前臂及手部毁损伤的急诊修复与功能重建

目的探讨前臂及手部毁损伤的急诊修复与功能重建方法。方法对16例前臂及手部毁损伤患者采用显微外科方法进行急诊修复与功能重建。软组织缺损面积4cm×5cm～20cm×8cm,均有不同程度的骨骼、肌腱、血管、神经的外露或缺损,其中患肢血供完全丧失8例,伴有大段血管缺损5例,伴有神经缺损3例。结果术后随访6月～5年,平均13月,16例全部成活,伤肢均获不同程度的功能恢复。结论前臂及手部的毁损伤是一种复杂而严重的损伤,正确评估损伤肢体的血循环及软组织的损伤程度和缺损的范围,确定缺损且要重建的结构,合理设计手术方案,采用显微外科方法急诊修复,恢复患肢血循环,同期或分期进行功能重建,恢复患肢功能,可以挽救一些符合截肢指征的肢体。     

严重前臂及手部外伤的急诊修复

目的探讨急诊修复严重前臂及手部外伤的治疗方法和疗效。方法对36例严重前臂及手部外伤患者采用下述方法一期修复：重建血循环18例,带蒂组织转移覆盖创面5例,游离移植软组织覆盖创面23例,组合移植覆盖创面6例。结果 36例均获得随访,随访时间为6个月-8年,平均20个月。末次功能评定：优14例,良16例,可4例,差2例,优良率为83.3%。结论对一些严重前臂及手部外伤,可以采用合理显微外科方法急诊修复来保留肢体的功能。     

游离移植腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣游离移植修复前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果.方法 2006年5月-2007年1月,收治6例前臂及手部皮肤软组织缺损患者.男5例,女1例;年龄22～51岁.机器绞伤4例,车祸伤2例.手部、前臂皮肤缺损伴尺桡骨骨折各1例,手部皮肤缺损伴肌腱损伤、掌骨骨折以及前臂皮肤缺损各2例.皮肤软组织缺损范围16 cm×7 cm～24 cm×10 cm.术中根据受区皮肤软组织缺损形状和大小,以外踝上腓动脉穿支血管为蒂带部分腓动脉主干、沿腓肠神经营养血管轴线设计并切取皮瓣修复受区,将腓动脉及2条伴行静脉分别与受区的桡(尺)动静脉及头静脉吻合.术中切取皮瓣18 cm×8 cm～25 cm×12 cm.供区两端直接缝合,中部残留创面以游离皮片修复.结果 术后5例皮瓣全部成活;1例皮瓣远端局部回流不畅浅表坏死,经换药及抗感染治疗后愈合.供区均Ⅰ期愈合.6例均获随访6～13个月,受区皮瓣外形及功能满意.供区肢体无异常,正常行走.结论 腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣外形美观,血管蒂恒定,血供可靠,切取范围大,对供区影响小,可用作游离移植修复前臂及手部的大面积皮肤软组织缺损.     

桡神经浅支营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部组织缺损

目的:探讨桡神经浅支营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法:2006年4月至2011年12月,应用桡神经浅支营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损9例,其中手掌软组织缺损6例,手背软组织缺损2例,拇指背侧软组织缺损1例,均伴有深部组织外露.切取皮瓣面积3cm× 5cm～6cm×8cm.结果:9例皮瓣术后全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合.经过3月～5年随访,所有皮瓣外观、质地、色泽、弹性较好,无需Ⅱ期整形,患手功能恢复较满意.结论:桡神经浅支营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣是修复手部软组织缺损比较理想的方法之一.     

上臂复合组织缺损的显微外科修复

【摘要】目的探讨通过短缩肱骨将创伤后的上臂复合组织缺损简化为“组织断裂”进行再植修复的手术方法和疗效。方法对5例严重血管、神经、肌肉、肱骨等组织缺损的上肢复合性外伤患者,通过短缩、固定肱骨使组织缺损简化为“组织断裂”进行修复,对部分遗留创面行二期植皮修复。1例短缩并固定肱骨后肱动脉及伴行静脉仍有缺损者采用自体浅静脉桥接修复,余4例血管、神经均直接端端吻合。结果术后患肢均未发生血管危象,患肢及植皮全部存活。术后随访11～60个月,5例患者肘关节最大屈曲度110°,上臂屈伸肌力均达Ⅳ级以上,前臂及手部屈伸肌力均达Ⅲ＋级以上;根据《中华医学会手外科学会上肢断肢再植功能评定试用标准》,疗效优2例、良2例、差1例。结论通过短缩、固定肱骨后一期修复神经、血管等组织的方法治疗上臂复合组织缺损可简化手术程序,减少手术创伤,缩短手术时间,降低手术难度,最大程度缩短术后神经恢复时间及减少神经信息丢失,为肢体功能恢复创造良好条件。     

