慢性牙周炎栖牙密螺旋体和牙周袋内硫化物水平的相关性研究

目的 研究慢性牙周炎病人牙周袋内栖牙密螺旋体和牙周袋内硫化物水平的关系。方法 临床上选取17例诊断为慢性牙周炎的病人,采用金刚探针/牙周诊断仪检测牙周袋内硫化物水平,记录牙周袋探诊深度、临床附着丧失以及探诊出血相关牙周指标。同时,采用16S rRNA PCR检测相同位点的栖牙密螺旋体。结果 慢性牙周炎病人栖牙密螺旋体检出率为88.2%,硫化物阳性位点和硫化物阴性位点中栖牙密螺旋体的检出率分别为68.5%和43.2%。硫化物阳性位点与阴性位点中牙周附着丧失（clinical attachment loss, CAL）平均值分别为（2.84±2.33）mm和（1.83±1.60）mm,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。硫化物阳性位点与阴性位点牙周探诊深度（probing depth, PD）平均值分别为（4.20±1.57）mm和（3.83±1.30）mm,两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。硫化物阳性位点中牙周探诊出血（bleeding on probing, BOP）阳性检出为率92.5%,大于硫化物阴性位点（75.8%）,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 慢性牙周炎病人牙周袋内的硫化物水平能反映牙周栖牙密螺旋体分布情况,与牙周附着丧失存在相关性。     

慢性牙周炎维护治疗期病程纵向观察

目的:了解慢性牙周炎维护治疗期临床指标变化规律。方法:对牙周非手术基础治疗后进入维护治疗期的22名慢性牙周炎患者进行9个月的纵向观察。每3个月给予口腔卫生宣教,龈上下洁刮治和根面平整,并在基线和每次复查时记录临床检查指标,包括:探诊牙周袋深度(PPD)、探诊附着水平(PAL)和探诊出血(BOP)。结果:患者平均PPD减少0.44 mm,PAL增加0.38 mm,病情的好转主要集中在观察期的前3个月。4mm以上的牙周袋较浅袋更易随时间延长发生牙周袋深度增加,后牙较前牙有更多位点出现牙周袋加深。结论:非手术基础治疗配合定期维护,在较短观察期内可使大多数位点临床指标保持稳定甚至好转。     

Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide治疗牙周炎垂直型骨吸收的临床疗效观察

目的评价异种骨移植物Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide治疗牙周骨下袋的临床疗效。方法选择28例全身健康的慢性牙周炎患者,经基础治疗6周以上,牙周袋深度超过5mm的垂直型骨吸收患牙40牙位,随机平分为2组。引导组织再生GTR组20个牙位,在翻瓣术同时植入Bio-Oss和Bio-Gide。对照组20个牙位仅行翻瓣术;术后3、6、12个月回访,检查探诊出血指数、菌斑指数、牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、牙龈退缩和牙松动度,及X线检查比较2组骨缺损修复情况。结果 GTR组术后3、6、12个月牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、探诊出血指数均比术前及对照组明显改善（P〈0.01）;术后6、12个月牙松动度比术前及对照组明显减轻;术后3、6、12月菌斑指数比术前轻度降低（P〈0.05）。对照组术后3、6、12个月牙周探诊深度和探诊出血指数较术前减少,临床附着丧失和菌斑指数较术前轻度降低,牙松动度和龈退缩与术前差异无显著性。结论 Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide能明显减轻牙周袋深度和减少牙周附着丧失,可促进牙周形成新附着和新骨。     

Duraphat对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗疗效观察和疼痛感受评价

目的:观察Duraphat对慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗疗效观察和疼痛感受评价。方法:选择80例慢性牙周炎维护期的患者,其全口4个象限每个象限至少各有2颗牙齿, 其邻面至少有1位点探诊深度>4 mm,有探诊出血, 根据随机表将4个象限随机分常规牙周基础治疗A组和基础治疗结合DuraphatB组两组。根据牙周探诊深度分为PD≥4 mm和PD>6 mm。常规牙周基础治疗组42例, 基础治疗结合Duraphat组38例。记录基线和治疗后1个月和3个月时,入选位点的牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、出血指数及刮治当时的疼痛程度VAS值。比较治疗后与治疗前的差值。结果:牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失和出血指数在治疗后各组都有明显改善,同时患者在治疗中的疼痛程度涂布Duraphat组较常规组VAS值明显降低。结论:Duraphat可以对不同程度的慢性牙周炎患者基础治疗辅助使用,并可以明显降低病人的疼痛感受。     

