良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者裸眼及视频眼震图下眼震特征及定位诊断分析

目的探讨裸眼及视频眼震图(videonystagmograph,VNG)下观察良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign positional paroxysmal vertigo,BPPV)患者眼震及诊断结果的差异。方法108例BPPV患者分别进行Dix-Hallpike和滚转试验(Roll),应用红外视频眼震电图仪观察眼震特点,进行定位诊断,并与裸眼下观察其眼震特征及诊断结果进行比较。结果 108例患者中共诊断后半规管BPPV(PSC-BPPV)75例(69.44%,75/108),裸眼及VNG辅助下典型眼震检出率分别为66.67%(50/75)和93.33%(70/75);前半规管BPPV(ASC-BPPV)18例(16.67%,18/108),裸眼及VNG下典型眼震检出率分别为72.22%(13/18)和100%(18/18),两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);水平半规管BPPV(HSC-BPPV)9例(8.33%),裸眼及VNG辅助下分别正确诊断7例和9例;混合型BPPV6例(5.56%),裸眼及VNG辅助下分别正确诊断3例和6例。结论 VNG能够客观地记录BPPV患者的眼震情况,有助于提高眼震的检出率及诊断的准确性。     

李氏复位法治疗水平离地性眼震BPPV的短期疗效

目的探究李氏复位法对水平离地性眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)复位治疗的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年5月~2016年7月确诊的43例向地性眼震水平半规管BPPV患者和30例离地性眼震水平半规管BP-PV患者的临床资料,两组均采用李氏手法复位治疗,将每次门诊治疗计算为1个周期,每个周期进行2次相同复位法治疗,中间间隔5至10分钟,3天后及1周后复查,分析两组患者治疗后的临床效果。结果 3天及1周的向地眼震患者复位有效率分别为83.7%和95.3%,离地性眼震患者的有效率分别为90.0%和96.7%两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论李氏复位法对治疗离地性眼震HC-BPPV同样能取得良好的治疗效果,且操作简便,过程迅速,可在临床应用。     

无明显眼震的良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者手法复位疗效分析

目的 初步探讨无眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的治疗方法.方法 39例无明显眼震的BPPV患者(治疗组)和76例后半规管BPPV患者(对照组),采用Epley法分别进行1~3次手法复位治疗,两组均于治疗后2周复诊,比较其疗效.结果 治疗组症状立即消失21例,2周内症状消失6例,症状改善5例,7例无效,治愈率69.23%(27/39),总有效率84.62%(32/39);对照组症状立即消失36例,2周内症状消失23例,症状改善9例,8例无效,治愈率77.63%(59/76),总有效率89.47%(66/76).两组间治愈率和有效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对不伴眼震的BPPV患者,Epley手法复位效果良好.     

李氏复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕的远期疗效分析

目的探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的临床特征,观察李氏复位法治疗BPPV的远期疗效。方法回顾分析2009年7月至2014年4月诊治的258例行李氏手法复位的单半规管BPPV患者的临床特征,并根据受累半规管的情况行李氏手法复位治疗,观察并分析远期疗效。本组资料中,后半规管BPPV72例(27.9%),水平半规管BPPV120例(46.5%),"上半规管"BPPV66例(25.6%)。结果 258例患者随访1周后痊愈196例(76.0%),有效45例(17.4%),无效17例(6.6%),总有效241例(93.4%);随访3月后痊愈209例(81.0%),有效15例(5.8%),无效15例(5.8%),复发19例(7.4%),总有效224例(86.8%)。其中经1次李氏手法复位后痊愈者163例(63.2%),有效80例(31.0%),无效15例(5.8%),1次复位总有效率为94.2%。各种类型半规管BPPV患者之间的远期总有效率无统计学差异。结论应用李氏手法复位法对BPPV患者进行治疗,疗效确切,且不需要判断眼震的有无及方向,操作简洁,过程迅速,可在临床应用。     