Flow-through胫后动脉穿支皮瓣在保肢治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨Flow-through胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复肢体软组织合并长段主干血管缺损的临床疗效。方法对2014年6月-2019年6月收治的16例肢体软组织缺损并长段主干血管缺损患者采用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复创面,游离胫后动脉以及伴行静脉、大隐静脉修复肢体血管缺损。供区行植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣顺利成活,受区及供区创面均一期愈合,患肢恢复良好血液循环。16例均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月(平均12个月)。所有患者患肢均未出现缺血疼及肌肉萎缩,行血管彩超检查修复血管通血良好;皮瓣质地柔软,弹性可,患肢功能可。结论 Flow-through胫后动脉穿支皮瓣可有效修复患肢创面,同时修复肢体主干血管长段缺损,重建患肢血液循环,是临床治疗严重肢体损伤、保肢治疗的有效方法之一。     

游离下腹部双叶皮瓣修复前臂及手部多处皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用不同血管蒂的下腹部双叶皮瓣修复前臂及手部多处皮肤软组织缺损的方法及疗效.方法 对2例前臂和5例手部多处皮肤软组织缺损的病例,应用腹壁浅动脉与旋髂浅动脉共干设计双叶皮瓣修复3例,应用腹壁浅动脉的内侧支及外侧支设计双叶皮瓣修复2例,应用旋髂浅动脉的浅支及深支设计双叶皮瓣修复2例.切取皮瓣面积为4cm×3cm～10cm×8cm.结果 本组7例双叶皮瓣术后全部存活.术后随访3～12个月,平均6个月.皮瓣质软,颜色与受区接近,血液循环良好,有排汗功能;皮瓣供区仅留线状瘢痕.结论 应用不同血管蒂的下腹部双叶皮瓣修复前臂及手部的多处皮肤软组织缺损,可一次完成多处皮肤缺损创面覆盖,供区较隐蔽、可直接缝合,是一种修复前臂及手部多处皮肤软组织缺损的较理想方法.     

前臂桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的 总结前臂桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣逆行转移修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 1999年6月至2010年12月,应用前臂桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣逆行转移修复15例手部皮肤软组织缺损.以前臂桡神经浅支走行线作为皮瓣的轴线设计皮瓣,深筋膜下锐性分离,逆行转移覆盖创面,如需重建感觉功能,可将皮瓣上携带的皮神经与受区皮神经相缝合.结果 术后15例中,2例皮瓣远1/3部分皮下淤血,其中1例皮瓣尖端约1.5 cm× 1.0cm坏死,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利存活.术后随访4个月至8年,皮瓣外形及功能满意.结论 该皮瓣切取简单,外观好,对供区损伤小,转移随意性强,可重建感觉功能,并与受区皮肤颜色近似,是修复手背、手掌及虎口部皮肤软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一.     

婴儿手及前臂环扎损伤的诊疗体会

目的 探讨婴儿手及前臂环扎损伤的显微外科治疗方法及临床疗效.方法应用显微外科技术解除手外伤环扎压迫,探查血管并根据具体情况进行血管吻合;随访功能康复情况.结果 全部9例肢(指)体成活,获得1年以上随访,患指无继发坏死,无短缩畸形,痛温觉与健指无明显异常,屈伸功能良好;仅腕部损伤严重病例,皮神经恢复欠佳,局部感觉功能减退.结论 用显微外科技术急诊修复婴儿手外伤可以有效避免致残,显微外科技术是治疗婴儿手外伤的较佳方法.     

Ⅲ型霰弹枪伤致骨及软组织缺损的显微外科修复及功能重建

目的探讨Ⅲ型霰弹枪伤的显微外科修复及功能重建.方法单臂外固定架固定,根据伤情应用显微外科方法初期或延期闭合创腔,修复骨、软骨及神经血管的损伤及缺损.结果本组28例用此方法均达骨性愈合,患肢功能恢复满意.结论对Ⅲ型霰弹枪伤的患者在病情允许的情况下应用显微外科技术初期修复组织缺损或重建功能可缩短治疗时间,最大可能的恢复患肢功能.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。