Clinical evaluation of Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide in the treatment of periodontitis with vertical bone resorption

目的 评价异种骨移植物Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide治疗牙周骨下袋的临床疗效.方法 选择28例全身健康的慢性牙周炎患者,经基础治疗6周以上,牙周袋深度超过5mm的垂直型骨吸收患牙40牙位,随机平分为2组.引导组织再生GTR组20个牙位,在翻瓣术同时植入Bio-Oss和Bio-Gide.对照组20个牙位仅行翻瓣术;术后3、6、12个月回访,检查探诊出血指数、菌斑指数、牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、牙龈退缩和牙松动度,及X线检查比较2组骨缺损修复情况.结果 GTR组术后3、6、12个月牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、探诊出血指数均比术前及对照组明显改善(P<0.01);术后6、12个月牙松动度比术前及对照组明显减轻;术后3、6、12月菌斑指数比术前轻度降低(P<0.05).对照组术后3、6、12个月牙周探诊深度和探诊出血指数较术前减少,临床附着丧失和菌斑指数较术前轻度降低,牙松动度和龈退缩与术前差异无显著性.结论 Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide能明显减轻牙周袋深度和减少牙周附着丧失,可促进牙周形成新附着和新骨.     

牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治对残留牙周袋临床疗效的评价研究

目的 评价牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治对牙周基础治疗后残留牙周袋的临床治疗效果.方法 收集20例慢性牙周炎患者259颗经牙周基础治疗后仍残留深牙周袋的患牙,行牙周内窥镜下超声龈下刮治,比较治疗前及治疗后3个月全口牙周探诊出血(BOP)和牙周探诊深度(PD)的变化.结果 内窥镜治疗后3个月全口平均PD值和BOP位点百分比有显著改善(P<0.001).单根牙和多根牙的平均PD均显著降低(P<0.001),PD≥5mm位点百分比显著改善(P<0.05),其中重度牙周袋位点的改善更明显(P<0.05).根分叉病变位点百分比治疗前后无明显变化.结论 残留牙周深袋经牙周内窥镜辅助超声龈下刮治后,单根牙和多根牙都有显著治疗效果,并且单根牙重度牙周袋位点改善更明显,但是多根牙II度及以上根分叉病变位点的改善有限.     

Vector超声系统对牙周炎维护期患者的疗效观察和疼痛感受评价

目的本研究应用Vector超声系统、手工刮治和常规超声系统对慢性牙周炎患者维护期的牙周袋进行治疗,以比较不同治疗方法的临床疗效和患者的疼痛程度。方法选择26例慢性牙周炎维护期的患者,其全口四个象限每个象限至少各有2颗牙齿,其邻面至少有一位点探诊深度≥4mm,有探诊出血,根据随机表将四个象限随机分入手工刮治组、传统超声治疗组（赛特力组）、Vector摩擦剂组和Vector抛光剂组进行龈下刮治。记录基线和治疗后3个月时,入选位点的菌斑指数、牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失、出血指数及刮治当时的疼痛程度VAS值。结果对于牙周炎维护期患者,Vector摩擦剂组、Vector抛光剂组的治疗效果和手工刮治组、赛特力组相同,牙周探诊深度、临床附着丧失和出血指数在治疗后都有明显改善,同时患者在治疗中的疼痛程度明显小于常规的手工刮治和超声刮治。结论Vector超声系统为牙周炎维护期患者的复查复治提供了一个新的有效手段,有利于增加患者的依从性。     