红外视频眼震检查在良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断的应用

目的探讨眼震视图(VNG)应用于诊断良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的价值。方法对50例拟诊BPPV患者,在视频眼动观察记录下完成DIX_Hallpike变位及ROLL滚转试验,判别受累半规管并采取相应手法复位。结果 (1)依据眼震特点和方向判断受累半规管[1]:后半规管(PSC-BPPV)39例,占78%;水平半规管(HSC-BPPV)6例,占12%;前半规管(ASC-BPPV)1例,占2%;2个或2个以上半规管同时受累及4例,占8%;(2)以此为基础选择适当的手法进行复位治疗,1周后随访疗效:痊愈43例,有效6例,无效1例,总有效率98%。结论眼震视图对BPPV患者眼震情况的客观记录,提高了受累半规管的准确判别率,对于良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断可以提供一种更为客观、精确的方法。     

318例良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊治分析

目的:研究不同类型良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)的诊断、治疗及疗效。方法:回顾性分析318例BPPV患者的资料,根据变位试验诱发的眼震特点进行分型,并采用相应的耳石复位技术治疗,对治疗1次无效者间隔7d重复治疗,重复3次无效者采用Brandt-Daroff习服练习;完成治疗后随访观察总有效率。结果:①后半规管BPPV患者221例(69.5%),采用Epley管石复位法;②水平半规管BPPV患者62例(19.5%),采用Bar-becue翻滚加强迫侧卧体位疗法;③前半规管BPPV患者23例(7.2%),采用Epley管石复位法;④混合型BPPV患者12例(3.8%),采用Epley加Barbecue翻滚联合治疗。1周后随访总有效率为82.1%(261/318),3个月后随访总有效率为91.8%(292/318)。结论:结合病史,根据不同变位试验诱发的眼震特征对BPPV患者进行诊断并采用相应手法复位治疗是一种非常有效的方法,能有效缩短病程,减轻患者痛苦,可在临床广泛应用。     

手法复位治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕36例

目的 评价体位治疗在良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析36例原发性或继发性BPPV的临床资料,后半规管BPPV采用改良Epley手法或Semont手法复位,水平半规管采用Barbecue翻滚疗法复位治疗,评价其治疗效果。结果 33例后半规管BPPV患者应用改良Epley手法或Semont手法复位,有效率为93.9%。3例水平半规管BPPV患者采取Barbecue翻滚法复位后症状均明显改善。结论 手法复位治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕方法简单,疗效可靠,治愈率高。     

前庭自旋转试验在位置性眩晕患者中的检测

目的 通过对位置性眩晕患者进行前庭自旋转试验(Vestibular autorotation test,VAT)检查,探讨VAT用于鉴别中枢性和外周性位置性眩晕的作用.方法 回顾性分析140例位置性眩晕患者的临床资料,均无耳聋、耳鸣或前庭功能低下.患者资料包括病史,专科检查,视频眼震电图(videonystagmography,VNG),VAT,头颅磁共振(MRI),位置试验,手法复位治疗.结果 138例良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV),VAT参数水平增益正常,部分患者的垂直向下的眼震(positional down beating nystagmus,pDBN)通过手法复位消失,经MRI排除其他疾病.2例颅底凹陷综合征(Arnold-Chiari malformation,ACM)通过头颅MRI得到确诊,其VAT水平增益增高,手法复位后pDBN不消失.结论 VAT可用以辅助BPPV的鉴别诊断.     

