested for prognostic value. METHODS: Data obtained from serum tests, bone scans, and ProstaScint scans were evaluated by traditional statistical methods and ANN to determine the individual value in clinical staging of prostate cancer. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-five patients (180 postprostatectomy, 95 intact prostate) with prostate cancer (14 with distant metastases) were available for analysis. Data available included: clinical state (remission or progression), most recent clinical TNM stage, bone scan, and ProstaScint scan. Serum was tested for prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA), prostate-specific antigen(PSA), free PSA (fPSA), and complexed PSA (cPSA). Additional calculations included percent free PSA, and percent complexed PSA. Spearman individual statistical assessment for traditional group evaluation revealed no significant factors for T-stage. The free PSA and complex PSA had a significant association with node (N)-status. The distant metastases (M) stage correlated well with the bone scan and clinical stage. ANN analysis revealed no significant T-stage factors. N-stage factors showed a 95% sensitivity and 49% specificity. These factors included the presence or absence of a prostate, PSA serum levels, bone scan, and ProstaScint scans as major associated indicators. ANN analysis of the important variables for M-stage included ProstaScint scan score, and PSA levels (total, percent complexed, percent free, and fPSA). These factors were associated with a 95% sensitivity and 15% specificity level. CONCLUSIONS: Two hundred seventy-five patients receiving treatment for prostate cancer were evaluated by ANN and traditional statistical analysis for factors related to stage of disease. ANN revealed that PSA levels, determined by a variety of ways, ProstaScint scan, and bone scan, were significant variables that had prognostic value in determining the likelihood of nodal disease, or distant disease in prostate cancer patients.