1%聚维酮碘液龈下冲洗对牙周炎的治疗作用

目的观察龈下超声刮治及根面平整后,采用1%聚维酮碘进行牙周袋内冲洗治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效。方法选择中度和重度慢性牙周炎患者30人,进行全口洁治、龈下超声刮治及根面平整,选取左侧前牙较重的一颗为实验组,用1%的聚维酮碘液进行牙周袋内冲洗;对照组选用同患者对侧同名牙,用生理盐水冲洗;避免选相邻的牙。记录治疗前、治疗后3、6个月的菌斑指数、探诊出血、牙周袋深度、附着丧失、龈沟出血指数;及厌氧菌和产黑色素类杆菌总数。结果治疗3个月后,2组的牙周袋探诊深度、菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数及探诊出血较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05);实验组附着丧失比治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);实验组牙周袋探诊深度、附着丧失、龈沟出血指数及探诊出血改善程度均大于对照组(P<0.05);2组牙周袋内厌氧菌总数与产黑色素类杆菌量较治疗前均有降低(P<0.05),实验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后与治疗3个月后各项临床指标及细菌学检查结果基本相同,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论龈下超声刮治及根面平整结合1%的聚维酮碘液牙周袋内冲洗,能提高治疗效果及较长时间控制龈下菌斑。     

牙周袋内挥发性硫化物与牙周炎症程度的关系

目的初步探讨牙周袋内挥发性硫化物与侵袭性牙周炎(aggressive periodontitis,AgP)和慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)炎症程度的关系。方法用金刚牙周探针诊断仪检查探诊深度、附着丧失、探诊出血等临床指标的同时,检测牙周袋内硫化物水平。共检查15例AgP和16例CP患者870个患牙的5 220个位点。结果无论是AgP还是CP患者,硫化物阳性位点的各项临床指标均明显高于阴性位点(P<0.001);硫化物水平与各项临床指标间都有明显的正相关关系(P<0.001);中、深袋组的硫化物水平和阳性位点率均明显高于浅袋位点(P<0.001);有附着丧失位点的硫化物水平和阳性位点率均高于无附着丧失位点,在浅袋组其差异有显著性。结论牙周袋内挥发性硫化物的检测可以反映侵袭性牙周炎和慢性牙周炎患者的牙周炎症程度。     

慢性牙周炎维护治疗期临床纵向观察

目的:了解慢性牙周炎维护治疗期临床指标变化规律。方法:对牙周非手术基础治疗后进入维护治疗期的22名慢性牙周炎病人进行9个月的纵向观察。每3个月给予口腔卫生宣教,龈上下洁刮治和根面平整。并在基线和每次复查时记录临床检查指标,包括探诊深度(PD)、临床附着水平(CAL)、探诊出血(BOP)。结果:后牙较前牙更易出现牙周袋加深,>6 mm深袋的比例6个月后显著下降,CAL改善在邻面及舌侧更加明显,BOP比例持续下降。结论:非手术基础治疗配合定期维护,可使临床指标在较短期内获得明显改善。     

重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者牙周序列治疗的临床研究

目的：观察重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎（generalized aggressive periodontitis, GAgP）患者牙周序列治疗后临床指标的变化,并评价其治疗效果。方法：15例GAgP患者在龈上洁治后1个月内完成龈下刮治、根面平整及光动力治疗,刮治后4周再评估,行翻瓣及翻瓣植骨术,每3个月进行1次牙周维护,序列治疗后纵向观察12个月。在基线和维护期各时间点记录全口探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、探诊出血（bleeding on probing, BOP）和牙齿松动度,磨牙记录根分叉病变的程度。结果：在基线时患者平均PD（3．96±2．21）mm,BOP阳性位点占88．1％。序列治疗后12个月平均PD（2．36±1．28）mm,BOP阳性位点减少至8．7％,其中轻、中、重度位点治疗后PD值与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：GAgP患者经牙周序列治疗和定期牙周维护能取得良好的治疗效果。     

Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP) and interleukin-1 levels

BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers harvested from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be useful to identify and predict periodontal disease progression and to monitor the response to treatment. C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links (ICTP), a host-derived breakdown product specific for bone, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1), a potent bone-resorptive cytokine, have been associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on GCF levels of ICTP and IL-1. METHODS: Twenty-five chronic periodontitis subjects were monitored at 8 sites per subject at baseline prior to scaling and root planing and 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy. Four shallow (probing depths < 4 mm) and 4 deep (probing depths > or = 5 mm) sites were monitored for both marker levels and clinical parameters. GCF was collected for 30 seconds on paper strips, and levels of ICTP and IL-1 were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, respectively. Clinical measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). RESULTS: Deep sites exhibited significantly (P<0.001) higher ICTP and IL-1 levels compared to shallow sites at all time intervals. ICTP demonstrated a stronger association to clinical parameters than IL-1 including a modest correlation (r = 0.40, P<0.001) between ICTP and attachment loss. Significant improvements in PD, CAL, and BOP were observed at 1, 3, and 6 months in all sites (P<0.01). However, non-surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce ICTP and IL-1 levels over the 6-month period. Further examination of subjects based on smoking status revealed that ICTP levels were significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months and IL-1 levels reduced at 3 months among non-smokers only. CONCLUSIONS: A single episode of non-surgical mechanical therapy did not significantly reduce biochemical markers associated with bone resorption in patients exhibiting chronic periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to specifically evaluate the relationship between C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links and periodontal disease progression.     

牙周非手术治疗对2型糖尿病伴牙周炎患者糖化血红蛋白A1c和血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1的影响

目的 探讨牙周非手术治疗对2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎（DMCP）患者牙周状况、糖代谢及血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）的影响。方法 选择诊断为2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎的患者,按糖化血红蛋白A1c （ GHbA1c ）控制水平分为血糖控制良好组（GHbA1c＜7.00％,DMCP1组,30例）和血糖控制较差组（GHbA1c≥7.00％,DMCP2组,30例）;选择不伴有系统性疾病的慢性牙周炎患者（CP组,30例）为对照组。所有患者均进行牙周非手术治疗,分析治疗前（基线）及治疗后1、3个月时探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）、菌斑指数（PLI）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、探诊出血（BOP）、空腹血糖（FPG）、GHbA1c及血清sICAM-1水平的变化。结果 治疗后1、3个月时,3组PD、SBI、PLI、BOP阳性率、血清sICAM-1水平比基线时均明显降低（P＜0.05）,CP组和DMCP1组CAL比基线时亦均明显降低（P＜0.05）,但DMCP2组CAL无明显变化（P＞0.05）。治疗后3个月时,DMCP2组GHbA1c水平与基线时比较平均降低1.12%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,但CP组和DMCP1组在整个观察期间GHbA1c水平与基线时比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 牙周非手术治疗可降低2型糖尿病伴牙周炎患者的牙周炎症程度及血清sICAM-1的水平,并可改善血糖控制良好者的牙周附着水平;该治疗还可以降低血糖控制较差者的GHbA1c水平。     

重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎患者非手术治疗的临床疗效观察

目的 观察重度广泛型侵袭性牙周炎(generalized aggressive periodontitis,GAgP)患者牙周非手术治疗后临床指标的变化,并评价其治疗效果.方法 19例GAgP患者在洁治后1个月内完成刮治和根面平整,每2个月进行1次牙周维护,纵向观察6个月.在基线和维护期各时间点记录全口探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、探诊出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)、附着丧失(attachment loss,AL)和牙齿松动度,磨牙记录根分叉病变的程度,其中7例患者在基线和治疗后6个月进行白细胞计数、中性粒细胞百分比和甘油三酯的检测.结果 在基线时患者的平均PD为(5.1±2.1)mm,BOP阳性位点占98.0%,AL(3.9±1.9)mm.治疗后6个月平均PD为(3.0±1.1)mm,BOP阳性位点减少至11.9%,AL(3.2±1.2)mm,其中重度位点治疗后PD减少[(4.0±1.6)mm]大于中度位点[(2.2±0.9)mm,P<0.001],切牙治疗后PD减少大于磨牙,中性粒细胞百分比治疗后6个月[(55.4±9.3)%]较治疗前[(65.7±9.9)%]明显减少(P<0.05).结论 GAgP患者经牙周非手术治疗和定期牙周维护能取得良好的治疗效果,磨牙可能需要进一步的刮治和根面平整或手术治疗.     