多管受累的老年良性阵发性位置性眩晕的临床研究

目的探讨累及多个半规管的老年性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)的临床特点和手法复位的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2015年9月我院诊治的48例多管受累的老年良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者的临床资料并观察手法复位的疗效。结果多管受累的老年性BPPV患者占同期全部老年BPPV患者的21.7%(48/221)。Dix-Hallpike和(或)Roll试验中,两个或两个以上头位可诱发出相同或不同的眼震。对称性双侧半规管同时受累的BPPV患者17例(35.42%),其中16例患者双侧后半规管同时受累,1例患者双侧前半规管同时受累,3例(6.25%)患者诊断为后半规管并同侧前半规管BPPV,25例(52.08%)患者诊断为后半规管并同侧或对侧水平半规管BPPV,1例(2.08%)患者诊断为一侧前半规管合并同侧水平半规管BPPV,2例(4.17%)患者诊断为多个半规管同时受累。根据患者眼震持续时间其中43例(89.58%)诊断为管结石症,5例(10.42%)诊断为嵴顶结石症。全部患者根据受累半规管及耳石类型采用相应手法复位治疗,首次手法复位后有效率为68.75%,多次复位后总有效率为87.50%。结论多管受累的老年BPPV患者临床中比较常见,尤其以后半规管合并水平半规管的管结石症较为多见,手法复位治疗可取得较为满意的疗效,准确判断受累半规管及耳石类型是复位成功的关键。     

眼震方向可转换型外侧半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕35例临床分析

目的 探讨眼震方向可转换型外侧半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕(LSC- BPPV)患者的临床特点和治疗效果。 方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年6月诊治的35例眼震方向可转换型LSC- BPPV患者(可转换型组)的临床资料并观察手法复位的疗效,与同期治疗的38例眼震方向不变型LSC- BPPV患者(不变型组)进行对比,并追踪随访6个月。患者根据眼震方向及持续时间分别采用Barbecue 翻滚法、Gufoni 法或强迫持续卧位法复位治疗。采用SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析。 结果 35例眼震方向可转换型患者中可自动转换型7例,主动可转换型28例,眼震由离地型转为向地型31例,眼震由向地型转为离地型2例,眼震方向反复多次转换型2例,眼震持续时间>1 min者6例、<1 min者29例。38例眼震方向不变型均为向地型,眼震持续时间全部<1 min。可转换型组首次复位有效率为62.86%(22/35),不变型组为86.84%(33/38),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.642, P=0.018)。多次复位后有效率分别为91.43%(32/35)和97.37%(37/38),组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.241, P=0.265 )。可转换型组、不变型组复位成功时所需平均循环次数分别为(2.81±1.21)、(1.56±0.69)次,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.053, P<0.001)。随访6个月后可转换型组与不变型组复发率分别为17.14%和23.68%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.478, P=0.490)。 结论 准确判断受累半规管侧别及耳石类型是诊治眼震方向可转换型LSC- BPPV患者的关键,手法复位治疗可取得较为满意的疗效,但首次复位有效率较眼震方向不变患者低,且复位成功需较多循环次数。     

耳石复位法治疗半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕的临床研究

目的：评价耳石复位法治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）疗效。方法：回顾分析2002年1月～2005年6月间治疗的230例BPPV患者的临床资料。根据半规管耳石假说,随机分成治疗组122例,对照组108例,分别接受耳石复位法和一般对症治疗。治疗结束后2周复查并评定疗效。结果：治疗组88例眩晕和眼震于治疗后立即或在2周内逐渐消失,18例改善,16例无效,治愈率72．1％,总有效率86．9％。对照组51例立即或在2周内逐渐消失,23例改善,34例无效,治愈率47．2％,总有效率68．5%。两组疗效相比差异有统计学意义。结论：鉴于耳石复位法治疗无明显禁忌证,方法简单,无痛苦和不良反应,一次性治疗疗效高,短期（1～3个月）随访无复发,因此认为该法可作为BPPV门诊治疗的首选方法。     

Vibration with the canalith repositioning maneuver: a prospective randomized study to determine efficacy