Periodontal maintenance in a specialist periodontal clinic and in general dental practice

OBJECTIVES: To monitor the efficacy of periodontal maintenance whether conducted in a specialist periodontology clinic or in the practice of the referring general dentist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five subjects with a diagnosis of moderate-severe chronic periodontitis who were referred to the specialist clinic received periodontal non-surgical therapy. Following a 6-month healing phase, subjects were randomly allocated to one of two groups: A (n=18, periodontal maintenance provided within the specialist clinic) or B (n=17, periodontal maintenance provided by the referring general dentist in accordance with written instructions provided by the specialist). All subjects were examined at months 0 (corresponding to 6 months post-completion of non-surgical therapy), 6 and 12. Full-mouth plaque index (PI), % bleeding on probing (%BOP) and probing depth (PD) measurements were recorded. PDs were also recorded at eight test sites which, prior to non-surgical therapy, exhibited PD 5-8 mm, BOP and radiographic alveolar bone loss. Standardized radiographs were exposed at test sites at months 0 and 12, and bone changes assessed using digital subtraction radiography (DSR). RESULTS: As a result of the non-surgical therapy, statistically significant improvements in all clinical parameters were recorded. In the maintenance period, mean PI increased significantly from months 0 to 12 (p<0.05), but this increase did not differ significantly between groups A and B (p>0.05). No other clinical parameters changed significantly in the maintenance phase of the study. Reductions in %BOP, mouth mean PD and mean test sites PD achieved by the non-surgical therapy were maintained and did not differ significantly whether subjects were allocated to group A or group B (p>0.05). Current smokers had significantly deeper PD than non-smokers and former smokers at all time points (p<0.05), although otherwise, smoking status did not affect the outcomes of the study. DSR analysis identified statistically non-significant, slight, alveolar bone loss in both groups between months 0 and 12. CONCLUSION: In the short term, periodontal maintenance can be provided in general dental practice with the same expected outcomes compared with maintenance that is provided in a specialist clinic, providing that general dentists are given specific instructions regarding the maintenance regimen. A strong emphasis on effective plaque control is necessary.     

前牙区重度牙周炎非手术治疗预后影响因素分析

目的    探讨前牙区重度牙周炎非手术治疗预后的影响因素,为前牙区重度牙周炎预后判断提供依据。方法    选取2015年9月至2017年8月在中国医科大学附属口腔医院牙周病科门诊就诊的前牙区重度牙周炎患者67例（患牙290颗）,初诊时前牙区牙周探诊深度（PD）≥ 6 mm的患牙。记录患者一般资料及其在牙周基础治疗前（基线）和治疗后3个月的PD、临床附着丧失（CAL）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、松动度（TM）、牙髓状态、牙周骨缺损类型、牙周炎类型、咬合创伤、冠根比和冠修复情况。根据牙周基础治疗3个月后的PD将患牙分为两组,即PD < 5 mm组（204颗）和PD ≥ 5 mm组（86颗）。应用SPSS 20.0软件,对各指标进行单因素分析,对单因素分析有意义的指标进行Logistic回归分析。结果    单因素分析显示,性别、吸烟史以及基线时的患牙PD均数、PD最深值、SBI、PLI、牙周骨缺损类型、冠根比在PD < 5 mm组与PD ≥ 5 mm组之间差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,两组的性别、基线时患牙PD均数、SBI、PLI及冠根比在两组间存在差异（P < 0.05）。结论    患者的性别、基线时患牙PD均数、SBI、PLI及冠根比为前牙区重度牙周炎牙周非手术治疗预后的独立影响因素。     

二次牙周龈下刮治与牙周翻瓣术短期临床疗效比较

目的比较二次牙周龈下刮治和根面平整（scaling and root planning,SRP）与牙周翻瓣术治疗慢性牙周炎的短期临床疗效。方法选取牙周基础治疗3个月后牙周探诊深度为5～7mm的前牙或前磨牙共52颗作为研究对象,随机分为2组,二次SRP组行龈下刮治和根面平整术,翻瓣组进行改良Widman翻瓣术。分别在治疗前、治疗后3个月和6个月,检查记录探诊出血（bleeding on probing,BOP）、探诊深度（probing depth,PD）、牙龈退缩（gingival recession,GR）及临床附着水平（clinical attachment level,CAL）,并比较分析。结果二次SRP组和翻瓣组患牙的BOP阳性率、PD、GR、CAL治疗前分别为91.30%、（5.60±0.99）mm、（0.37±0.49）mm、（5.98±1.17）mm和92.13%、（5.87±1.02）mm、（0.30±0.47）mm、（6.03±1.30）mm,治疗后6个月分别为17.39%、（2.87±0.78）mm、（2.00±0.62）mm、（5.07±1.01）mm和11.23%、（2.53±0.51）mm、（2.36±0.68）mm、（4.89±0.84）mm,2组治疗后6个月各项指标与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗后6个月2组间BOP阳性率、PD及CAL比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但翻瓣组GR明显高于二次SRP组（P〈0.05）。结论对于前牙或前磨牙,二次SRP与牙周翻瓣术可达到相同的治疗效果,翻瓣术后牙龈退缩较二次牙周龈下刮治和根面平整后明显。     

Clinical responses to mechanical periodontal treatment in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients with and without Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare 12-month clinical responses to mechanical periodontal treatment in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients at sites with and without Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans at baseline, and to investigate the ability of mechanical periodontal treatment to eliminate A. actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS: Nineteen patients and a total of 76 selected sites with a mean probing depth (PD) of > or = 7 mm were studied. Whole mouth presence or absence of supragingival plaque (PI%), bleeding on probing (BOP%), probing depth (PD), and probing attachment level (PAL) were recorded at six sites per tooth at baseline and after 3, 9, and 12 months. Baseline subgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest PD site in each quadrant using sterile paper points and were cultured on TSBV plates for 5 days in a 5% CO2-air incubator. All sites received mechanical periodontal treatment, which included oral hygiene instructions and supragingival and subgingival instrumentation with or without surgical access, with maintenance care being provided once every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: At baseline, A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated in 13 of the 19 subjects (68%) and in 29 out of the 76 sampled sites (38%). At the end of 12 months, in three of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects, A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the sampled sites, while one subject, in whom A. actinomycetemcomitans was not initially found at the sampled sites was A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive at 12 months. Multi-level variance component models showed there was no statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters between A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive and -negative subjects (P > 0.05). In the sampled sites of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects, the mean PD was reduced from 7.6 +/- 1.6 mm to 3.2 +/- 1.8 mm, the mean PAL gain was 1.4 +/- 2.0 mm, and the mean recession was 3.0 +/- 2.3 mm. The corresponding figures in the sampled sites of the initially A. actinomycetemcomitans-negative subjects were 7.5 +/- 1.6 mm to 2.7 +/- 1.0 mm, 2.3 +/- 2.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 2.2 mm for mean PD changes, PAL gain, and mean recession, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable clinical responses to mechanical periodontal therapy may occur in Chinese chronic periodontitis patients at sites infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The mere detection of subgignival A. actinomycetemcomitans does not necessarily imply poorer treatment outcomes in the control of chronic periodontitis.     

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunctive chlorhexidine use in adults with down syndrome: a prospective case series

BACKGROUND: Subjects with Down syndrome (DS) experience a high prevalence of periodontal disease, and the management of this disease in subjects with DS is a challenge for oral health care providers. The purpose of this case series was to follow the periodontal healing response changes over a 12-month period after non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy with the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine and monthly recalls in adults with DS who presented initially with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects with DS (14 males and seven females; 25.3 +/- 5.5 years of age) with reported mild-to-moderate learning disabilities and chronic periodontitis were recruited and treated by non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy (followed by monthly recalls) and the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine gel for toothbrushing and chlorhexidine mouthwash twice daily. Clinical data were recorded. RESULTS: After 12 months of non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy, the mean percentage of sites with plaque decreased from 84.1% to 23.6%, and the mean number of sites with bleeding on probing decreased from 82.1% to 29.5%. Mean probing depth decreased from 3.2 to 1.8 mm, with a mean clinical attachment level gain of 0.6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory healing responses were achieved following non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy with the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine and monthly recalls in adults with DS with chronic periodontitis and mild-to-moderate learning disabilities. Such a treatment regimen seems appropriate and beneficial for adults with DS and chronic periodontitis.