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to determine whether the inclusion of vibration and additional treatment cycles has an effect on short- and long-term success rates in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with the canalith repositioning maneuver. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of patients treated at a tertiary vestibular rehabilitation center. METHODS: Variables identified for statistical analysis included patient age, gender, vibration used, and canalith repositioning cycles. Analysis using Student t test, chi2 test, Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression was performed. RESULTS: One hundred two patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treated over a 1-year period (August 2001-August 2002) were randomly assigned to receive the canalith repositioning maneuver with or without vibration. Average duration of follow-up was 9.44 months. The single treatment success rate was 93.1%. To relieve symptoms, 29.4% of patients required more than one canalith repositioning cycle. The relapse rate was 30.5%. Thirty-nine patients were assigned to the canalith repositioning group with vibration, and 63 to the canalith repositioning group without vibration. There was no statistical difference in age, gender, initial success rates, or relapse rates between the canalith repositioning groups with and without vibration. On average, patients required 1.38 canalith repositioning cycles for successful treatment. Vibration did not affect the number of canalith repositioning cycles required to convert the Dix-Hallpike test result to normal. The need for additional canalith repositioning cycles had no statistical effect on initial treatment success or relapse rates. CONCLUSION: Vibration provided no additional benefit in initial treatment success or in reducing long-term relapse rates when included in the canalith repositioning maneuver. Many patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo require more than one canalith repositioning cycle at the time of initial treatment to relieve symptoms, but this does not indicate a higher likelihood for recurrence. No variable predicted a higher rate of recurrence.     

Canalith repositioning for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of canalith repositioning maneuvers (Semont, Epley, and modified maneuvers) in the treatment of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in comparison to the rate of resolution in the untreated control cohort. DATA SOURCES: Source articles were identified by a MEDLINE search of English language sources before 2004 plus manual crosschecks of bibliographies from identified articles, selected national meeting abstracts, review article references, and textbook chapters. STUDY SELECTION: Each controlled trial that compared canalith repositioning patients to untreated control subjects in posterior canal benign positional vertigo (blinded and unblinded) was reviewed for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted systematically, scaled on validity and comparability, and cross-checked independently by another author. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies were combined with fixed effects meta-analysis to estimate spontaneous resolution, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of effect size, and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Canalith repositioning is more effective than observation alone for the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, despite spontaneous resolution rates of one in three at 3 weeks. Public health implications are discussed, based on the high frequency of unrecognized BPPV reported in elderly patients, and the improvements after canalith repositioning in postural control and health-related quality of life (SF 36 Health Survey) documented in the literature.     

Malignant paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

An insidious percentage of paroxysmal positional vertigo appears to be intractable with canalith repositioning maneuver and also is not self-limiting. This type of positional vertigo is sustained by the action of intracranial tumors that mimics the clinical aspects of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Aim of this study is to clarify the features of these forms of positional vertigo, which we indicate as malignant paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of all the patients who presented with vertigo spells and were managed at our tertiary care referral centre over a three years period. Two hundred and eleven patients with diagnosis of positional paroxysmal vertigo were included in the final study.

Results

Seven patients were affected by intracranial tumors causing a positional vertigo and were classified as malignant paroxysmal positional vertigo patients after radiological and histological diagnosis. These patients were affected by an internal auditory canal mass alone or with extension in the cerebello pontine angle that mimicked a benign positional vertigo.

Conclusion

We can conclude that the clinician should keep in mind the differentiation between benign positional vertigo and malignant positional vertigo. When the patients with positional vertigo presents a strange behaviour of symptoms, nystagmus or response to the canalith repositioning maneuver a radiological investigation must be undertaken in every doubtful case.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕预后分析

目的探讨管石复位法（canalith repositioning procedure,CRP）治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）的预后因素。方法回顾性分析115例后半规管BPPV患者的治疗和随访结果 ,研究发病因素与疗效的关系。结果 特发性BPPV患者1次CRP治疗成功率和复发率为77.8%和11.1%,伴有梅尼埃病的BPPV患者分别为27.8%和44.4%,有偏头痛及脑卒中病史的BPPV患者分别为26.7%和40.0%,与特发性BPPV患者相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 BPPV的预后和梅尼埃病、偏头痛及脑卒中病史密切相关。     

不同类型位置性眩晕的诊断及耳石复位治疗

目的探讨不同类型位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)的诊断方法和半规管耳石复位法对BPPV的治疗效果及存在的问题。方法从2005年1月～2007年12月对疑似BPPV患者行变位性眼震试验,并对确诊为BPPV的96例患者行耳石复位治疗。结果所有BPPV患者经1～2次耳石复位治疗,症状完全消失者84例(87.5%);眩晕消失但遗有与体位变换无关的头昏、头重脚轻感者12例(12.5%),其中10例头部症状于1周内消失,2例于2周内消失。结论不同类型BPPV在诊断方式上存在差异,耳石复位治疗BPPV安全有效,应作为首选。     

Epley's manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a prospective study

The treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) by the Epley, canalith repositioning, manoeuvre was popularized following clinical reports which demonstrated a significant success rate. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is considered a self-limiting disease, yet only few authors have analysed the effect of this manoeuvre in randomized, controlled terms. A prospective 3-year, controlled study of patients with BPPV of long duration (mean = 6 months) verified its benefit: the recovery course differed significantly between a group of 31 patients treated with the manoeuvre and a control group of 10 untreated patients. Symptoms subsided within 72 h in 35% and within a week in 74% of patients after one session of treatment. Only two treated patients (6.5%) did not recover versus a 50% failure rate among untreated patients (P = 0.0005). The rate of recovery was not affected by the duration of symptoms before initiation of treatment, or by the patient's age and gender.     

水平背地性眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊断和手法复位

目的：验证一种新的用于治疗水平背地性眼震良性阵发性位置性眩晕（apogeotropicHSC—BPPV）的手法复位方法。方法：该研究采取改良的SupineRollTest（M-RollTest）方法共诊断出l78例水平半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（HSC-BPPV）患者,其中37例apogeotropicHSC—BPPV纳入该研究样本,占发病数的20．79％。采用管石重置手法先将37例apogeotropicHSC—BPPV患者水平背地性眼震转变为水平向地性眼震;此后,施行传统barbecue法进行手法复位。管石重置手法如下：①患者取仰卧头垫高30°体位静卧;②10min后头快速向患侧转90°;③2min后头向中线回旋45°;④保持体位2min后患者恢复仰卧头高30°体位;静卧10min后,采用M—RollTest检查验证患者是否出现双侧水平向地性眼震。如管石重置失败,重复以上手法多次,直至出现双侧水平向地性眼震为止。结果：36例双侧水平背地性眼震经水平背地性眼震管石重置手法全部转变为双侧不同强度的水平向地性眼震,其中,18例经1次,11例经2次,4例经3次,3例经4～6次。1例经1次管石重置手法后自觉症状减轻,再次行M—RollTest检查证明水平眼震消失,但Dix-hallpike手法复位检查出现同侧上跳性扭转性眼震,确诊为同侧后半规管良性阵发性位置性眩晕（PSC-BPPV）。该组管石重置成功率为为97．3％。36例HSC—BPPV患者经barbecue法手法复位全部一次性获得成功,1例PSC—BPPV患者经Eptey管石复位法一次性获得成功。结论：该研究设计的水平背地性管石重置手法是治疗apogeotropicHSC—BPPV的必要手段,简便易学、成功率高,患者舒适度好,相对依从性高。     

Variables affecting treatment in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables affecting outcome in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients at a tertiary vestibular rehabilitation center. METHODS: Variables identified for statistical analysis included method of diagnosis, age, sex, onset association with trauma, semicircular canal involvement, presence of bilateral disease, treatment visits, and cycles of canalith repositioning maneuvers per treatment visit. Multivariate statistical analysis using Pearson chi2, likelihood ratio, linear-by-linear association, and cross-tabulation tests were performed. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-nine patients with BPPV who received treatment were identified from 1996 to 1998. Average follow-up time was 16.9 months. 74.8% required one treatment visit, 19.0% required a second treatment visit, and 98.4% were successfully treated after three treatment visits. The remainder required up to seven treatment visits for relief of symptoms. Variables affecting the number of treatment visits included bilateral disease or location of disease other than in the posterior semicircular canal. Patient age, sex, method of diagnosis, and onset association with trauma had no statistically significant impact. CONCLUSION: Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo not located in a single posterior semicircular canal are more likely to require multiple visits for canalith repositioning.